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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Aspectos familiares envolvidos no desenvolvimento de crianças com paralisia cerebral / Family aspects involved in the develop ment of children with Cerebral Palsy.

Ferreira, Helena Barcellos Guarnieri 27 September 2007 (has links)
O presente estudo aborda o tema família de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral e tem como objetivo identificar como alguns fatores (condições socio econômicas, suporte social e grau de comprometimento motor) vivenciados pelas famílias podem estar relacionados com o seu desempenho e independência nas tarefas. Uma criança com paralisia cerebral na família pode alterar todas as relações gerando a necessidade de reação frente à nova e desconhecida situação. Dentre os fatores de resiliência familiar - definida como capacidade de reação e aceitação positiva diante de situações estressantes e adversas, destacou-se o suporte social, que mereceu destaque nesse trabalho. Como demonstra a literatura, a presença de uma rede de apoio social pode auxiliar os familiares na superação das adversidades. Utilizou-se o \"Social Support Questionnaire\", traduzido e validado por Matsukura; Marturano; Oishi (2002), que foi aplicado às cuidadoras de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral na cidade de Barretos. Este instrumento permite obter escores para o número de figuras de suporte perce bido pelas cuidadoras e a satisfação com este suporte social. Para estabele cer o grau de independência no desem penho ocupacional das crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral aplicou-se a Avaliação Pediátrica do Inventário da Incapacidade -PEDI (MANCINI, 2005), que estabelece o perfil funcional nas áreas de autocuidado, mobilidade e função social, e o nível de assistência dado pelo cuidador nestas habilidades. Por meio do Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social -IPVS (SEADE, 2006), indicador da situação socioeco nômica que classifica as famílias a partir de seus endereços, foi possível situá-las nas áreas de vulnerabilidade social muita baixa, baixa, média, alta e muito alta. Participaram desta pesquisa 27 cuidadoras de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral de duas institui ções de atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas com necessidades especiais na cidade de Barretos. A apresentação dos resultados buscou evidenciar os padrões de distribuição e frequência das variáveis, bem como possíveis associações entre elas. Enfocou-se as duas instituições separadamente, bem como a população estudada em seu conjunto, o que permitiu identificar diferenças no perfil da criança atendida, nos aspectos socioeconômicos e no suporte social percebido pela cuidadora. Como resultado do estudo encontrou-se que as cuidadoras da APAE e também aquelas com melhor condição socioeconômica estavam mais satisfeitas com o suporte social. Os familiares, principalmente o marido, foram apontados como principais fonte de apoio. Encontrou-se uma incidência alta de depressão entre as cuidadoras. Ressalta-se a necessidade dos profissionais envolverem de forma mais intensa os familiares nos tratamentos e atividades direcionadas às crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral e que as ações de assistência sejam mais articuladas e integradoras, buscando suprir necessidades emocionais, afetivas e materiais, tanto da criança como de sua família. / The present study approaches the subject of children and teenagers\' family with cerebral palsy and has as objective to identify as some factors (socioecono mic conditions, social support and level of commitment motor) experienced by the families can be related to its develop ment and independency tasks. A child with cerebral palsy in the family can modify all the relations generating the necessity of reaction front the new and unknown situation. Within family\'s factors resilience - detach by capacity of reaction and positive acceptance with these stressful and adverse situations, pointed by social support and deserves prominence in this work. As literature demonstrates the presence of a net of social support can assist the familiar ones in the overcoming of the adversities. We use the \"Social Support Questionnaire\", translated and validated by Matsukura; Marturano; Oishi (2002) that was placed to whom care-givers of the children and teenagers with cerebral paralysis in the city of Barretos. This instrument allows to get props up for the number of pictures of realized support by the one whom takes care and the satisfaction with this social support. To evaluate the occupational performance of the children with cerebral paralysis, was applied the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI)(MANCINI, 2005), that establishes the functional profile in the areas of selfcare, mobility and social function, and the level of assistance given by the ones that takes cake the child. Through the São Paulo`s Vulnerability Social Index (IPVS)(SEADE, 2006), as indicator of the partner-economic situation that classifies the families from its addresses, it was possible to point out them in the areas of social much low, low, average, high and very high one vulnerability. Participated of this research 27 care- givers children and adolescents with cerebral paralysis of two institutions of attendance multi professional to people with special needs in the city of Barretos. The presentation of the results tried to evidence the distribution patterns and frequency of the variables, as well as possible associations among them. We analyze the two institutions separately, as well as a population studied in its group, that permits identify differences in the profile of child\'s care, in the socioeconomic aspects and the social support perceived by care-givers. As a result of the study found out that the care-givers of APAE and also those with better condition socioeconomic were more satisfied with the social support. The families, in special the husbands, were pointed as special source of support. A high incidence of pressure was found between the care- givers. The professionals\' need is pointed out to involve in a more intense way the relatives in the treatments and activities directed to the children and teens with cerebral paralysis and that the actions of attendance are more articulate and integrated, trying to supply emotional needs, affective and material, as much of the child as it family.
