В работе на основе анализа мероприятий для обеспечения надежности строительных конструкций при особых воздействиях, а также анализа конструкций, воспринимающих динамические нагрузки и анализа факторов, обеспечивающих их надежность на стадии проектирования, с учетом основных положений расчета строительных конструкций по предельным состояниям проведен расчет по предельным состояниям; представлена классификация нагрузок; проведен анализ возможностей и функций ПК «Лира-САПР» и обзор теорий и критериев прочности и устойчивости, заложенных в ПК; проведен учебный расчет гипотетического здания производственного объекта на воздействие ударной волны от взрыва железнодорожного вагона со взрывчатым веществом. / In the work, based on the analysis of measures to ensure the reliability of building structures under special influences, as well as the analysis of structures that perceive dynamic loads and the analysis of factors ensuring their reliability at the design stage, taking into account the main provisions of the calculation of building structures for limit states, a calculation for limit states was carried out; the classification of loads is presented; an analysis of the capabilities and functions of the PC "Lira-CAD" and a review of theories and criteria of strength and stability inherent in the PC; a training calculation of a hypothetical building of a production facility on the impact of a shock wave from an explosion of a railway car with an explosive was carried out.

<p dir="ltr">Nature has been shown to build environments to drive specific reactivity across boundaries; multiphase systems, for example, have been shown to drive reactions that would otherwise not occur in bulk, continuous phases. Within this work, we show how multiphase environments are essential in driving specific reactivity at phase boundaries and offer unique physicochemical and electrochemical opportunities that are usually inaccessible in continuous phases alone. Here, we present several diverse approaches toward harnessing observed interfacial phenomena to study and take advantage of three-phase systems. Firstly, we demonstrate precise manipulation of nucleation at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE)|electrode interface through electrode geometry adjustment, resulting in selective precipitation of ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH). Cyclic voltammetry and numerical simulations elucidate this phenomenon's physico-chemical foundations, enabling localized precipitation and reactivity control. Secondly, we introduce a novel mechanism for emulsion formation driven by interfacial solute flux induced via phase transfer agents. Systematically exploring phase combinations and ion interactions, we elucidate the microscopic mechanisms governing droplet formation and propose design principles for tailored emulsion synthesis. Furthermore, leveraging current-driven ion flux, we achieve emulsification across oil|water interfaces, offering control over droplet size and charge. This low-energy, robust method presents an efficient alternative to traditional emulsification techniques. Additionally, we demonstrate facile electrodeposition of gold nanorings at water|oil interfaces, enabled by spontaneous emulsification facilitated by quaternary ammonium salts. We further demonstrate deposition parameters for control over nanoring array characteristics, offering a streamlined approach to nanoring fabrication. Finally, we introduce biphasic electrodeposition as a versatile method for fabricating ultra-high aspect ratio gold nanowires. By manipulating antagonistic metal salt interactions at liquid|liquid interfaces, we achieve precise control over nanowire geometry and positioning, opening new avenues for nanowire synthesis with enhanced simplicity and versatility.</p>

