Orientadores: Marcelo Moraes Guzzo e Pedro Cunha de Holanda. / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T12:12:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdiviesso_GustavodoAmaral_D.pdf: 2795816 bytes, checksum: 93e348ecdbd1623e5c6992f732c0af14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos o modelo para violação do princípio da equivalência (VEP) em neutrinos solares e de reatores. Este modelo já foi considerado como uma solução promissora ao problema do neutrino solar (PNS), mas foi descartado por não ser capaz de explicar os dados referentes a neutrinos solares e anti-neutrinos de reatores, com um mesmo conjunto de parâmetros físicos. O modelo de mistura massa-sabor em conjunto com o efeito MSW tem se mostrado como único capaz de explicar todos os dados disponíveis na área. Novos limites para a violação do princípio da equivalência podem ser obtidos para neutrinos solares e de reatores, considerando agora um modelo combinado entre a hipótese de mistura massa-sabor e o modelo de VEP. Nossa análise mostra uma tendência favorável a duas soluções conjuntas onde os efeitos de VEP praticamente não alteram neutrinos solares: uma em que a escala de massa dos neutrinos de reatores permanece inalterada e outra onde tal escala cai levemente, se aproximando do resultado para o ajuste somente dos dados solares. A solução conjunta aponta para o seguinte conjunto de parâmetros: | f D g | = 9,12 + 0,97 -0,78 × 10-21, tan 2 q = 0,478 +0,040-0,038 e D m2 = 6,63 ± 0,31 × 10-5 eV 2 (77,7% C.L.) e | f D g | = 1,91+0,84 -0,61× 10-21, tan 2 q = 0,478+0,040-0,038 e D m2 = 7,73 +0,17-0,20 × 10-5 eV 2 (77,7% C.L.). Ambas soluções melhoram o nível de confiança com relação à solução MSW (tan2 q = 0,462+0,043-0,036 e D m2 = 7,75+0,16-0,12 x 10-5 eV2, 73,1% C.L.) Um limite superior para VEP foi obtido como sendo |f D g | £ 1,3 ×10-20(3 s ) sobre a solução MSW. / Abstract: In this work, we studied the model for the violation of the equivalence principle (VEP) on solar and reactor neutrinos. This model was already considered as a promising solution to the solar neutrino problem (SNP), but was abandoned because it wasn¿t able to explain all the data with a single set of physical parameters. The mass- avor mixing model, together with the MSW effect has been shown to as the only model able do explain all the available data. New limits for the VEP are obtained for solar and reactor neutrinos, considering a combined model, with the mass- avor mixing hypothesis and the VEP model. Our analysis shows two solutions were the VEP effects practically don¿t change the solar sector: one where the mass scale of the reactor sector remains the same and another one where this scale falls slightly, becoming closer to the solar solution. The combined solution points to the following set of parameters: a "higher vep" | f D g | = 9,12 + 0,97 -0,78 × 10-21, tan 2 q = 0,478 +0,040-0,038 and D m2 = 6,63 ± 0,31 × 10-5 eV 2 (77,7% C.L.) and a "lower vep" | f D g | = 1,91+0,84 -0,61× 10-21, tan 2 q = 0,478+0,040-0,038 e D m2 = 7,73 +0,17-0,20 × 10-5 eV 2 (77,7% C.L.). Both solutions increases the confidence level when compared with the MSW solution (tan2 q = 0,462+0,043-0,036 and D m2 = 7,75+0,16-0,12 x 10-5 eV 2, 73,1% C.L.) A superior limit has also been obtained for VEP: |f D g | £ 1,3 ×10-20(3 s ) over the MSW solution. / Doutorado / Física das Particulas Elementares e Campos / Doutor em Ciências

No description available.

Within cosmology, there are two entirely independent pillars which can jointly drive this field towards precision: Astronomical observations of primordial element abundances and the detailed surveying of the cosmic microwave background. However, the comparatively large uncertainty stemming from the nuclear physics input is currently still hindering this effort, i.e. stemming from the 2H(p,γ)3He reaction. An accurate understanding of this reaction is required for precision data on primordial nucleosynthesis and an independent determination of the cosmological baryon density. Elsewhere, our Sun is an exceptional object to study stellar physics in general. While we are now able to measure solar neutrinos live on earth, there is a lack of knowledge regarding theoretical predictions of solar neutrino fluxes due to the limited precision (again) stemming from nuclear reactions, i.e. from the 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction. This thesis sheds light on these two nuclear reactions, which both limit our understanding of the universe. While the investigation of the 2H(p,γ)3He reaction will focus on the determination of its cross- section in the vicinity of the Gamow window for the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the main aim for the 3He(α,γ)7Be reaction will be a measurement of its γ-ray angular distribution at astrophysically relevant energies. In addition, the installation of an ultra-low background counting setup will be reported which further enables the investigation of the physics of rare events. This is essential for modern nuclear astrophysics, but also relevant for double beta decay physics and the search for dark matter. The presented setup is now the most sensitive in Germany and among the most sensitive ones worldwide.