2

Aspectos familiares envolvidos no desenvolvimento de crianças com paralisia cerebral / Family aspects involved in the develop ment of children with Cerebral Palsy.

Helena Barcellos Guarnieri Ferreira 27 September 2007 (has links)
O presente estudo aborda o tema família de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral e tem como objetivo identificar como alguns fatores (condições socio econômicas, suporte social e grau de comprometimento motor) vivenciados pelas famílias podem estar relacionados com o seu desempenho e independência nas tarefas. Uma criança com paralisia cerebral na família pode alterar todas as relações gerando a necessidade de reação frente à nova e desconhecida situação. Dentre os fatores de resiliência familiar - definida como capacidade de reação e aceitação positiva diante de situações estressantes e adversas, destacou-se o suporte social, que mereceu destaque nesse trabalho. Como demonstra a literatura, a presença de uma rede de apoio social pode auxiliar os familiares na superação das adversidades. Utilizou-se o \"Social Support Questionnaire\", traduzido e validado por Matsukura; Marturano; Oishi (2002), que foi aplicado às cuidadoras de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral na cidade de Barretos. Este instrumento permite obter escores para o número de figuras de suporte perce bido pelas cuidadoras e a satisfação com este suporte social. Para estabele cer o grau de independência no desem penho ocupacional das crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral aplicou-se a Avaliação Pediátrica do Inventário da Incapacidade -PEDI (MANCINI, 2005), que estabelece o perfil funcional nas áreas de autocuidado, mobilidade e função social, e o nível de assistência dado pelo cuidador nestas habilidades. Por meio do Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social -IPVS (SEADE, 2006), indicador da situação socioeco nômica que classifica as famílias a partir de seus endereços, foi possível situá-las nas áreas de vulnerabilidade social muita baixa, baixa, média, alta e muito alta. Participaram desta pesquisa 27 cuidadoras de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral de duas institui ções de atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas com necessidades especiais na cidade de Barretos. A apresentação dos resultados buscou evidenciar os padrões de distribuição e frequência das variáveis, bem como possíveis associações entre elas. Enfocou-se as duas instituições separadamente, bem como a população estudada em seu conjunto, o que permitiu identificar diferenças no perfil da criança atendida, nos aspectos socioeconômicos e no suporte social percebido pela cuidadora. Como resultado do estudo encontrou-se que as cuidadoras da APAE e também aquelas com melhor condição socioeconômica estavam mais satisfeitas com o suporte social. Os familiares, principalmente o marido, foram apontados como principais fonte de apoio. Encontrou-se uma incidência alta de depressão entre as cuidadoras. Ressalta-se a necessidade dos profissionais envolverem de forma mais intensa os familiares nos tratamentos e atividades direcionadas às crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral e que as ações de assistência sejam mais articuladas e integradoras, buscando suprir necessidades emocionais, afetivas e materiais, tanto da criança como de sua família. / The present study approaches the subject of children and teenagers\' family with cerebral palsy and has as objective to identify as some factors (socioecono mic conditions, social support and level of commitment motor) experienced by the families can be related to its develop ment and independency tasks. A child with cerebral palsy in the family can modify all the relations generating the necessity of reaction front the new and unknown situation. Within family\'s factors resilience - detach by capacity of reaction and positive acceptance with these stressful and adverse situations, pointed by social support and deserves prominence in this work. As literature demonstrates the presence of a net of social support can assist the familiar ones in the overcoming of the adversities. We use the \"Social Support Questionnaire\", translated and validated by Matsukura; Marturano; Oishi (2002) that was placed to whom care-givers of the children and teenagers with cerebral paralysis in the city of Barretos. This instrument allows to get props up for the number of pictures of realized support by the one whom takes care and the satisfaction with this social support. To evaluate the occupational performance of the children with cerebral paralysis, was applied the Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory (PEDI)(MANCINI, 2005), that establishes the functional profile in the areas of selfcare, mobility and social function, and the level of assistance given by the ones that takes cake the child. Through the São Paulo`s Vulnerability Social Index (IPVS)(SEADE, 2006), as indicator of the partner-economic situation that classifies the families from its addresses, it was possible to point out them in the areas of social much low, low, average, high and very high one vulnerability. Participated of this research 27 care- givers children and adolescents with cerebral paralysis of two institutions of attendance multi professional to people with special needs in the city of Barretos. The presentation of the results tried to evidence the distribution patterns and frequency of the variables, as well as possible associations among them. We analyze the two institutions separately, as well as a population studied in its group, that permits identify differences in the profile of child\'s care, in the socioeconomic aspects and the social support perceived by care-givers. As a result of the study found out that the care-givers of APAE and also those with better condition socioeconomic were more satisfied with the social support. The families, in special the husbands, were pointed as special source of support. A high incidence of pressure was found between the care- givers. The professionals\' need is pointed out to involve in a more intense way the relatives in the treatments and activities directed to the children and teens with cerebral paralysis and that the actions of attendance are more articulate and integrated, trying to supply emotional needs, affective and material, as much of the child as it family.
3

Sociální determinanty zdraví vybraných romských komunit / Social determinants of health in select romani communities

KAJANOVÁ, Alena January 2009 (has links)
This dissertation thesis titled ``Social Determinants of Health in Selected Romany Communities{\crqq} adverts to the issues of relationship between the health condition and social and economic factors, as well as other external or culture-conditioned influences affecting them. I have based my work on the concept of ten social determinants of health by Wilkinson and Marmot (2005). The theoretical section adverts to the interrelation of particular determinants in the Roma communities and the specific role of stress affecting all determinants. Thereat, I have based my study on generally available findings, primarily those acquired from research surveys, against which I have compared the results of my research section. The objective of this presented thesis is to describe the influence of social determinants of health in the wider context of everyday living in selected Roma communities. In doing so, I have primarily focused on impediments to the full participation of the described target population in the living of the majority society due to social exclusion. The target population consists of five multi-generation Romany families from two separate locations. Two families enjoy a higher stratification status (including a representative of the Romany elite) and three live in socially excluded locations. Having considered the specifics of the target population and orientation on the common day of the respondents, I have opted for socio-ethnographic field research, i.e. a qualitative by a research method, with the prevailing technique being participative observation and interviews. Processed research data is presented, alongside discussions, in subchapters following upon the topics of the theoretical part of my thesis, i.e. particular groups of health determinants. The results indicate that it is not only the underprivileged socio-economic conditions that take a share in the worsened health condition of persons living in socially excluded locations but these also involve therefrom originating stressors, which are often specific (symbolic element of social exclusion, alternative sources of livelihood). I also attribute a special meaning to culture-conditioned norms and opinions that, in some cases, bear a negative influence on the health condition via behavioral factors (such as a low number of Roma mothers lactating their children or attitude to the abuse of habit-forming substances). Apart from the identification of the influence proportions breakdown by social determinants of health in Roma communities, I see the benefit of my thesis in its qualitative nature, predestining it for utilization in a wider, longitudinal quantitative research of the target Romany group.
