Published Article / The world is increasingly being misused by its inhabitants by the wasteful manner that its resources are utilized and the amount of pollution that is generated in the environment. This practice is unsustainable and it is incumbent on the present generation of decision-makers to rectify this phenomenon if our descendants are to have an opportunity to live life in the same manner as we do. Special emphasis should be placed on a reduction in the amount of air pollution that is created by electrical power generating plants, as well as the manner in which potable water is utilized and wasted. In this article the local situation with respect to the generation and use of electrical energy and water is discussed. It is encouraging to see that the National Government is taking strong steps to address these problems. Yet, it might not have the required ability to finance these efforts fully.

Bakalauro darbo tikslas - sukurti bei sukonstruoti testinį saulės elektrinės parametrų stebėjimo sistemos prototipą. Buvo sukurti du elektroninės įrangos įrenginiai, parašytos dvi programos (įrenginio valdymo ir duomenų apdorojimo kompiuteryje). Sistemos pagrindą sudaro AtMega168 mikrovaldiklis, per SPI sąsają renkantis duomenis iš matavimo įrenginių ir per LAN juos perduodantis į kompiuterį apdorojimui ir saugojimui. Kompiuterio programinė įranga veikia dvigubo serverio principu: priima matavimo įrenginio siunčiamus duomenis per UDP portą ir, kitame procese, per TCP portą aptarnauja interneto užklausas, gražindama pagal šabloną sugeneruotą tinklapį su naujausiais apdorotais duomenimis. / The objective of bachelor’s project was to design, build and test prototype of a Solar Power Plant Monitoring system. Two hardware pieces and two software (monitoring program for PC and firmware for hardware) items were designed. System is based on AtMega168 microcontroller collecting data from via SPI bus attached measurement device and transmitting collected data to PC software via LAN for processing, displaying and saving the data. PC software works as dual server: receives data from hardware using and, in separate process, services requests from internet users, returning webpage template with most recent processed data.

Fotoelektrinių modulių (FEM) efektyvumas paprastai įvertinamas esant standartinėms tyrimo sąlygoms, tačiau jų veikimas esant realioms lauko sąlygoms yra labai svarbus siekiant kuo tiksliau numatyti jų efektyvumą ir pagaminamos elektros energijos kiekį. / The efficiency of photomodules is evaluated at standard test conditions, but in real conditions their operation is very important in order to foreseen the efficiency and generated energy.

In recent years, there are increasingly getting into a fore issues of renewable energy sources. According to its availability, the Sun is currently the best source of energy, which is in the meaning of mankind needs inexhaustible. This work describes photovoltaic as a profitable investment. It offers complete instructions on how to work towards your own photovoltaic system. The work provides us through all the steps from searching a suitable location to building. This work describes the legal conditions, the requirements of banks and at the end it focuses on most important interactions of input parameters for the monitoring of cash flow for our own investment.

The thesis called "The Future of Solar Power Plants in the Czech Republic" is oriented to the characteristics of production of electric energy in solar power plants which are supported by many legislative incentives. We are currently standing in the situation of reducing energy tariffs for production of electricity from solar power plants in most European countries because of their unbearable impact on consumers and national budgets. The aim of this thesis is to analyze impacts of the energy tariffs for solar energy and to explain increase of installed capacity of solar power plants by forming a model for calculating financial return of an investment in construction of solar panels. The thesis points out that the incentives are still very high and interest in construction of solar power plants will probably endure even in the future as long as these favorable legislative conditions are set. This situation will result in bringing more additional costs for the end-users of electric energy.