The neutrino is, by its nature, an elusive particle that requires massive detectors with small backgrounds to capture a handful of events. Nevertheless, neutrino experiments stand at the heart of the current mysteries of particle physics and astrophysics. These include the origin and size of neutrino mass, the existence of additional types of neutrinos, CP violation and the matter--antimatter asymmetry, the amount of metals in the Sun's core, and the existence of non-nuclear energy sources in the Sun. This dissertation concerns the the use of a novel detector technology, the Raghavan Optical Lattice (ROL), in the Low-Energy Neutrino Spectrometer (LENS) and Neutrino Lattice (NuLat) experiments. LENS will measure the solar neutrino luminosity and the Sun's core metallicity using a ROL with indium-loaded liquid scintillator. NuLat will probe the existence of light sterile neutrinos with masses of $ \sim 1\,\mathrm{eV} $ using a ROL made from $ ^{6}\mathrm{Li} $-loaded plastic scintillator. For LENS we present an overview of the experiment and the present the ROL construction results from the LENS R\andD program. In particular we will present results from the micro- and mini-LENS prototypes. For both LENS and NuLat we present the development of an event reconstruction algorithm for ROLs and we apply these to the expected signals for these experiments. For NuLat we present an overview of the experiment including its theory of operation and its sensitivity to sterile neutrino oscillations. Finally, we present work toward the full-sized NuLat detector through bench-top tests and construction of the NuLat demonstrator. / Ph. D.

Esta tese apresenta uma análise estatística detalhada dos dados de experimentos com neutrinos solares mais recentes, com duas diferentes soluções para oscilações de neutrinos, ambas caracterizadas por um grande comprimento de oscilação. A primeira baseada no mecanismo de oscilação padrão, ou seja, induzida por massa, sendo esta estudada nos casos de duas e três gerações e dentro do regime de quase-vácuo. E a segunda, uma exótica, que usa como mecanismo de oscilação uma possível violação do princípio de equivalência, que foi analisada somente para o caso de duas gerações, sendo este discutido para transições entre neutrinos ativos, e entre neutrinos ativos e estéreis. Nossos resultados mostraram que ambas soluções são consistentes com os dados de neutrinos solares e, também, no caso específico do quase-vácuo, observamos que a hipótese de três gerações ficou desfavorecida. / This thesis presents a well detailed statistical analysis using the recent data from solar neutrino experiments. This analysis was done in the framework of two different solutions of neutrino oscillations, both characterized by a long oscillation wavelength. The first was based on the standard mass induced oscillation mechanism, here we worked in the scheme of two and three neutrino generations within the quasivacuum regime. The second was an exotic mechanism, where the neutrino oscillation is due to a possible breakdown of the equivalence principle, this alternative was analyzed only for two neutrino generations, in the cases for the conversion among active neutrino and active to sterile neutrino. Our results show a good agreement between the solar neutrino data and both solutions, also in the specific case of quasivacuum, we found that the hypothesis for the three neutrino generation is disfavored.

Esta tese apresenta uma análise estatística detalhada dos dados de experimentos com neutrinos solares mais recentes, com duas diferentes soluções para oscilações de neutrinos, ambas caracterizadas por um grande comprimento de oscilação. A primeira baseada no mecanismo de oscilação padrão, ou seja, induzida por massa, sendo esta estudada nos casos de duas e três gerações e dentro do regime de quase-vácuo. E a segunda, uma exótica, que usa como mecanismo de oscilação uma possível violação do princípio de equivalência, que foi analisada somente para o caso de duas gerações, sendo este discutido para transições entre neutrinos ativos, e entre neutrinos ativos e estéreis. Nossos resultados mostraram que ambas soluções são consistentes com os dados de neutrinos solares e, também, no caso específico do quase-vácuo, observamos que a hipótese de três gerações ficou desfavorecida. / This thesis presents a well detailed statistical analysis using the recent data from solar neutrino experiments. This analysis was done in the framework of two different solutions of neutrino oscillations, both characterized by a long oscillation wavelength. The first was based on the standard mass induced oscillation mechanism, here we worked in the scheme of two and three neutrino generations within the quasivacuum regime. The second was an exotic mechanism, where the neutrino oscillation is due to a possible breakdown of the equivalence principle, this alternative was analyzed only for two neutrino generations, in the cases for the conversion among active neutrino and active to sterile neutrino. Our results show a good agreement between the solar neutrino data and both solutions, also in the specific case of quasivacuum, we found that the hypothesis for the three neutrino generation is disfavored.

