High population density and the presence of many more motorcycles than cars make the noise environment in Taiwan different from that in other countries. There is growing concern about the electromagnetic effects within this environment. The electromagnetic environment is unique and the information about radio noise is not sufficient at this time. The interference of wireless communication system may be caused by the noise environment. Thus, we need to consider the influence that the noise causes. With the measured radio noise, the minimum suggested receive power in an urban environment ranges from 354 MHz to 426 MHz. It is analyzed by the means of Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), Amplitude Probability Distribution (APD), Noise Amplitude Distribution (NAD), Pulse Duration Distribution (PDD), Pulse Spacing Distribution (PSD) and Average Crossing Rate (ACR). We measured the properties of noise at an urban center, a nearby port, and a freeway exit, which are located in the same city, and on a hill lying adjacent to the city. We chose an urban center and a nearby hill as the noise environment for the following reasons: (a) The noise margin at urban areas is smaller than that at suburban and rural areas. (b) The coverage of the measurement on a hill is larger than that in a city. (c) The relation of the noise environment between a hill and an urban center can be obtained. The statistical distributions of the four particular noise environments are shown and design constraints for a broadcasting system are revealed. Secondly, we also provide a technology for designing miniature Rogowski coils on glass substrates to obtain current sensors for high operating frequencies in this thesis. The coils are useful for measurement of a small current on a microstrip line at high frequencies. In our experiments, a 50 Ohm microstrip line is driven by an input voltage of 100 mV. A frequency as high as 6 GHz has been used. The highest frequency is limited by the oscilloscope available to us. Geometric effects of the device were investigated to obtain the sufficient output voltage at high frequencies. The induced output voltage can approach approximately 7 mV by modifying the structure of Rogowski coils. At the same time, On-chip solenoid inductors for high frequency magnetic integrated circuits are proposed. The eddy current loss was reduced by dividing the inductor into three consecutive inductors connected in series. The inductor has an inductance of 1.1 nH and the maximum quality factor (Qmax) of 50.5. The self-resonant frequency and the operating frequency at Qmax are greater than 17.5 GHz and 16.7 GHz, respectively.

After nearly a decade of development, human-implantable sensors for detection of muscle activity have recently been demonstrated in the literature. The implantable sensors are powered and communicate wirelessly through the skin using coupled inductor coils. The focus of the present work has been the development of a new approach to modeling the inductively coupled link by using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate a three-dimensional representation of the coils and surrounding magnetic field. The validity of the simulation is tested by comparison to analytically-developed formulas for self-inductance, ac resistance and mutual inductance of the coils. Determination of these parameters is necessary for calculation of the coupling coefficient between the coils, and to fully define the lumped circuit model of the link. This 3D FEM approach is novel and attractive because it is able to encompass physical geometric parameters and material properties that have been traditionally been a challenge to determine. In particular the contribution of a ferrite-core, and the case of non-symmetrical relative coil positioning can be evaluated. / Graduate