Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington Eduardo Xavier Guerra.pdf: 517213 bytes, checksum: e4312a4c04b742d7d293d503e16d7494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / In the western region of São Paulo state the cultivation of brassica plants it is commonly indicated B application at planting, because of the lack of information about this element in its type of soil. The objective of this study was to observe the reaction of B dosages in the culture of canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) in Red Sandy Latosol in the Western São Paulo state. The experimental design was a completely randomized type, under a factorial 2 x 4 with 4 replications (two cultivars and four dosages of B). It was evaluated two different cultivars: Hyola 401 and Hyola 76. The concentration of Boron (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 and 2,0 kg B ha-1), was calculated by using boric acid - PA reagent, applied directly to the soil. The biometric parameters analyzed involved: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, number of branches, production of seeds per plant, seeds moisture content, 1000 grain weight, germination, seed oil content and accumulation of nutrients. All of them were subjected to the analysis of variance by F test, and comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% significance, and polynomial regression analysis through statistical programs. The results indicated that the culture of canola responded doses of B in the parameters of grain weight plant-1, root dry mass and oil percentage to grow Hyola 76. The Hyola 401 had the highest percentage of germination with 0,5 kg B ha-1. But Hyola 76 showed higher germination percentage than Hyola 401. Ratings among the cultivars Hyola 76 had a better performance in all biometric parameters regarding Hyola 401. / Na região oeste do estado de São Paulo para plantas do grupo das brássicas é indicada aplicação de B no plantio, em virtude da carência de informações sobre aplicação de B no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da cultura da canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) à doses de B em Latossolo Vermelho Arenoso na região oeste paulista. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com 4 repetições (dois cultivares e quatro doses de B), avaliando dois cultivares, Hyola 401 e a Hyola 76. As doses de Boro em forma de ácido bórico P.A foram de (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 kg B ha-1) aplicados no solo. Os parâmetros biométricos analisados foi a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, número de ramificações, massa de sementes por plantas, massa de mil grãos, germinação, teor de óleo e acúmulo de nutrientes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, comparação das médias pelo de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e também á análise de regressão polimonial por meio de programa estatístico. Os resultados indicaram que a cultura da canola respondeu as doses de B nos parâmetros de massa de grão planta-1, massa seca da raíz e na porcentagem de óleo para o cultivar Hyola 76. A Hyola 401 apresentou a maior porcentagem de germinação com 0,5 kg B ha-1. Mas a Hyola 76 apresentou maior porcentagem de germinação que a Hyola 401. Nas avaliações entre os cultivares a Hyola 76 teve um melhor desempenho em todos os parâmetros biométricos em relação à Hyola 401.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vanessa.pdf: 120962 bytes, checksum: 839afa7d1f8c4096e34599f35f567186 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-28 / The objective of this work was to evaluate different sources of phosphorus fertilization in association with organic matter in sugarcane crop. The experiment was conducted in Penápolis, northwest region of the Sao Paulo state, Penapolis during 2006/2007 agricultural year with RB 72454 genotype. Six treatments were done with phosphorus sources for the crop in soluble, reactive and natural form being this last source supplied in three doses associated with organic matter. The phosphate fertilization was applied in the ridge during the sowing. Crop was conducted following the rules for the region. The complete randomized blocks design was used with four repetitions. The following characteristic were studied: sugarcane tillering was at 90 days, growth and absorption of phosphorus by the plant at 180 days, soil soluble phosphorus at 360 days and yield at twelve months old crop. Results indicated that there was no influence of phosphate fertilization in crop tillering, whereas the treatment that received fertilization with reactive phosphate increased the number of internodes in the plant at 180 days. Treatments that had received fertilization with soluble phosphate and natural phosphate in 200 dose kg per hectare provided significant increments in foliar P concentration at 180 days. Concentration of phosphorus in soil was increased with fertilization using reactive e natural phosphate in association with organic matter. The results of productivity of the culture showed that the use of different sources of phosphorus in the culture did not modify significantly the production of the year sugarcane / Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes fontes de adubação fosfatada e sua associação com matéria orgânica, na adubação da cana-de-açúcar (cana de ano), foi conduzido experimento em Penápolis, região noroeste de SP, durante os anos de 2006 / 2007, utilizando-se a variedade RB 72454. Foram realizados seis tratamentos utilizando-se como fontes de fósforo para a cultura os fosfatos: solúvel, reativo e natural, sendo esta última fonte fornecida em três doses associadas com composto orgânico. O adubo fosfatado foi aplicado no sulco durante o plantio. A cultura foi conduzida seguindo os tratos culturais recomendados para a região. