Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T08:54:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LidiaFatimaHildebrande_M.pdf: 1076977 bytes, checksum: 052f8d2456edc3dfe2cc9205e63d4127 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Com o declínio da cárie dentária, o estudo de fatores sociocomportamentais no grupo de polarização tornou-se importante objeto de análises em epidemiologia. Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de cárie dentária, identificar os grupos de polarização e verificar os fatores associados à doença cárie dentária em crianças e adolescentes do município de Pirassununga, SP. Metodologia: A coleta de dados foi realizada através de levantamento epidemiológico em 2006, em pré-escolares aos 5 anos (n=113) e escolares aos 12 anos (n= 117) do município de Pirassununga, São Paulo. Foram utilizados os códigos e critérios padronizados pela OMS (1997). Após realizou-se análise de regressão de Poisson entre grupos com presença de cárie dentária (CPOD/ceod > 0) e grupo SIC (Significant Caries Index). Resultados: Aos 5 anos, a média do ceod foi de 2,0 (dp=2,9), e média do SIC 4,0 (dp=3,6) e livres de cárie de 62,8%. Aos 12 anos a média do CPOD foi de 1,2 (dp=1,9) e média do SIC foi de 3,1 (dp=2,4) e 53,8% livres de cárie. As variáveis que se apresentaram associadas à cárie dentária aos 5 anos no grupo com experiência de cárie dentária (ceod>0) foram: ter procurado o dentista por motivo de dor/cárie (p=0,00) e ter como responsável pelo sustento o pai ou a mãe (p=0,053). No grupo de polarização (SIC) foram: frequência de escovação de 1 a 2 vezes ao dia (p=0,052) e ter visitado o dentista no ultimo ano (p= 0,025). Aos 12 anos, no grupo com experiência de cárie dentária (CPOD>0) as variáveis com força de associação foram: meio de transporte ônibus/bicicleta (p= 0,026) e ter faltado à escola por dor/cárie (p=0,011). No SIC as variáveis encontradas foram: meio de transporte ônibus/bicicleta (p=0,034) e ter visitado o dentista no ultimo ano (p=0,023). Conclusão: A maior parte da amostra foi composta por indivíduos livres de cárie o que tornou os dois grupos estudados (indivíduos com experiência de cárie e com alta experiência de cárie) semelhantes. Em aos 5 e 12 anos, ambas as idades, tanto no grupo de polarização como no grupo como um todo, a doença esteve relacionada a fatores comportamentais, socioeconômicos e demográficos / Abstract: With the decline of dental caries study of factors in group social behavior polarization has become an important subject of analysis in epidemiology. Objective: To evaluate the experience of dental caries, identify groups of polarization and identify factors associated with dental caries in children and adolescents in the city of Pirassununga city, SP. Methodology: Data collection was conducted through epidemiological survey in 2006 among preschool children at 5 years (n=113) and school at 12 years (n=117) of the Pirassununga, São Paulo. We used the codes and standardized criteria by WHO (1997). After analysis was performed using Poisson regression between groups with dental caries presence (DMFT/ dmft>0) and SIC group (Significant Caries Index). Results: At 5 years, the mean dmft was 2,0 (sd=2.9), and average SIC 4.0 (sd=3.6) and caries free of 62.8 %. At age 12 the average DMFT was 1.2 (sd=1.9) and mean SIC was 3.1 (sd=2.4) and 53.8% caries free. The variables that were associated with caries had to 5 years in the group with caries experience (dmft> 0) were: having sought the dentist because of pain / caries (p = 0.00) and having to be responsible for supporting the father or mother (p=0.053). In group polarization (SIC) were: frequency of brushing 1-2 times per day (p=0.052) and having visited the dentist in the past year (p=0.025). At age 12, the group with caries experience (DMFT> 0) variables with strength of association was: transportation (p=0.026) and have been absent from school for pain / caries (p=0.011). In SIC variables were: transportation (p=0.034) and having visited the dentist in the past year (p=0.023). Conclusion: The majority of the sample consisted of caries-free individuals that made the two groups (individuals with caries experience and high caries experience) like. In both age groups, in both the polarization and the group as a whole, the disease was related to behavioral factors, socioeconomic and demographic factors / Mestrado / Odontologia em Saude Coletiva / Mestra em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Transforming economic growth into tangible benefits for poor communities appears to have frustrated development practitioners and policy makers. Despite the net positive growth achieved between 1994 and 2014 the face of poverty and inequality remains largely unchanged in South Africa. In such circumstances there is a pressing need for scholars to rethink the social foundations of economic activity and policy (Chang, 2006; Fine, 2001, 2005). One specific line of enquiry that has attracted attention among economists (Stiglitz, 2000; Woolcock, 2001; Fine, 2001) is that of social capital. This thesis seeks understanding of the relationship between social capital and the socioeconomic advancement of poor African/Black residents, particularly those in rural municipalities where there is a lack of financial and other resources. With this in mind, Robert Putnam’s path-breaking theory will be reformulated to explore the relationship during the mid-2000s between social capital, trust, political participation and socioeconomic outcomes in two rural municipalities in the Western Cape province of South Africa, namely Cederberg and Matzikama. The research questions the adequacy of Putnam’s theory of social capital, arguing that it is conceptually simple and inadequate as a description of how membership in social groups (networks) lead to better socioeconomic outcomes in the context of marginal, rural African/Black communities residing in under-capacitated municipalities. The thesis argues that an alternative conceptual framework is required, capable of depicting the complexity of the social processes required to translate social group membership into tangible benefits for poor households, as an explanation of why African/Blacks in Cederberg experienced better socioeconomic outcomes than their counterparts in Matzikama.

