The main goal of that work is th analyse Russia position at the World stage of 21. century. modern World there is no bi-polar, but multipolar. That means, that the fact of Access is mutual cooperation, coordination and co-existence. The analyse of historical past makes it possible to forecast the evolution of diplomacy at the nearest future. The huge potenciál of emerging economies (BRIC) leads to redistribution of capital and power from "North to South". Russian geopolitice stability mainly depends on diplomatic dialog between Russia and: Euro-Atlantic Aliance and European Union Asia Pacific region (mailny China, India) Muslim countries (those who are part of Russian Federation)

Employant des salariés pour exécuter les missions de sécurité et de défense que peuvent leur confier des Etats, des organisations internationales ou des entités non étatiques. Cette forme particulière de production de la sécurité n’est pas entièrement appréhendée par les conventions internationales et les législations internes des Etats. De cela résulte une absence de statut juridique international de ces acteurs qui sont de plus en plus présents dans la gestion des conflits armés et dans les opérations de maintien de l’ordre. Les obligations particulières de leurs clients ne sont pas non plus déterminées. Ce défaut d’encadrement spécifique avéré ne signifie pas qu’il y ait un vide juridique dans ce secteur d’activité. Certaines règles internationales et les droits nationaux peuvent effectivement s’appliquer aux activités des SMSP et aux contractants de ces dernières. Seulement, l’efficacité que devaient avoir de telles normes face à des situations qui n’ont pas été prises en compte lors de leurs adoptions, ne saurait être acquise. D’où un processus de régulation internationale et de règlementation nationale initié depuis quelques années par les Etats mais aussi par les organisations internationales. Les sociétés elles mêmes se sont senties concernées par la production de règles encadrant leurs activités et se sont lancées dans la mise en place de code conduite. L’imperfection guette toutes ces nouvelles règles spécifiques destinées à corriger les lacunes des conventions internationales et des lois internes. Ce qui nécessite la proposition de solutions envisageables dans le but de mieux prendre en compte les intérêts des SMSP et la protection de ceux qui s’exposent aux risques que procurent les prestations privées de sécurité militaire. / Private military and security companies are legal persons of private law with employees to perform security missions and defense that can give them some states, international organizations or non-state entities. This particular form of production safety is not fully understood by international conventions and domestic laws States. Result of this lack of legal status of these international actors is increasingly involved in the management of conflicts and peacekeeping operations order. Specific obligations of their clients are not determined. This lack of specific guidance proved does not mean that there is a legal vacuum in this sector. Certain international standards and national laws may actually apply to the activities of PMSCs and contractors thereof. Only efficiency that would have such standards in situations that have not been taken into account when adopting them cannot be acquired. Hence a process of international regulation and national regulation initiated in recent years by states but also by international organizations. The companies themselves have felt involved in the production of rules governing their activities and have engaged in the implementation of code of conduct. The imperfection watching all these new rules designed to correct specific deficiencies in international conventions and laws. This requires the proposal of possible solutions in order to better take into account the interests of PMSCs and the protection of those who are exposed to risks that provide private benefits of military security.

Author of the thesis focuses on the Jewish associations and organizations in Slovakia, particularly Bratislava, in the period 1919 to 1939. Jewish associations existed already in Austria-Hungary. In 1867, resulting from the approval of the Austrian constitution in February 1861, a federal law was adopted that developed and clarified some of the general constitutional principles. In Hungary, after the Austria - Hungarian Settlement, Law of 2 May 1875 No 1508/1875 was in force - with minor adjustments - until the end of 1951. Activities of Jewish societies further developed during the first Czechoslovak Republic. The majority of societies existed in Prague, Brno and Bratislava. Being university cities, their activities attracted number of students, particularly lawyers and medics. The volume of voluntary activities multiplied during 1920's. Bratislava had registered 676 organization and societies in 1931, which was nearly tenfold compared to 1900. In years 1919 - 1939 there were about 30 to 40 Jewish associations in the city. With regard to their activities the Jewish organizations were divided as follows: religious organizations, charitable societies, mutual help and burial assistance societies, student and community based organizations, gymnastics and sporting clubs, professional associations and...