The law of bone remodeling, commonly referred to as Wolff's Law, asserts that the internal trabecular bone adapts to external loadings, reorienting with the principal stress trajectories to maximize mechanical efficiency, thereby creating a naturally optimum structure. The primary objective of the research was to utilize an advanced structural optimization algorithm, called design space optimization (DSO), to create a numerical framework to perform a micro-level three-dimensional finite element bone remodeling simulation on the human proximal femur and analyze the results to determine the validity of Wolff's hypothesis. DSO optimizes the layout of material by iteratively distributing it into the areas of highest loading, while simultaneously changing the design domain to increase computational efficiency. The result is a "fully stressed" structure with minimized compliance and increased stiffness. The large-scale computational simulation utilized a 175µm mesh resolution and the routine daily loading activities of walking and stair climbing. The resulting anisotropic human trabecular architecture was compared to both Wolff's trajectory hypothesis and natural femur data from the literature using a variety of visualization techniques, including radiography and computed tomography (CT). The remodeling predictions qualitatively revealed several anisotropic trabecular regions comparable to the natural human femurs. Quantitatively, the various regional bone volume fractions from the computational results were consistent with CT analyses. The strain energy proceeded to become more uniform during optimization; implying increased mechanical efficiency was achieved. The realistic simulated trabecular geometry suggests that the DSO method can accurately predict three-dimensional bone adaptation due to mechanical loading and that the proximal femur is an optimum structure as Wolff hypothesized. The secondary objective was to revise this computational framework to perform the first in-silico hip replacement considering micro-level bone remodeling. Two different commercially available hip prostheses were quantitatively analyzed using stress, strain energy, and bone mineral density as performance criteria and qualitatively visualized using the techniques above. Several important factors for stable fixation, determined from clinical evaluations, were evident: high levels of proximal bone loss, distal bone growth, and medial densification. The results suggest the DSO method can be utilized for comparative prosthetic implant stem design, uniquely considering post-operation bone remodeling as a design criterion. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-08-16 15:30:55.144

, funcional, , espacio, eco-amigable, bebé, apartamento, muebles para bebés, cuna, . Multifunctional crib, functional, , space, eco-friendly, baby, , baby furniture, crib, . / Varias familias recién conformadas con la llegada de un primer hijo tienen como primera toma de decisión optimizar el espacio del cuarto del bebé frente a la presencia de apartamentos con áreas cada vez más reducidas. Dentro de esta toma de decisión identificamos como problema común la decisión de compra sobre los muebles para el cuarto del bebé, lo que buscan es en lo posible optimizar el espacio reducido que tienen en el cuarto y junto con ello revisan el costo y beneficio que le genera principalmente la compra de la cuna para el bebé. El objetivo de este negocio es ofrecer un producto que ayude a las familias a solucionar el problema del espacio reducido del cuarto del bebé en un apartamento, donde no solo podrá optimar espacio con nuestro producto, sino que también ahorrará el gasto a futuro que suele generar cuando se realiza el cambio de una cuna por una cama, dado que nuestro producto aparte de ser una cuna multifuncional, también se convierte en 5 piezas funcionales (cama de una plaza, una cómoda, un velador, una repisa y escritorio), ayudando de esta forma a la optimización de espacio y también a la economía del núcleo familiar. Finalmente, otro objetivo de nuestro producto es contribuir a la protección del medio ambiente, por lo que utilizamos como principal material la melanina, el cual está hecho de material eco-amigable. / Several newly-formed families with the coming of a first child have as their first decision to optimize the space of the baby's room in front of the presence of apartments with increasingly small areas. Within this decision-making, we identify as a common problem the purchase decision on the furniture for the baby's room, what they are looking for is to optimize the reduced space they have in the room, and together with this they review the cost and benefit that It mainly generates the purchase of the crib for the baby. The objective of this business is to offer a product that helps families solve the problem of reduced space in the baby's room in an apartment, where you will not only be able to optimize space with our product, but will also save the future expenses that it usually generates when changing a crib for a bed, since our product, apart from being a multifunctional crib, also becomes 5 functional pieces (single bed, chest of drawers, nightstand, shelf and desk), helping to this way to the optimization of space and also to the economy of the family nucleus. Finally, another objective of our product is to contribute to the protection of the environment, which is why we use melanin as the main material, which is made of eco-friendly material. / Trabajo de investigación