New nurse graduates must pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) in order to achieve nursing licensure. In Northern New Mexico associate degree nursing program with a large disadvantaged student population, the average pass rate for the licensure exam often falls below the state board of nursing mandated 80% pass rate. This study's purpose was to evaluate the effect of an NCLEX remediation program on students' ability to pass the NCLEX, using Knowles adult learning theory to guide this work. The research questions investigated the relation between the remedial instruction and the 2 dependent variables KAPLAN predictor scores and NCLEX pass rates. I used a quantitative non-experimental ex post facto design to contrast 2 purposively sampled student cohorts, the cohort from 2017 that did not participate in the remediation program (N = 14) and the cohort from 2018 that participated in the remediation program (N = 27). A t test for independent samples showed that the KAPLAN exam mean scores were significantly higher (t = 4.81, p < 0.001) for the 2018 cohort (M = 66.49, SD = 8.08) than for the 2017 cohort (M = 55.78, SD = 5.94). The Chi-square test showed that the NCLEX pass rates were independent of the remedial instruction (χ2 = 0.58 , p = 0.45 and χ2 = 0.17, p = 0.68 after the Yates correction). Based on the findings and guided by theory, a policy recommendation was formulated for the nursing department's management. The inconclusive results will generate social change by challenging nursing program leaders to discuss why the pass rates did not increase while the Kaplan predictor scores did. Based on this discussion and further research, the remediation program could be improved.

With the increasing advocacy for maintaining a healthy lifestyle in regards to exercise and the average age of the population in the U.S. growing older, there has been an increased incidence of arthritic knee damage as a result of osteoarthritis. Once non-procedural methods of treatment have been exhausted, such as NSAIDs and physical therapy, the most effective therapy to regain previous range of motion and quality of life is total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Additionally, TKA is useful to treat patients with rheumatoid disease once their knees have reached end-stage cartilage damage, although it does not restore function as well in these patients as it does in patients with osteoarthritis. Current technological developments have produced prostheses that mimic physiological movement and allow attachment of components positioned similarly to ligaments in the human knee, providing better longevity and functional recovery from the damaged state. The TKA procedure has become fast-tracked to limit the length of stay for patients and the cost to both the individual and the hospital. Though this change to fast-track procedures has helped limit post-operative complications, such as venous thromboembolism, multiple comorbidities and componentry failure continue to increase the risk of failure or revision of the procedure. With the projected increase in the need for TKAs in the future, it is important to review factors that may influence access and success of this procedure, for example, the effect socioeconomic status has on the ability of different patients to receive quality replacements and experience sustained quality of life. Multiple studies have shown that utilization of TKA differs between low income and high income populations, with racial minority populations undergoing the procedure less often as they represent a greater percentage of low income populations. Interestingly, low income patients report greater improvement in function when compared to high income patients, most likely due to low income patients being admitted with more severe knee damage when compared to the other population. Their satisfaction, along with financial constraints and insurance, are factors that lower the rate of revision for low income populations even though their measured range of motion post-operatively is not as good as that in high income populations on average. Social support has been determined to be a significant factor in determining whether patients will undergo TKA and follow the rehabilitation prescribed to them appropriately. Studies have shown less social support reported from minority groups, but not low income cohorts specifically. Using the current knowledge of the impact these differences in socioeconomic status can have on the outcomes of TKA, can help create healthcare environments which will optimize the success rate of TKA for all patients, regardless of socioeconomic status, and prevent unnecessary strain on the healthcare system due to avoidable post-operative issues. Future studies should determine what policies and procedures can be implemented to help aid patients, such as greater social support, and to support hospitals with limited resources in an effort to improve surgical outcomes.

