Esta tese, utilizando-se do mapa cognitivo Strategic Options Development and Analysis - SODA, se propôs a atender o objetivo nela especificado, ou seja, avaliar a importância do comprometimento organizacional para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA por parte dos quinze Gerentes de uma Instituição Pública Federal, localizada no estado de São Paulo. Os dados que compuserem o mapa cognitivo, foram obtidos por meio de entrevista face a face, no período de maio a novembro de 2015, e de reuniões grupais com os referidos Gerentes, no período de dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016. A utilização do método de estruturação de problemas - Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) - mapa cognitivo - SODA possibilitou investigar, as possíveis incertezas, complexidades e conflitos, voltados para o elemento comprometimento, provenientes da adoção de uma gestão ambiental, por intermédio da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA. O resultado da análise do mapa cognitivo demonstrou a importância do comprometimento organizacional quando da intenção de se adotar um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Diferentemente do entendimento de Barbieri (2007), o presente estudo coloca a importância desse comportamento não somente por parte da alta direção, mas também por parte de toda a equipe a ser envolvida nas atividades concernentes a tal sistema. Permitiu também a construção de um modelo de mensuração do comprometimento em relação ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA. O comprometimento mensurado por meio de referido instrumento, está dividido em dois componentes: afetivo que tem o comprometimento como um apego, como um envolvimento, onde ocorre a identificação com a empresa, funcionários com forte comprometimento afetivo permanecem na empresa porque querem, e normativo o comprometimento como uma obrigação em permanecer na organização, funcionários identificados com esse comportamento permanecem na empresa porque sentem que tem essa obrigação. O modelo de mensuração do comprometimento neste estudo sugerido, a ser validado em estudos longitudinais, permitirá mapear elementos de forma que possam observar tendências. Referido instrumento não foi validado neste estudo, no entanto sugere-se que estudos futuros, por meio de estudos longitudinais procedam sua validação. / This thesis, using the Cognitive Map Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA), is proposed to meet the objective specified therein, i.e. to evaluate the importance of the organizational commitment to the implementation of an Environmental Management System (SGA), by the fifteen Managers of a Federal Public Institution, located in the state of São Paulo. The data composing the cognitive map were obtained through a face-to-face interview, from May to November 2015, and group meetings with the aforementioned managers from December 2015 to March 2016. The use of the Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) SODA cognitive map made it feasible to investigate possible uncertainties, complexities and conflicts, related to the commitment element, from the adoption of the environmental management through the implementation of An Environmental Management System EMS. The results of the cognitive map analysis showed the importance of the organizational commitment, when an Environmental Management System is intended to be adopted. Differently from Barbieri\'s (2007) understanding, the present study places the importance of this behavior, not only by the top management, but also by the whole team to be involved in the activities related to such a system. It, also, allowed the construction of a commitment measurement model in relation to the Environmental Management System - EMS. The commitment measured by this instrument is divided into two components: affective, which has the commitment as an attachment and, even, involvement, where the identification with the company occurs: employees with strong affective commitment remain in the company because they want it and, also, as normative involvement. The commitment is felt as an obligation to remain in the organization: employees identified with this behavior remain in the company because they feel they should do it. The model of commitment measurement in this suggested survey, to be validated in longitudinal studies, will allow elements to be mapped so that trends may be observed. The mentioned instrument was not validated in this study, however, it is suggested that future research, through longitudinal studies, would do it.

