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Cette recherche a pour objectif de modéliser la complexité des projets pour mieux la maîtriser et, ce faisant, mieux les piloter. Elle s’inscrit ainsi dans une perspective managériale de conduite des projets et d’amélioration de leurs performances. Elle est née de constats convergents sur les limites (théoriques et pratiques) du management de projet dans le contexte contemporain. Elle vise plus particulièrement à réintégrer dans ce pilotage les dynamiques sociales constitutives du projet. Avec elles, c’est donc l’irréductible complexité des systèmes sociaux et des activités concrètes qui s’y déploient ou qu’ils servent qui est réintroduite, permettant alors une autre lecture des problèmes et de leur résolution possible. Plutôt que d’en nier l’existence, la variété ou la variabilité, ces dynamiques sociales sont réintroduites dès les phases amont du projet. Cette réintégration dans une approche systémique du projet est soutenue par une approche méthodologique apte à saisir ces dynamiques et à prendre en compte leurs évolutions. On en escompte des possibilités de simulation, donc de travail sur la base de projections dans des futurs possibles plus à même de servir la conduite du projet et sa réussite. / This research is intended to model project complexity, in an effort to better control its occurrence and, subsequently, improve how complexity is handled. This work addresses a dual management objective of project oversight and performance enhancement; it has been formulated from a series of convergent observations on the limitations (both theoretical and practical) of project management within contemporary settings. The research conducted focuses on reinserting into this management context the social dynamics central to project design. With such dynamics, the inherent complexity of social systems, along with the practical activities implemented or engendered by these systems, gets added back in, thus providing another perspective on the problems raised and their eventual resolution. Rather than denying their existence, variations or variability, social dynamics are reintroduced as of the project's early planning stages. This reintegration step played out in a systemic project approach is bolstered by a methodological approach capable of tracking dynamics and incorporating their evolution. Simulation possibilities also enter into play, offering perspective based on future scenario projections that benefit project management and the chances of project success.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The Asian noodle market is responsible for the increased volume of wheat imported to that region in recent years. Soft white wheat produced in the Pacific Northwest is mainly used for baked products, whereas an Australian wheat, Australian Standard White, is preferred for noodles. To enter this market soft white-wheat cultivars with properties similar to or better than Australian Standard Whitemust be developed. This process is difficult as little is known of the factors that influence noodle quality. The use of grain-protein percentage, kernel hardness, and six viscosity parameters measured by the Rapid Visco Analyzer for predicting Japanese udonnoodle quality was evaluated. The Rapid Visco Analyzer was developed to indicate quickly and reliably the starch properties of a small wheat sample. Experimental material included advanced winter-wheat selections from the Oregon State University wheat-breeding program and Stephens, a widely grown winter-wheat cultivar. Two commercial spring cultivars, Owens and Klasic, thought to have good noodle quality were used as checks as was straight grade flour milled from Australian Standard White wheat. The material was grown at two locations (Rugg and Chambers) which represent diverse environments and management systems. Protein content, kernel hardness, and six viscosity parameters (Peakl, Low, Peak2, Peakl-Low, Peak2-Low, Peakl-Peak2) were measured. A sensoryevaluation panel evaluated the end product for surface appeal, texture, and taste. Within each location differences were found for all traits except protein content at the Rugg site and surface appeal at the Chamber location. Between the two experimental sites the only traits for which no differences were detected were kernel hardness and surface appeal. Significant entry by location interactions were observed for kernel hardness, Peakl- Peak2, and the three sensory-evaluation traits. Kernel hardness and grain-protein percentage were not associated, however both were negatively associated with the viscosity parameters. Associations of grain-protein, kernel hardness, and the viscosity parameters with the sensory evaluation traits were not statistically determined. A softer kernel texture appeared most useful for predicting Japanese udon-noodle quality as determined by sensory evaluation. Grain-protein percentage was not a good indicator by itself, but each cultivar may have a protein-content range within which noodle quality is optimized. This range may be influenced by the kernel texture. The viscosity parameters did not appear useful for predicting noodle quality as determined by the sensory evaluation panel. A more sensitive sensory evaluation method may be required to detect small however important differences and different viscosity parameters should be investigated. Based on the sensory-evaluation data several experimental entries appeared promising in having the desired quality profile for Japanese udon-noodles. / Graduation date: 1994

In order to search for bioactive compounds from the organic extracts of a Formosan soft coral Lemnalia flava fourteen natural compounds, including seven new nardosinane sesquiterpenoids flavalin B-H (1-7), two new nornardosinane sesquiterpenoids flavalins I-J (8-9), along with five known compounds, 2-oxolemnacarnol (10), lemnacarnol (11), armatin F (12), (2R)-2-hydroxylemnal-1(10)-en-12-one (13) and laevinol B (14) were isolated from L. flava. The structures of these compounds were established by the detailed spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1D, 2D NMR) and by comparison of the spectral data with those of the related known compounds. The structure of 1 was unambiguously proven by X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute configuration of 13 was further determined by a modified Mosher's method. The neuroprotective effect compounds of 1¡V3 against the damage of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toward SH-SY5Y cells was also measured. The cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA on SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by pretreatment of 1 at various concentrations. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1¡V13 against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), human colon carcinoma (WiDr), human laryngeal carcinoma (HEp 2), human medulloblastoma (Daoy) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(CCRF-CEM), colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1), human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) and murine leukemia (P388D1) cell lines was studied. The ability of 1¡V13 to inhibit the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2(cyclooxygenase-2) proteins in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells was examined, and it was shown that no cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activity could be found for these compounds.