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An application software package implementation is a complex endeavour, and as such it requires the proper understanding, evaluation and redefining of the current business processes to ensure that the project delivers on the objectives set at the start of the project. Numerous factors exist that may contribute to the unsuccessful implementation of application software package projects. However, the most significant contributor to the failure of an application software package project lies in the misalignment of the organisation’s business processes with the functionality of the application software package. Misalignment is attributed to a gap that exists between the business processes of an organisation and what functionality the application software package has to offer to translate the business processes of an organisation into digital form when implementing and configuring an application software package. This gap is commonly referred to as the information technology (IT) gap. The purpose of this assignment is to examine and discuss to what degree a supporting framework such as the Projects IN Controlled Environment (PRINCE2) methodology assists in the alignment of the organisation’s business processes with the functionality of the end product; as so many projects still fail even though the supporting framework is available to assist organisations with the implementation of the application software package. This assignment proposes to define and discuss the IT gap. Furthermore this assignment will identify shortcomings and weaknesses in the PRINCE2 methodology which may contribute to misalignment between the business processes of the organisation and the functionality of the application software package. Shortcomings and weaknesses in the PRINCE2 methodology were identified by: • Preparing a matrix table summarising the reasons for application software package failures by conducting a literature study; Mapping the reasons from the literature study to those listed as reasons for project failure by the Office of Government Commerce (the publishers of the PRINCE2 methodology); • Mapping all above reasons to the PRINCE2 methodology to determine whether the reasons identified are adequately addressed in the PRINCE2 methodology. This assignment concludes by proposing recommendations for aligning the business processes with the functionality of the application software package (addressing the IT gap) as well as recommendations for addressing weaknesses identified in the PRINCE2 methodology. By adopting these recommendations in conjunction with the PRINCE2 methodology the proper alignment between business processes and the functionality of the application software package may be achieved. The end result will be more successful application software package project implementations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket implementering is komplekse strewe en vereis daarom genoegsame kennis, evaluasie en herdefiniëring van die huidige besigheidsprosesse om te verseker dat die projek resultate lewer volgens die doelwitte wat aan die begin van die projek neergelê is. Daar bestaan talryke faktore wat kan bydrae tot die onsuksesvolle implementering van toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket projekte. Die grootste bydrae tot die mislukking van toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket lê egter by die wanbelyning van die organisasie se besigheidsprosesse met die funksionaliteit van die toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket. Wanbelyning spruit uit gaping tussen die besigheidsprosesse van `n organisasie en die funksionaliteit wat die toepassingsprogrammatuur kan aanbied om die besigheidsprosesse van 'n organisasie om te skakel in digitale formaat wanneer `n toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket geimplementeer en gekonfigureer word. Daar word gewoonlik na hierdie gaping verwys as die informasie tegnologie (IT) gaping. Die doel van hierdie opdrag is om te evalueer en bespreek in watter mate ondersteunende raamwerk soos die PRojects IN Controlled Environment (PRINCE2) metodologie kan help om die organisasie se besigheidsprosesse in lyn te bring met die funksionaliteit van die eindproduk; aangesien so baie projekte steeds misluk ten spyte van die ondersteunende raamwerke wat beskikbaar is om organisasies by te staan met die implementering. Die opdrag beoog om die IT gaping te definieer en te bepreek. Verder sal hierdie opdrag die swakhede in die PRINCE2 metodologie, wat moontlik die volbringing van behoorlike belyning tussen die besigheidsprosesse en die funksionaliteit van die toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket belemmer, identifiseer. Swakhede en tekortkominge in die PRINCE2 metodologie is as volg geïdentifiseer: • Voorbereiding van matriks-tabel wat die redes vir toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket mislukking deur middel van die uitvoering van literatuurstudie opsom • Koppeling van die redes bekom deur middel van die literatuurstudie met die redes vir projek mislukking geidentifiseer deur die Office of Government Commerce (uitgewers van die PRINCE2 metodologie) • Koppeling van al die bogenoemde redes na die PRINCE2 metodologie om vas te stel of die redes wat geïdentifiseer is voldoende deur die PRINCE2 metodologie aangespreek word. Die opdrag sluit af met aanbevelings om die besigheidsprosesse in lyn te bring met die funksionaliteit van die toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket en aanbevelings vir swakhede wat in die PRINCE2 metodologie geïdentifiseer is aan te spreek. Behoorlike belyning tussen besigheidsprosesse en die funksionaliteit van toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket kan behaal word indien hierdie aanbevelings aangeneem word en tesame met die PRINCE2 metodologie gebruik word. Die eindresultaat is meer suksesvolle implementering van toepassingsprogrammatuurpakket projekte.

Структурирована существующая методика расчета подкрановых балок и проанализировано влияние дефектов на напряженно-деформированное состояние подкрановых балок. / The existing method of calculating crane beams is structured and the effect of defects on the stress-strain state of crane beams is analyzed.