Esta tese, utilizando-se do mapa cognitivo Strategic Options Development and Analysis - SODA, se propôs a atender o objetivo nela especificado, ou seja, avaliar a importância do comprometimento organizacional para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA por parte dos quinze Gerentes de uma Instituição Pública Federal, localizada no estado de São Paulo. Os dados que compuserem o mapa cognitivo, foram obtidos por meio de entrevista face a face, no período de maio a novembro de 2015, e de reuniões grupais com os referidos Gerentes, no período de dezembro de 2015 a março de 2016. A utilização do método de estruturação de problemas - Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) - mapa cognitivo - SODA possibilitou investigar, as possíveis incertezas, complexidades e conflitos, voltados para o elemento comprometimento, provenientes da adoção de uma gestão ambiental, por intermédio da implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA. O resultado da análise do mapa cognitivo demonstrou a importância do comprometimento organizacional quando da intenção de se adotar um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Diferentemente do entendimento de Barbieri (2007), o presente estudo coloca a importância desse comportamento não somente por parte da alta direção, mas também por parte de toda a equipe a ser envolvida nas atividades concernentes a tal sistema. Permitiu também a construção de um modelo de mensuração do comprometimento em relação ao Sistema de Gestão Ambiental SGA. O comprometimento mensurado por meio de referido instrumento, está dividido em dois componentes: afetivo que tem o comprometimento como um apego, como um envolvimento, onde ocorre a identificação com a empresa, funcionários com forte comprometimento afetivo permanecem na empresa porque querem, e normativo o comprometimento como uma obrigação em permanecer na organização, funcionários identificados com esse comportamento permanecem na empresa porque sentem que tem essa obrigação. O modelo de mensuração do comprometimento neste estudo sugerido, a ser validado em estudos longitudinais, permitirá mapear elementos de forma que possam observar tendências. Referido instrumento não foi validado neste estudo, no entanto sugere-se que estudos futuros, por meio de estudos longitudinais procedam sua validação. / This thesis, using the Cognitive Map Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA), is proposed to meet the objective specified therein, i.e. to evaluate the importance of the organizational commitment to the implementation of an Environmental Management System (SGA), by the fifteen Managers of a Federal Public Institution, located in the state of São Paulo. The data composing the cognitive map were obtained through a face-to-face interview, from May to November 2015, and group meetings with the aforementioned managers from December 2015 to March 2016. The use of the Problem Structuring Methods (PSMs) SODA cognitive map made it feasible to investigate possible uncertainties, complexities and conflicts, related to the commitment element, from the adoption of the environmental management through the implementation of An Environmental Management System EMS. The results of the cognitive map analysis showed the importance of the organizational commitment, when an Environmental Management System is intended to be adopted. Differently from Barbieri\'s (2007) understanding, the present study places the importance of this behavior, not only by the top management, but also by the whole team to be involved in the activities related to such a system. It, also, allowed the construction of a commitment measurement model in relation to the Environmental Management System - EMS. The commitment measured by this instrument is divided into two components: affective, which has the commitment as an attachment and, even, involvement, where the identification with the company occurs: employees with strong affective commitment remain in the company because they want it and, also, as normative involvement. The commitment is felt as an obligation to remain in the organization: employees identified with this behavior remain in the company because they feel they should do it. The model of commitment measurement in this suggested survey, to be validated in longitudinal studies, will allow elements to be mapped so that trends may be observed. The mentioned instrument was not validated in this study, however, it is suggested that future research, through longitudinal studies, would do it.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Technology: Biological Sciences, M.L. Sultan Technikon, 2002. / The extent of diffusion and surface modification of a purified 23.6 kDa xylanase isolated from Thermomyces lanuginosus on bagasse pulp was evaluated. Polyclonal anti-xylanase antibodies were raised in two rabbits and in conjunction with immunogold labeling and microscopic studies enzyme diffusion and degradation studies were performed. The purity of the xylanase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blots confirmed the antigen-antibody hybrid on the nitrocellulose membrane. / D