This dissertation mainly discussed the investigation of three different kinds of Formosan soft corals, Cespitularia hypotentaculata Roxas, C. taeniata May and Junceella juncea, as well as Formosan star-anise, Illicium arborescens Hayata. Their EtOAc extracts were investigated by intensive chromatography. Twenty new natural products were isolated and purified and their biological activities were studied. The chemical investigation of soft coral Cespitularia hypotentaculata and C. taeniata resulted in the isolation of twenty natural products, including ten new natural products, designated as cespihypotins B, W¡VZ (6, 1 ¡V 4), cespihypotone (5), cespitaenins A (10) and F-H (7-9) as well as fourteen know compounds (21-34). Compounds 1-3 were nor-verticillane-type nor-diterpenes. Compounds 4-6 were verticillane-type diterpenes. Cespitaenins A and F (10 & 7) were nor-verticillane-type nor-diterpenes. Cespitaenins G and H (8 & 9) were verticillane-type diterpenes. Three new briarane-type natural products, juncenolides L-N¡]11-13¡^ toghther with and one know compound (35) were isolated from Junceella juncea. The study of Formosan star anise, Illicium arborescens Hayata has afforded seven new compounds (14-20). Two of them were stereoisomer, named 2,3-dide- hydro-5-O-methyl-11-epiillifunone E (14) and 2,3-Didehydro-5-O-methylillifunone E (15). The others were 8,9-secoprezizaane-type sesquiterpenes (16-20). All the structures of above compounds were elucidated by physical and spectroscopic analyses (IR, mass, UV, optical rotation and NMR), and also by comparisions with the published data. Cytotoxicity and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were measured by Dr. Yao-Haur Kuo of National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine and Dr. Tsong-Long Hwang of Chang Gung University. The biological activities of compounds against MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), Doay (Human medulloblastoma), WiDr (Human colon adenocarcinoma), Hela (Human cervical epitheloid carcinoma) cell lines and effects of compounds on superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to FMLP/CB. were tested. The effects of compounds 9-12 on superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to FMLP/CB were 6.19, 6.72, 7.56 and 6.72 respectively. The IC50 of compounds 14 and 19 against MCF-7, Doay, WiDr and Hela were 9.0, 7.1, 11.2, 10.9 and 5.1, 6.3, 10.9, 6.24 £gg/mL, respectively.

Abstract Investigation on the chemical constituents of EtOH extract of the Formosan soft coral Sinularia grandilobata, collected off the Kenting coast, has led to the isolation of six cembrane-type diterpenoids, grandilobatins A-F (1-6), and four steroids, sinugrandisterols A-D (7-10). All metabolites 1-10 are new natural products. The structures of 1-10 were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and by comparison of the related spectral data with those of related metabolites in literatures. The cytotoxicity assays of compounds 1-10 against the growth of cell lines, including MDA-MB-231(human breast cancer cell), MCF 7 (human breast cancer cell), Hep G2 (human liver carcinoma), and A-549 (human lung carcinoma), were carried out. The result showed that compound 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Compounds 7 and 8 showed moderate cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cells and exhibited weak cytotoxicity against A-549 and MCF 7 tumor cells. Compound 9 showed weak cytotoxicity against A-549 and MCF 7 tumor cells.

In order to discover and develop new drug from soft corals and gorgonian corals of Taiwan, we have searched the bioactive metabolites from the organic extracts of three soft corals Nephthea chabrolii, Sinularia manaarensis, Sinularia leptoclados, and one Gorgonian of Briareum genus. This study had led to the isolation of fifty-five natural products (1¡V55), including seventeen new meroditerpenoid-related metabolites (1¡V7 and 9¡V18), two new C18 terpenoid¡Vrelated carboxylic acids (20 and 21), three new sesquiterpenoidalnatural products (22¡V24), and two new steroids (26 and 27), along with three known compounds (8, 19, and 25) from N. chabrolii; nine new cembrane-type diterpenoids (28¡V36), along with two known cembranolides 37 and 38 from S.manaarensis; five new sesquiterpenoids (39¡V43), one steroid (47) isolated for the first time from natural sources and three known metabolites (44¡V46) from S. leptoclados; and three new briarane-type derivatives (48¡V50) and five known briarane-type compounds (51¡V55) from Briareum sp. The structures of metabolites 1¡V55, including their stereochemistries have been established by detailed spectroscopic analyses, particularly mass, 2D NMR (1H¡V1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopy and by comparison with the related physical and spectral data form other known compounds. The relative configuration of metabolite 39 was further confirmed by X-ray single-crystal analysis. Furthermore, the biosyntheses of meroditerpenoids 1, 4, 11, and 20 were proposed. To the best of our knowledge, the incorporation of a methyl group of the related meroditerpene to form a naphthoquinone as discovered herein for the first time. In above metabolites, two compounds (2 and 10) were found to exhibit significant inhibition against the growth of MCF 7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 tumor cells at 20 £gg/mL. Also, compound 2 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the growth of MDA¡VMB¡V231cancer cell line, and moderate to weak cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and A-549 cancer cell lines and metabolite 10 exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxicity toward MDA¡VMB¡V231, Hep G2 and A-549 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, Two cembranolides (34 and 35) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against Hepa59T/VGH, KB, Hela, and Med cell lines.

Thesis (M.A.): Guo li Zhengzhi da xue qi ye guan li yan jiu suo. / Cover title. Mimeo. copy. Includes bibliographical references.

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