Tato diplomová práce analyzuje současnou situaci ve firmě v oblasti projektového řízení při výstavbě solární elektrárny. A pokusí se na základě norem a metodik projektového řízení navrhnout konkrétní kroky, které povedou ve firmě ke zlepšení řízení projektů. Práce je rozdělena do dvou hlavních částí - teoretické a praktické. První část popisuje společnost ZTC Holding SE a zabývá se teoretickými základy řízení projektů, je zde definován management a jeho funkce, řízení projektu, popis projektu, popis činnosti projektového manažera a jeho týmu. V této části je také teorie časové analýzy projektu, včetně metody Critical Path Method (CPM) a Ganttova diagramu. Druhá část se zaměřuje na analýzu vnějšího prostředí pomocí analýzy PESTLE, analýzy SWOT a analýzy vnitřního prostředí 7S. Tato část také pojednává o přesném vymezení projektu, jeho cílů, které jsou definovány metodou SMART. Tato část končí definováním konkrétních rizik, která se mohou vyskytnout během životního cyklu projektu. Závěr diplomové práce je zaměřen na celkové hodnocení navrhovaných postupů, které by měly zlepšit výkonnost ZTC Holding, SE.

abstract: The object of this study was a 26 year old residential Photovoltaic (PV) monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) power plant, called Solar One, built by developer John F. Long in Phoenix, Arizona (a hot-dry field condition). The task for Arizona State University Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory (ASU-PRL) graduate students was to evaluate the power plant through visual inspection, electrical performance, and infrared thermography. The purpose of this evaluation was to measure and understand the extent of degradation to the system along with the identification of the failure modes in this hot-dry climatic condition. This 4000 module bipolar system was originally installed with a 200 kW DC output of PV array (17 degree fixed tilt) and an AC output of 175 kVA. The system was shown to degrade approximately at a rate of 2.3% per year with no apparent potential induced degradation (PID) effect. The power plant is made of two arrays, the north array and the south array. Due to a limited time frame to execute this large project, this work was performed by two masters students (Jonathan Belmont and Kolapo Olakonu) and the test results are presented in two masters theses. This thesis presents the results obtained on the north array and the other thesis presents the results obtained on the south array. The resulting study showed that PV module design, array configuration, vandalism, installation methods and Arizona environmental conditions have had an effect on this system's longevity and reliability. Ultimately, encapsulation browning, higher series resistance (potentially due to solder bond fatigue) and non-cell interconnect ribbon breakages outside the modules were determined to be the primary causes for the power loss. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.Tech Electrical Engineering 2013

Renewable energy resources in the Czech Republic, especially photovoltaics, have experienced a great boom in the past few years. The investment in the photovoltaic plants has been and will be a very promising field for investors unless too many legislative barriers are adopted to make the investments unattractive. This diploma thesis therefore elaborates a real world business case of a solar power plant. Within the business case a sensitivity analysis is being made to evaluate the influences of external factors that may have a major impract on the effectiveness and returnability of the project. Conclusions made in the analysis help to make the desicion whether to realize or not to realize the project.

Um die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Solarkraftwerken zu verbessern, sollte geprüft werden, inwieweit eine geschmolzene Mischung aus Natriumchlorid und Aluminiumchlorid als Wärmetransportflüssigkeit in Frage kommt. Aufgrund der Hydrolyseempfindlichkeit solcher Schmelzen kommt es durch Einwirkung von Wasser zur Bildung von Chlorwasserstoff sowie Aluminiumoxidchloriden, die in einem geschlossenen System zu einem Druckanstieg bzw. Ausfällungen führen können. Der Gesamtdruck über schwach basischen NaCl-AlCl3-Schmelzen wird durch eine hohe HCl-Löslichkeit herabgesetzt, sodass aus der Bilanz heraus ein Hydrolysegrad von ca. 50 % angenommen werden kann. Für die wassermengenabhängige Verfolgung des Druckes diente eine statische Methode mit einem Drucksensor. Der Oxidgehalt wurde voltammetrisch durch Titration mit TaCl5 und die HCl-Löslichkeit durch eine Elutionsmethode ermittelt. Für Informationen zum Lösungszustand der Hydrolyseprodukte wurden 1H- und 27Al-NMR-Spektren von hydrolysierten Schmelzen aufgenommen.

Present state analysis of photovoltaic in Europan union is aim of this semestral thesis. First part is focused on technical aspects - principals, components and applications. However economics, policy and development aspects are primary objective. Research of Europan comission targets in 2020 and feasible of meeting them are assessed by two various scenarios. To analyse microenvironment and macroenvironment SWOT nad PEST analysis are used. These analysis are focused for investors who wants to participate in the development of photovoltaic in Europan union.