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bustamante_tf_me_botfm.pdf: 3625249 bytes, checksum: 92a758c187e8eec63582c316baef9e88 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A ingestão acidental de substâncias cáusticas constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, ocorrendo principalmente na faixa etária pediátrica, sendo a estenose do esôfago uma complicação frequente. A dilatação esofágica é o tratamento de escolha para estes casos. Várias substâncias já foram testadas nos casos refratários à dilatação, porém com resultados insatisfatórios. A mitomicina C, agente quimioterápico capaz de inibir a síntese protéica e a proliferação de fibroblastos, tem sido usada com sucesso em estenoses esofágicas refratárias às dilatações. No entanto, há poucos estudos experimentais descrevendo como a mitomicina C interage com o tecido lesado e qual o melhor momento para o seu uso após a lesão cáustica. Avaliar os efeitos do uso tópico da mitomicina C, associada ou não à dilatação esofágica, aplicada em diferentes momentos após a lesão cáustica do esôfago de ratos com soda cáustica (NAOH 10%). Para efeito de comparação, utilizou-se ratos nos quais se infundiu solução salina (SF0,9%) no esôfago. Quarenta e oito ratos foram divididos em 6 grupos com 8 ratos cada: grupo manipulado ou sham (Gs), grupo controle (Gc), grupo com lesão cáustica e não tratado (Gnt), grupo com lesão cáustica e aplicação de mitomicina C (MMC) logo após a lesão (GmmcD0), grupo com lesão cáustica e aplicação de MMC 14 dias após a lesão (GmmcD14) e grupo com lesão cáustica seguido de dilatação e aplicação de MMC 14 dias após a lesão (Gdil+mmcD14). A lesão cáustica foi produzida seguindo o modelo descrito por Gehanno & Guedon modificado pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa, com NaOH10%. Em 4 momentos de avaliação (7º, 14º, 21º, e 28º dias de pós operatório - PO), todos os animais foram pesados. No 7º e 21º dias de PO, 4 ratos de cada grupo foram submetidos ao exame contrastado de esôfago. No 28º dia de PO... / The accidental ingestion of caustic substances is an important problem of public health, occurring mainly in childhood. The esophageal stricture is a frequent complication and esophageal dilation is the treatment of choice. Many agents have been tested when esophageal dilation is unsatisfactory, although with poor results. Mitomycin C, a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits protein synthesis and the proliferation of fibroblasts, has been used successfully in cases of esophageal stricture that are refractory to dilation. However, there are few experimental studies describing how this substance interacts with damaged tissue and the best time window for its use after caustic injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the topical application of MMC in rats, with or without associated esophageal dilatation, at different moments after the induction of a caustic esophageal lesion by NaOH10%. 48 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 animals each: sham group (SG), control group (CG), injured group but not treated (NTG), injured group with mitomycin C application immediately after the caustic lesion (MMCD0G), injured group with MMC application 14 days after induction of caustic lesion (MMCD14G) and injured group with esophageal dilation and application 14 days after caustic lesion (MMCD14+DILG). The caustic injury was produced as described by Gehanno & Guedon, modified by our group, with NaOH10%. There were 4 moments of evaluation: 7°, 14°, 21° and 28° days after caustic injury, when rats were weighted. At 7° and 21° days after injury, it was performed the esophagograms of 4 rats of each group. On day 28 after caustic injury, all animals were sacrificed, and morphological and histopathological analyses were performed on the esophageal specimens, besides... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The stability of glass is linked to its composition and the atmosphere controls its alteration. The organic pollutants emitted by wooden showcases play a role in the alteration of historic glasses. This study examines the effects of acetic acid, formic acid and formaldehyde on objects from the National Museums of Scotland and on replica glasses aged artificially, all with a soda silicate composition. Composition was determined by electron microprobe and analytical decomposition of the Raman spectra was used to establish correlations between glass structure and composition. This allowed interpretation of the structural variations between bulk and altered glass. The structure of the glasses altered by pollutants is characteristic of an alteration by selective leaching, with transformation of the silicates linked to alkali into silanols, which subsequently underwent condensation reactions to form a more polymerised structure. The SIMS concentration profiles of glass aged in artificial and real atmospheres were used to follow the alteration evolution as a function of time, humidity and pollutant concentration. The water film formed by the humidity at the surface and its acidity control the alteration by leaching of alkali and hydration of the glass. Formaldehyde does not act on the leaching reaction while acids accelerate and amplify it. In mixed polluted atmosphere, formates compounds always predominate in the film even at low formic acid concentration. The humidity and temperature fluctuations in museums maintain the leaching reaction. Knowledge of the harmful effect of organic acid pollutants in the alteration of soda silicate glasses will help improve their conservation.