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foi avaliado o perfilhamento aos 90 dias; o crescimento e absorção de fósforo pela planta, aos 180 dias; a disponibilidade de fósforo no solo e o rendimento final aos doze meses de idade. Não houve influência da adubação fosfatada no perfilhamento da cana, mas o tratamento que recebeu a adubação com fosfato teve reativo, aumentou o número de entrenós na planta aos 180 dias do plantio. Os tratamentos que receberam a adubação com fosfato solúvel e com fosfato natural, na dose 200 kg por hectare, proporcionaram incrementos significativos quanto a teores de fósforo no tecido foliar aos 180 dias. Os teores de fósforo disponíveis no solo aos 360 dias, após o plantio, foram incrementados pelos tratamentos com fosfato reativo e natural em maiores doses associados à de matéria orgânica. Os resultados na produtividade da cultura mostraram que a utilização de diferentes fontes de fósforo no plantio não alteraram significativamente a produção de cana-de-açúcar

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giovana_Posdefesa 01_10_corrigido.pdf: 983760 bytes, checksum: 074cf78bd206957da41bcdea59101dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / The fertility and microbial activity in soil have been often used to indicate changes in soil quality. The microbial activity directly interacts with environmental conditions, soil types and different agricultural production systems used. Despite advances in this area, it is still a great challenge to define good indicators of soil quality, their interactions and behavior over time. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the current state of soils under pastures in the western region of São Paulo using the evaluation and correlation of the microbial attributes and soil fertility. We performed on 108 soil samples, collected in settled pastures, analysis of thirteen variables in a laboratory within the microbial attributes, fertility and soil texture. The findings of the evaluation of the microbial demonstrated that microbial biomass had the lowest coefficient of variation, normal distribution of frequency and significantly correlated with most variables analyzed, on the other side, within the attributes of fertility of the soil, pH had the lowest rate variation while the phosphorus content demonstrated large variations with disproportionately high frequency among other variables, indicating the current status of soil degradation. The soil microbial biomass can be considered a good indicator for microbiological evaluation in these soils. The principal component analysis demonstrated that 51% of the variation was concentrated in the axis 1 and 2, which is considered representative for multivariate environmental assessment / A fertilidade e a atividade microbiana em solo têm sido utilizadas com frequencia para indicar mudanças na qualidade do solo. A atividade microbiana interage diretamente com as condições ambientais, classes de solo e diferentes sistemas de produção agrícola utilizados. Apesar dos avanços nesta área ainda é um grande desafio a definição de bons indicadores de qualidade do solo, suas interações e comportamento ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o estado atual de solos sob pastagens na região oeste paulista utilizando-se da avaliação e correlação de atributos microbiológicos e de fertilidade do solo. Foram realizadas em 108 amostras de solos, coletadas em áreas de pastagens estabelecidas, análises de treze variáveis em laboratório, dentro dos atributos microbiológicos, de fertilidade e granulométrico do solo. Os resultados encontrados na avaliação dos atributos microbiológicos demonstraram que a biomassa microbiana apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação, distribuição normal de freqüência e correlação significativa com a maioria das variáveis analisadas, por outro lado dentro dos atributos de fertilidade do solo o pH apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação enquanto que o teor fósforo apresentou grande variação com freqüência desproporcional indicando junto com outras variáveis o estado atual de degradação do solo. A biomassa microbiana do solo pode ser considerada como bom indicador para avaliação microbiológica nestes solos. A análise de componentes principais apresentou que 51% da variação concentrou-se dentro do eixo 1 e 2 o que é considerado representativa para avaliação ambiental multivariada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington Eduardo Xavier Guerra.pdf: 517213 bytes, checksum: e4312a4c04b742d7d293d503e16d7494 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / In the western region of São Paulo state the cultivation of brassica plants it is commonly indicated B application at planting, because of the lack of information about this element in its type of soil. The objective of this study was to observe the reaction of B dosages in the culture of canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) in Red Sandy Latosol in the Western São Paulo state. The experimental design was a completely randomized type, under a factorial 2 x 4 with 4 replications (two cultivars and four dosages of B). It was evaluated two different cultivars: Hyola 401 and Hyola 76. The concentration of Boron (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 and 2,0 kg B ha-1), was calculated by using boric acid - PA reagent, applied directly to the soil. The biometric parameters analyzed involved: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, number of branches, production of seeds per plant, seeds moisture content, 1000 grain weight, germination, seed oil content and accumulation of nutrients. All of them were subjected to the analysis of variance by F test, and comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% significance, and polynomial regression analysis through statistical programs. The results indicated that the culture of canola responded doses of B in the parameters of grain weight plant-1, root dry mass and oil percentage to grow Hyola 76. The Hyola 401 had the highest percentage of germination with 0,5 kg B ha-1. But Hyola 76 showed higher germination percentage than Hyola 401. Ratings among the cultivars Hyola 76 had a better performance in all biometric parameters regarding Hyola 401. / Na região oeste do estado de São Paulo para plantas do grupo das brássicas é indicada aplicação de B no plantio, em virtude da carência de informações sobre aplicação de B no solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da cultura da canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) à doses de B em Latossolo Vermelho Arenoso na região oeste paulista. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o delineamento inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 com 4 repetições (dois cultivares e quatro doses de B), avaliando dois cultivares, Hyola 401 e a Hyola 76. As doses de Boro em forma de ácido bórico P.A foram de (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 kg B ha-1) aplicados no solo. Os parâmetros biométricos analisados foi a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz, número de ramificações, massa de sementes por plantas, massa de mil grãos, germinação, teor de óleo e acúmulo de nutrientes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F, comparação das médias pelo de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e também á análise de regressão polimonial por meio de programa estatístico. Os resultados indicaram que a cultura da canola respondeu as doses de B nos parâmetros de massa de grão planta-1, massa seca da raíz e na porcentagem de óleo para o cultivar Hyola 76. A Hyola 401 apresentou a maior porcentagem de germinação com 0,5 kg B ha-1. Mas a Hyola 76 apresentou maior porcentagem de germinação que a Hyola 401. Nas avaliações entre os cultivares a Hyola 76 teve um melhor desempenho em todos os parâmetros biométricos em relação à Hyola 401.

Orientador: Zacarias Xavier Barros / Resumo: O uso de ferramentas computacionais e da tecnologia desenvolvida por ferramentas do sensoriamento remoto para o mapeamento e estimação da fertilidade do solo são importantes para o desenvolvimento de áreas com práticas agrícolas. O emprego da técnica por meio da análise espacial pode proporcionar melhorias no manejo do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a fertilidade dos solos da Fazenda Experimental Lageado que pertence a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas- UNESP, localizada na cidade de Botucatu/São Paulo através dos atributos do solo e as bandas espectrais do vermelho, verde e azul do Vant (Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado) e do satélite LandSat- 8. Neste contexto, o atributo do solo é essencial para entendermos a sua fertilidade. Foi utilizado um conjunto de amostras de solos com 52 amostras para correlacionar com as respostas espectrais dos solos nos comprimentos de onda do visível, para a geração do modelo. Os dados foram separados em três áreas e apresentaram coeficientes de correlação variam entre -0,58 a 0,56 para imagens de Vant entretanto para as imagens de satélites foram correlações fracas. Para o Vant os preditores mais correlacionados ph e matéria orgânica. Os resultados obtidos pela análise de regressão r² foram considerados baixos, sendo não indicado não espacialização e a geração do modelo de fertilidade. / Abstract: The use of computational tools and the technology developed by remote sensing tools for mapping and estimating soil fertility are important for the development of areas with agricultural practices. The use of the technique through spatial analysis can provide improvements in soil management. The objective of this work was to estimate the fertility of the soils of the Experimental Lageado Farm which belongs to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu / São Paulo through the soil attributes and the spectral bands of the red, green and blue of the drone and the LandSat- 8 satellite. In this context, the soil attribute is essential to understand its fertility. A set of soil samples with 52 samples was used to correlate with the spectral responses of the soils in the visible wavelengths, for the generation of the model. The data were separated into three areas and showed correlation coefficients ranging from -0.58 to 0.56 for drone images however for satellite images they were weak correlations. For Vant, the most correlated predictors are ph and organic matter. The results obtained by the r² regression analysis were considered low, with no spatialization and the generation of the fertility model being indicated. / Doutor

Thesis (M. Sc. Agriculture (Soil Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The activity and functional diversity of micro-organisms contribute to the stability and productivity of agro-ecosystems. Soil micro-organisms and enzyme activities have been suggested as potential indicators of soil quality. Hence, management practices that can enhance microbial diversity and enzyme activities are essential for improving soil health and soil fertility status. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of compost maturity age on the change in bio-quality indicators of compost and compost amended soil. Cattle manure-rich compost was prepared through thermophilic windrow composting using cattle manure and wood chips mixed at a proportion of 4:1 (w/w) to achieve a C:N ratio of 30:1. This compost was sampled at regular intervals of 30 days after the initiation of the composting process until 150 days when it was finally cured. Compost samples of varying degrees of maturity age were air-dried, pulverised and mixed with 1.2 kg surface soil at an equivalent rate of 100 kg P ha-1. Each compost amended soil was transferred into well labelled plastic pots for incubation. Sampling of incubated amended soils was performed at 7 days interval until 42 days; and the samples were used for microbial count, enzyme activity, and mineralisation assessments. Data generated were analysed as factorial experiment using SYSTAT package. Treatment and interaction effects were evaluated using Fisher protected least significant difference at probability level of 5%. Results of the chemical composition of the different composts are similar and comparable. Variation in compost maturity date, incubation time and their interaction exerted significant effects on the measured microbial counts and enzyme activities as bio-quality indicators. The content of bacteriameasured was consistently highest at each sampling date followed by the actinomycetes while fungi population count remained persistently lowest. Bacteria and β-glucosidase represent the dominant microbe and enzyme, respectively in all compost samples taken at different maturity age.The highest count of actinomycetes (6.18 CFU g-1), bacterial (6.73 CFU g-1) and fungi (3.06 CFU g-1) were obtained during the 42-day incubation period.Of all the enzyme activities studied, β-glucosidase content was consistently highest in all compost samples across the sampling dates. Similarly, the highest concentration of ß-glucosidase (3076 mg kg-1 hr-1), phosphatase (1480 mg kg-1 hr-1), dehydrogenase iv (120.07 μg INF g-1 2hr-1) and urease (26.15 mg kg-1 2hr-1) were obtained during the 42-day incubation period. The highest microbial counts and enzyme activities were reached beyond 19 days after incubation. Maximum Bray P1 (20.10 mg kg-1), ammonium N (108 mg kg-1) and nitrate N (189 mg kg-1) were obtained at 42, 14 and 42 days after incubation, respectively. The measured temporal change in the concentrations of bio-quality parameters in the compost-amended soils were highest in compost sampled at 90 days, except for phosphatase, indicating the peak of the thermophilic process. The bio-quality parameters of these composts and the compost amended soil were influenced by compost maturity and incubation time. The uses of mature compost with desirable level of bio-quality indicators are crucial for fertility management and improved soil health. Keywords: Compost maturity, enzyme activities, microbial count, nutrient release, soil fertility

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第22865号 / 地環博第204号 / 新制||地環||39(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)准教授 真常 仁志, 教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 藤井 滋穂 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

The principal objective of this project was to evaluate the short-term effects of CBW incorporation into soil in terms of soil fertility, plant growth and soil microbiology. Treatments consisted of a control, standard woodchip treatment (incorporation rate of 150m3/ha), woodchip + woodland litter incorporation treatment (woodland litter incorporation of 10-20g/m2), woodchip + fertiliser treatment (KNO3 applied at 50kgN/ha at start and a continuous fertiliser application treatment) and double woodchip treatment. Standard soil NO-3 tests were conducted to determine soil fertility. To assess plant growth and development, plant DW, S:R DW and plant K levels were measured Finally, microbiological analyses were carried out through serial dilutions and plate counts, with in-depth microscopy. Results indicated that there were obvious differences between treatments throughout the study period. In all measurements, woodchip treatments were found to have significantly lower values than the control. The exception to the rule was the WC + fertiliser treatment (continuous complete nutrient fertiliser application), which showed comparable results with the control. The addition of woodland litter did not seem to affect any of the soil fertility, plant growth or microbial measurements. The differences between the unfertilised woodchip treatments and the control were explained by a general nutrient deficiency resulting from a ‘dilution effect’ to soil nutrients by adding woodchips. This was further exacerbated by immobilisation of nutrients from the micro-organisms in the soil.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the organic N in silty clay loam soil as an indicator of soil fertility. The incubation method was used in this study. The N03 -N, the total N percent, and the organic matter were determined. The soil which was used in this study came from Evans Research Farm. The samples were taken from two different N experiments which were adjacent to each other. The soil samples were taken in October-November, 1973, after the crop had been harvested. These two experiments had different cropping histories. The results of the first experiment which had continuous corn for four years indicated that there was no correlation between the mineralizable-N and the crop performance, but there was a good correlation between the No3 -N and crop yield. The results of the second experiment which had alfalfa for three years prior to corn indicated that there was a good correlation between N03-N and the crop performance and also there was a correlation between mineralizable-N and crop performance. It was concluded that cropping history could be used as a guideline as to whether mineralizable-N should be tested as an indication of soil N availability. In situations where the cropping history is unknown, N03-N could be used exclusively since it was a good fertility predictor in both of these field experiments.

No description available.