Many lower socioeconomic status (SES) students at the middle school level in a school district were not achieving academically, and many of their parents were not involved in the school. To assist these parents, this qualitative case study examined the perspectives of lower SES parents of middle school students who were experiencing academic success. The intent of this investigation was to illuminate the parenting practices and involvement that appeared to be effective for this subpopulation. The theoretical framework was Bandura's self-efficacy theory. Research questions focused on lower SES parents' practices that supported their child's academic success. Data were collected through individual interviews with 10 lower SES parents of academically successful middle school students, as indicated by their grade point averages. Data were coded and common themes were identified as keeping clear lines of communication with school, providing encouragement, and keeping parent involvement consistent and persistent. These themes were not unique to this group of parents as anticipated, but they supported findings from the literature. Findings support general recommendations for the local school district for developing a comprehensive plan to encourage consistency and persistence of parental involvement and for training of teachers on increasing parental involvement opportunities. Implications for social change include parents supporting student learning and success and teachers becoming more effective in working with parents on strategies that can support their children academically.

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Thesis advisor: Wen Fan / In recent years, South Korea has come to face a national issue of low fertility. The low fertility rate remains on a declining trajectory, and that South Korea is looking at facing a great population reduction. This thesis aims to explore the reasons behind this phenomenon, through examining the relationships between various socio-economic factors and fertility rate. Data analysis of a preexisting data set was conducted. The results showed that physical health, lifestyle factors, education, and safety of environment demonstrated the strongest relationships with fertility rates, whereas mental health, fear of aging, and perception of healthcare showed weaker associations. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

The term "ghetto" has an ambiguous meaning in American society. The term frequently has been used as either a noun or an adjective. As a noun the term "ghetto" is often used to describe a place - Small describes the ghetto as a: "…a particular type of neighborhood; it exhibits a cohesive set of characteristics, such as deteriorating housing, crime, depopulation, and social isolation…"(2008: 78.) This description as a noun is indicative of unsavory social conditions and climate that fosters an unproductive populace. As an adjective the term remains more difficult to solidly define. The bulk of available research often has worked to define what the "ghetto" is in reference to a physical location. The term seems to be more pervasive than simply being a place; it can be used to describe people, particular behaviors and traits as well as objects. The current study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of what a 'ghetto' is and how the word is used in a variety of ways. This study will analyze the multifaceted applications of the term 'ghetto' and how the term works to promote negative socioeconomic racialized ideologies. This study is pertinent because it addresses issues of institutionalized discrimination and prejudiced language. Findings are predicted to address the manners in which discrimination functions through language usage.

Voting analysts in the United States have attempted to predict political orientation based on race, gender, occupation, educational achievement, and economic background. Yet, the substantial amount of research available on these factors has been directed toward the understanding of the white-majority vote. Now, as a result of the overwhelming growth of ethnic minority populations scholars are beginning to look at the potential decisive role of ethnic minority voters. Part of this newly formed voting bloc consists of Hispanics which are now one of the fastest and largest racial minority groups in the United States. This thesis aims to understand the Hispanic electorate by addressing their social mobility. Furthermore, this research will shed light into the socio-economic factors affecting the political affiliation of Hispanic voters.