<p>This dissertation consists of three chapters relating to dynamic demand models of storable goods and their application to taxes that are imposed on soft drinks. Broadly speaking, the first chapter builds the estimation strategy for dynamic demand models of storable goods that allows for unobservable heterogeneous preferences in household's tastes. The second chapter uses the estimation strategy developed in the first chapter to study the policy implications of taxes that are imposed on sugary soft drinks. The last chapter explores and provides an explanation for the level of pass-through for soda taxes. </p><p>To be more specific, the first chapter develops techniques for incorporating systematic brand preferences in dynamic demand models of storable goods. Dynamic demand models are important for correctly measuring price elasticities of products that can be stockpiled. However, most of the literature excludes systematic preferences over consumers' brand tastes. This chapter resolves this issue by incorporating random coefficient Logit models into a dynamic demand framework and hence allows for realistic demand substitution patterns. It builds on Hendel and Nevo's 2006 Econometrica paper, where the authors introduce a model of dynamic demand that flexibly incorporates observable heterogeneity and estimates it via a three-step procedure that separates brand and volume choices. While a powerful tool, this method is tricky to execute. Therefore, this chapter also discusses the difficulties that may face implementers.</p><p>The second chapter predicts the effects of taxes on sugar sweetened soft drinks (sugar taxes) on both total consumption and the welfare of different types of consumers. It specifies and estimates a structural dynamic demand model of storable goods with rational and forward-looking households. It flexibly incorporates persistent heterogeneous consumer preferences and develops a computationally attractive method for estimating its parameters. Sugar taxes have been proposed at both the national and state-level, and passed in three states, as a means of slowing or reversing the growth in obesity and diabetes. To accurately analyze the effects of these policies, this chapter takes two specific aspects of soft drinks into account: storability and differentiation. It compares the results from this model to two benchmark studies: a static model with consumer heterogeneity and a dynamic model without households' persistent heterogeneous tastes. It finds that failing to account for dynamics (i.e. storability) results in overestimated reduction in consumption and failing to account for persistent heterogeneous preferences (i.e. differentiation) results in overestimated reduction in consumption and underestimated welfare loss. The model and method developed here are readily applicable to many studies involving storable goods, such as firms' optimal pricing behavior and anti-trust policies analyses.</p><p>The third and last chapter focuses on the incidence of soda taxes by studying the pass-through level of these taxes. It lays out a framework for thinking about the determinants of the pass-through level. More specifically, it builds theoretical models that examine the pass-through under more complex supply structures with multiple manufactures and retailers. In addition to providing some intuition behind theoretical predictions of the models, this chapter also presents empirical results found in the data along with their implications.</p> / Dissertation

The ocean reanalysis Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) 2.2.4 is used to explore the changes in upwelling from normal conditions to either El Nino or La Nina conditions. Physical and thermodynamic variables from the reanalysis are used to explore the structure and behavior of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The results of this analysis show that sea surface temperature (SST), entrainment velocity, wind stress, mixed layer depth, wind curl, and heat content anomalies are in general agreement with ENSO theory. Interestingly, the distribution of upwelling based on the entrainment velocity is very patchy, which led us to explore zonal and meridional sections of vertical velocity. We used three methods to compute changes in upwelling during ENSO events. The first method computes upwelling within the areas of SST anomalies during ENSO events. During El Nino events upwelling shows prominent decadal variability, while during La Nina the decadal variability is weaker. A new upwelling index is used for the second method, and upwelling is computed in the areas of strong upwelling anomalies. The variability of upwelling is higher in periods of reduced upwelling than in periods of strong upwelling. Despite the fact that the new index is computed independently, it agrees in the timing of the index used to define ENSO events for this research. The first and second methods show that the amplitude of SST anomalies and upwelling anomalies do not have a direct relationship, suggesting that upwelling does not explain all of the variance in SST. The last method used is to compute changes in upwelling in the Nino 1+2 region during ENSO events. In the east Pacific there is almost no correlation between upwelling and SST anomalies during ENSO, but this might be attributed to the fact that the Nino 1+2 region is a relatively small region compared to the Nino 3.4 region that is used to define ENSO events. In general, the time series of SST and upwelling anomalies agree well just in the cases when ENSO events are prominently in the eastern Pacific. A comparison between yearly fisheries data from Ecuador and Peru and monthly data of SST anomalies during ENSO years is presented showing that during El Nino events the fish catch decreases and during La Nina events the fish catch increases. We infer that the increase or decrease in fish catch is associated to changes in fish populations, and that these changes are mainly due to availability of nutrients and changes in temperature during ENSO events.