<p>This thesis is devoted to the study of neutrino physics in general and the study of neutrino mixing and oscillations in particular. In the standard model of particle physics, neutrinos are massless, and as a result, they do not mix or oscillate. However, many experimental results now seem to give evidence for neutrino oscillations, and thus, the standard model has to be extended in order to incorporate neutrino masses and mixing among different neutrino flavors.</p><p>When neutrinos propagate through matter, the neutrino mixing, and thus, also the neutrino oscillations, may be significantly altered. While the matter effects may be easily studied in a framework with only two neutrino flavors and constant matter density, we know that there exists (at least) three neutrino flavors and that the matter density of the Universe is far from constant. This thesis includes studies of three-flavor effects and a solution to the two-flavor neutrino oscillation problem in matter with an arbitrary density profile.</p><p>Furthermore, there have historically been attempts to describe the neutrino flavor transitions by other effects than neutrino oscillations. Even if these effects now seem to be disfavored as the leading mechanism, they may still give small corrections to the neutrino oscillation formulas. These effects may lead to erroneous determination of the fundamental neutrino oscillation parameters and are also studied in this thesis in form of damping factors.</p>

Orientador: Marcelo Moraes Guzzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T11:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdiviesso_GustavodoAmaral_M.pdf: 1768172 bytes, checksum: d1861e9e1805a2a55abc030dde4bf22b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é produzir um texto didático que sirva como base para alunos de física, ao ingressarem na área da fenomenologia de neutrinos. Introduz-se o modelo de mistura de neutrinos no vácuo, baseado no conceito de superposição de estados. Mostra-se que esta hipótese leva ao fenômeno da oscilação de sabor, o qual se propõe ser uma solução para o problema do neutrino solar. Mostra-se que a oscilação que ocorre no vácuo entre o Sol e a Terra não pode explicar os dados experimentais, sendo necessária a inclusão dos efeitos da matéria solar. O meio solar leva a uma alteração nas previsões devido a efeitos de ressonância. O conjunto de fenômenos que ocorrem devido a presença e à distribuição do meio solar, chamado efeito MSW, leva à verdadeira solução do problema do neutrino solar. Faz-se um ajuste simples no modelo, encontrando o melhor ajuste aos dados de SuperKamiokande. Com o modelo ajustado, mostra-se a concordância com os dados de Homestake / Abstract: The subject of this work is to produce a didactic text that can be used by physics students as a basis when incoming on the neutrinos phenomenology area. We introduce the neutrinos mixing model in vacuum, based on the concept of state superposition. We show that this hypothesis leads to avor oscillation phenomenon, the one is proposed to be a solution to the solar neutrino problem. We show that vacuum oscillations between the Sun and the Earth cannot explain the experimental data, making necessary the inclusion of solar matter effects. The solar medium leads to modifications on the predictions because of resonance effects. The set of phenomenon that takes place due to the presence and to the distribution of solar medium, called MSW effect, leads to the real solution of the solar neutrino problem. We make a simple fit on the models parameters, finding the best fit to de SuperKamiokande data set. With the model fitted, we show that it agrees with Homestake data / Mestrado / Teoria Geral das Particulas e Campos / Mestre em Física

This thesis is devoted to the study of neutrino physics in general and the study of neutrino mixing and oscillations in particular. In the standard model of particle physics, neutrinos are massless, and as a result, they do not mix or oscillate. However, many experimental results now seem to give evidence for neutrino oscillations, and thus, the standard model has to be extended in order to incorporate neutrino masses and mixing among different neutrino flavors. When neutrinos propagate through matter, the neutrino mixing, and thus, also the neutrino oscillations, may be significantly altered. While the matter effects may be easily studied in a framework with only two neutrino flavors and constant matter density, we know that there exists (at least) three neutrino flavors and that the matter density of the Universe is far from constant. This thesis includes studies of three-flavor effects and a solution to the two-flavor neutrino oscillation problem in matter with an arbitrary density profile. Furthermore, there have historically been attempts to describe the neutrino flavor transitions by other effects than neutrino oscillations. Even if these effects now seem to be disfavored as the leading mechanism, they may still give small corrections to the neutrino oscillation formulas. These effects may lead to erroneous determination of the fundamental neutrino oscillation parameters and are also studied in this thesis in form of damping factors. / QC 20101124

This thesis is devoted to the theory and phenomenology of neutrino physics. While the standard model of particle physics has been extremely successful, it fails to account for massive neutrinos, which are necessary to describe the observations of neutrino oscillations made by several different experiments. Thus, neutrino physics is a possible window for exploring the physics beyond the standard model, making it both interesting and important for our fundamental understanding of Nature. Throughout this thesis, we will discuss different aspects of neutrino physics, ranging from taking all three types of neutrinos into account in neutrino oscillation experiments to exploring the possibilities of neutrino mass models to produce a viable source of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The emphasis of the thesis is on neutrino oscillations which, given their implication of neutrino masses, is a phenomenon where other results that are not describable in the standard model could be found, such as new interactions between neutrinos and fermions. / QC 20100630