4

Acesso aos servi?os odontol?gicos e incid?ncia de c?rie em adolescentes e fatores de risco em munic?pio do Nordeste Brasileiro, 2006

Noro, Luiz Roberto Augusto 18 April 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizRobertoAN.pdf: 339362 bytes, checksum: c8e88397fe9377768e4a6dfe9e85ecfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-18 / The aims of this study were to analyze the access of dental services by child population, to determine the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion in resident children from the municipal district of Sobral Cear? and to evaluate the incidence of the dental decay in adolescents associated with the factors related to socioeconomic condition, access to health services and self-perception. This study had as main factor the multidisciplinary represented by the participation of health professional (doctors, dentists, nurses) in the development of the survey's initial reference; student from Human Sciences area to apply the structured questionnaire in domiciliary visits; statistics professionals in the orientation of the analysis to be held and family health team (community health agents, dentists and dental clinic assistants) in the scheduling of domiciliary visits and the accomplishment of oral exam. The sample was determined from the domicile record that included children born between 1990 and 1994 to develop the research Children health conditions in the municipal district of Sobral Cear? . The first sample comprised 3425 parents of children from 5 to 9 years old, living in the urban area at the municipal district of Sobral Cear?, aiming at identifying the most important factors associated to the access to dental service. From this sample, 1021 children were selected in a systematic way, for the accomplishment to the epidemiological study of decay, gingivitis and malocclusion. In the study's third phase, in order to arrange the group to be followed, 688 adolescents were examined and interviewed, by means of the active search from the 1021 individuals that had been previously examined. It was observed that 50.9% of the children had access to dental service at least once in a lifetime. Of this total, 65.3% accomplished it during the last year, and 85.4% of these did in public services, what allows to identify the importance of this sector in the access to dental services. It was observed that the factors that most affected the access to dental 129 services were related to socioeconomic condition, such as the access to health plan, the possession of toothbrush, garbage collecting, mother s schooling, sewerage treatment and malnutrition. In relation to oral diseases, an increase in the DMF-T index according the age was observed, from 0.10 in five years old to 1.66 in the nine years old, while with the dmf-t index, the inverse happened, since the index decreased from 3.59 in five years old to 2.69 in nine years old. In relation to gingivitis, an average 32.7% of the children presented gum bleeding. In what concerns malocclusion, it was observed that 60.3% of the children didn't present any problem, 30.17% had light malocclusion and 9.5% severe malocclusion. The average incidence of dental caries was 1.86 teeth per youngster. Among the studied variables, tooth pain in the last six months, mother's income and school snack, adjusted by the perception about the need of treatment, the mother's schooling and the dentist's appointment at least once in a lifetime, were the variables that presented positive relationship with the high incidence of dental caries on this population by logistic regression. Variables of socioeconomic nature, related to the access to health services and behavior and biological variables presented a relationship with the high caries incidence. The study point out to the need of developing health actions in a humanized way, by an oral health team effectively bound to the population's interest, with the great objective to provide, with