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2006. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T22:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Uma das etapas de produção de soda cáustica a 50% em solução aquosa é a evaporação do licor de células (solução de soda cáustica a 12,9%) produzido nas células eletrolíticas. Um dos equipamentos principais das duas plantas de evaporação da unidade Cloro-Soda da BRASKEM em Alagoas é conhecido como trocador de calor do 1º efeito, que promove o aquecimento (com vapor) do licor cáustico no evaporador do 1º efeito de uma planta de evaporação de soda cáustica de triplo efeito. Ao longo do tempo de operação das plantas, o trocador de calor do 1º efeito apresentou falhas nos seus tubos, ocasionando vazamentos de vapor para o licor cáustico, desconcentrando a solução e inviabilizando a produção. Os tempos de vida dos tubos foram reduzindo a cada campanha, aumentando bastante os custos de manutenção em função da substituição regular do feixe tubular de níquel (Ni200). Os objetivos deste trabalho são: analisar as razões pelas quais a falha acontece, quais motivos a tornaram mais severa com o passar do tempo, caracterizar o modo de falha presente e seus fatores de influência e discutir possíveis soluções para minimização do problema e também de melhor convivência com as políticas de manutenção adequadas à confiabilidade dos equipamentos. Todos os fatos avaliados permitiram concluir que trata-se de um problema relacionado à corrosão e que a influência do projeto mecânico do trocador de calor possui pouca ou nenhuma influência na ocorrência das falhas. / A major step in 50% caustic soda solution production is the concentration of the liquor cell (weak caustic solution 12,9%) produced in electrolitic cells. One of the main equipment in BRASKEM Chlor-Alkali plant is the first effect heat exchanger, what is the equipment which heats (with steam) the caustic liquor in the first effect evaporator in triple effect concentration plant. During the unit operational life, the first effect heat exchanger tubes have failed, causing steam leaking to the caustic liquor, diluting the solution, and reducing production efficiency. The tubs lifetime were becoming lower in each campaing, increasing the maintenance costs, mainly to substitute the nickel (Ni200) tubesheet regularly. The objectives of this research are: analyze the reasons by which the failure happens, what are the motives that increased the severity of the failure, define the failure modes and its influence factors and discuss some possible solutions, and improve the way we manage this problem by adopting optimized maintenance policies based on reliability issues. All the evidences alowed the conclusion that this problem is related to corrosion, and the mechanical design of the heat exchanger has no influence on the failure.

Orientadores: Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva Moris / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nunes_JanainaFerreira_D.pdf: 1733397 bytes, checksum: cf94e9d446e8a6b5e90066cbd82e3c19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O equipamento mais apropriado e utilizado no recobrimento de partículas finas é o leito fluidizado. Entretanto, trabalhos de pesquisa e a prática industrial mostram que, para alguns processos, são necessárias modificações do equipamento convencional para melhorar o regime fluidodinâmico. O emprego de vibração mecânica ao leito fluidizado convencional tem resultado em significativa melhora no desempenho de processos com partículas finas e coesivas, de difícil fluidização. A aplicação de recobrimento em partículas desse tipo (principalmente químicos, fármacos e alimentos) tem adquirido cada vez mais importância industrial, tendo diversas finalidades, como por exemplo, a diminuição da reatividade do material recoberto com o meio externo (luz, oxigênio e água, entre outros agentes). Levando em conta a importância do recobrimento de grânulos finos, a dificuldade de operação dos leitos fluidizados convencionais com esse tipo de partícula e a escassez de estudos deste processo no leito vibrofluidizado, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo da fluidodinâmica e do processo de proteção do bicarbonato de sódio em um leito vibrofluidizado por recobrimento e aglomeração. As seguintes etapas foram executadas: caracterização física do bicarbonato de sódio, estudo da fluidodinâmica em leito fluidizado convencional e vibrofluidizado, análise dos processos de recobrimento e aglomeração por suspensão polimérica em função da amplitude e freqüência de vibração e da temperatura do ar, avaliando o diâmetro médio, índice de Hausner, ângulo de repouso, índice de escoabilidade e liberação de CO2 do produto, além do índice de torrões e massa elutriada no processo. Foram também realizadas análises da eficiência de proteção do produto para diferentes condições de temperatura e umidade relativa do ambiente e do monitoramento do processo utilizando medidas de flutuação de pressão. A fluidodinâmica do material no leito vibrofluidizado resultou em curvas características típicas da literatura e foram determinadas as velocidades de mínima fluidização, vibrofluidização e vibrofluidização completa e de mínima mistura, variando-se a amplitude entre 0 e 2 cm e a freqüência entre 0 e 360 rpm. Foram observadas menores velocidades de fluidização incipiente para o leito vibrofluidizado em relação ao leito fluidizado convencional, além de expressiva melhora na dinâmica em leito vibrofluidizado. O processo de recobrimento foi realizado variando-se a amplitude entre 0 e 2 cm, a freqüência entre 0 e 360 rpm e a temperatura do ar de fluidização entre 60° C e 80° C. Os resultados revelaram a presença de dois mecanismos distintos dependente das condições de operação: recobrimento das partículas individuais por camadas e aglomeração por nucleação, que tiveram como conseqüência uma faixa bastante ampla de crescimento (6,69 % a 44,50 %). O índice de escoabilidade, ângulo de repouso e índice de Hausner foram menores para partículas recobertas comparadas com o bicarbonato de sódio sem recobrimento, indicando melhor fluidez do material após o processo. Foi comprovada a eficiência da proteção do bicarbonato de sódio tanto pelo recobrimento como pela aglomeração, visto que para o bicarbonato processado a perda de CO2 ficou entre 2 % e 9 %, enquanto para o bicarbonato puro essa perda variou entre 5,5 % e 12,5 % nas condições de ambiente estudadas. A análise das isotermas de adsorção confirmou a eficiência de proteção por recobrimento e aglomeração do bicarbonato de sódio, e o modelo de GAB mostrou-se adequado para o ajuste das isotermas de adsorção do bicarbonato de sódio recoberto e aglomerado. Foi também verificada a viabilidade do monitoramento do processo através de medidas de flutuação de pressão em tempo real / Abstract: The most appropriate equipment used in the coating of fine particle is the fluidized bed. However, research studies and industrial practice show that in some cases modifications of the conventional equipment is necessary to maintain its dynamic stability. The use of mechanical vibration in conventional fluidized beds results in significant improvement of the process performance with fine and cohesive particles, which are difficult to fluidize. The coating of fine particles (mainly chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food) is getting more and more industrial importance aiming at different purposes, as for example to decrease reactivity of the material with the environment (light, oxygen and water, among others). Due to the importance of coating of fine particles and the rareness of studies on this process in vibrofluidized beds, this work aims to study the fluid dynamics and coating of sodium bicarbonate in a vibrofluidized bed, passing through the following stages: the sodium bicarbonate physical characterization, fluid dynamic analysis of the material in conventional and vibrofluidized beds, process analysis as a function of amplitude and frequency of vibration, and of the fluidizing air temperature, evaluating the product mean diameter, Hausner index, angle of repose, flowability index and CO2 release, as well as lump index and elutriated mass. Product protection efficiency and analysis of process monitoring using measurements of pressure fluctuation were also carried out. The material fluid dynamics provided characteristic curves typical of the ones found in the literature for vibrofluidized beds. Minimum fluidization, minimum vibrofluidization, minimum complete vibrofluidization and minimum mixture velocities were determined for varying vibration amplitude between 0 and 2 cm and frequency between 0 and 360 rpm. Inferior values were obtained for the vibrofluidized bed incipient velocity, compared to the conventional fluidized bed, and intense movement of the particles with enhancement of the bed dynamics was verified. The coating process was performed for varying vibration amplitude between 0 and 2 cm, frequency between 0 and 360 rpm and temperature of fluidizing air between 60 °C and 80 °C. The results revealed the presence of two distinct mechanisms depending on the operating conditions: layering of individual particles and agglomeration by nucleation, having as a consequence a broad range of particle growth (6.69 % to 44.50 %). The flowability index, angle of repose and Hausner index of the coated particles were smaller compared with uncoated sodium bicarbonate, indicating greater fluidity of the material after processing. The efficiency of protection of sodium bicarbonate by the polymeric coating/agglomeration was demonstrated as CO2 loss was between 2 % and 9 % for processed bicarbonate, while that for the pure bicarbonate ranged between 5.5 % and 12.5 % for the environment conditions analyzed. The analysis of adsorption isotherms confirmed the sodium bicarbonate protection by polymeric coating and agglomeration, and the GAB model was suitable for adjusting the adsorption isotherms of coated and agglomerated sodium bicarbonate. Also, the viability of monitoring the process through on line measures of pressure fluctuation was verified / Doutorado / Engenharia de Processos / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Orientador : Matthieu Tubino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T07:19:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MambrimFilho_Otavio_M.pdf: 7823150 bytes, checksum: 298b0bbcdc0707ae7f0490e996f088a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989 / Mestrado