the public health services managers, adequate conditions to improve oral health / Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram analisar o acesso da popula??o infantil ao servi?o odontol?gico, identificar a preval?ncia de c?rie, gengivite e maloclus?o em crian?as residentes no munic?pio de Sobral Cear? e avaliar a incid?ncia da c?rie dent?ria em adolescentes, associando-a a fatores relativos ? condi??o s?cio-econ?mica, acesso ? servi?os de sa?de e estilo de vida. O presente estudo teve como fator preponderante a multidisciplinaridade representada pela participa??o de profissionais de sa?de (m?dicos, cirurgi?es-dentistas, enfermeiros) na constru??o do referencial inicial da pesquisa, estudantes de cursos da ?rea de Ci?ncias Humanas, na aplica??o do question?rio estruturado para entrevista domiciliar; estat?sticos na orienta??o das an?lises a serem realizadas e equipe de sa?de da fam?lia (agentes comunit?rios de sa?de, cirurgi?es-dentistas e auxiliares de consult?rio dent?rio) no agendamento e realiza??o dos exames bucais domiciliares. A amostra foi definida a partir do cadastro de domic?lios que inclu?a crian?as nascidas entre 1990 e 1994 para desenvolvimento da pesquisa Condi??es de sa?de das crian?as no munic?pio de Sobral Cear? . A primeira amostra foi composta por 3425 pais de crian?as entre 5 e 9 anos de idade residentes no munic?pio de Sobral Cear?, visando identificar os principais fatores relacionados ao acesso a servi?o odontol?gico. A partir desta amostra, foram selecionadas 1021 crian?as, de forma sistem?tica, para realiza??o do levantamento epidemiol?gico de c?rie, gengivite e maloclus?o. Na terceira fase do estudo, visando ? composi??o da coorte a ser acompanhada, foram examinados e entrevistados 688 adolescentes, a partir da busca ativa dos 1021 indiv?duos que haviam sido preliminarmente examinados. Observou-se que 50,9% das crian?as tiveram acesso ao tratamento odontol?gico pelo menos uma vez na vida. Deste total, 65,3% o realizaram no decorrer do ?ltimo ano pesquisado, sendo que 85,4% destes na rede p?blica, o que permite identificar a import?ncia deste segmento no acesso aos servi?os odontol?gicos. Observou-se que os fatores que mais afetaram o acesso ao servi?o odontol?gico foram os vinculados ? condi??o s?cio-econ?mica como acesso ? plano de sa?de, posse de escova dent?ria, coleta de lixo, escolaridade da m?e, tratamento do esgoto e desnutri??o. Em rela??o ?s doen?as bucais observou-se um aumento do CPO-D com a idade, de 0,10 aos cinco anos para alcan?ar 1,66 aos nove anos de idade, ocorrendo o inverso em rela??o ao ?ndice ceo-d, uma vez que aos cinco anos o ?ndice de 3,59 decai para 2,69 aos nove anos. Quanto ?s altera??es gengivais, em m?dia, 32,7% das crian?as apresentavam sangramento gengival. Quanto ? maloclus?o, observou-se que 60,33% das crian?as n?o apresentavam problema, 30,17% apresentavam problemas leves e 9,5% problemas severos de maloclus?o. A incid?ncia m?dia de c?rie foi de 1,86 dentes por adolescente. Entre as vari?veis estudadas, dor de dente nos ?ltimos seis meses, renda da m?e e merenda escolar, ajustadas pela percep??o sobre necessidade de tratamento, escolaridade da m?e e consulta ao dentista pelo menos uma vez na vida, foram as vari?veis que apresentaram rela??o positiva com a alta incid?ncia de c?rie dent?ria desta popula??o, a partir da regress?o log?stica. Vari?veis de natureza s?cio-econ?mica, relativas ao acesso aos servi?os de sa?de, comportamentais e biol?gicas apresentaram rela??o com a alta incid?ncia de c?rie. O estudo aponta para a necessidade de implanta??o de servi?os odontol?gicos vinculados ao desenvolvimento de a??es de sa?de de forma humanizada, desenvolvidas por equipes de sa?de bucal efetivamente vinculadas aos interesses da popula??o, que tenham como grande objetivo proporcionar, junto com os gestores dos servi?os p?blicos de sa?de, condi??es adequadas para melhoria da sa?de bucal

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