<p>The objective of this study was to assess coronal discoloration due to four commonly used endodontic sealers with gutta-percha, using spectrophotometric analysis. Extracted human teeth were obturated with the experimental sealers and GP. The sealers that were tested included AH Plus, EndoRez, and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer. The teeth were maintained in a moist environment at 37 C. Immediate pretreatment readings of the crowns of the extracted teeth with a spectrometer were used as baseline data. Subsequent readings were taken every two weeks for two months. Results were analysed using Wilcoxson Signed Rank sum test and Kruskal Wallis test.</p>

Techniques of colour measurement and colour reproduction are important in a wide range of commercial and social activities in most modern economies. Their study thus constitutes one of the major areas of interest to the CIE. The project described in this thesis began as an outgrowth of studies of new types of light sources and of the colorimetry of colour-TV systems; plus a conviction that modern TV cameras can operate effectively with a wide range of different illuminating spectra. It was soon evident that two important prerequisites for this research were: an understanding of the processes of human colour vision; and a knowledge of the standard, international, colorimetric terminology of the CIE. These topics are discussed fully in the text. Also included is a review of modern gas-discharge lamps, the~y properties, and their applications. Both high-pressure (HID) types and low-pressure (fluorescent-tube) types are considered. Because of the need to measure the colours of surfaces and their TV reproductions as accurately as possible, various forms of colorimeter were examined, leading to the choice of a spectrophotometer system for this work. The design, construction, and evaluation of an original spetrophotometer system (the UND Spectrophotometer) are described fully in the text. Finally, attention is given to the operation of a television system under nonstandard lighting. Twelve different light sources were evaluated as TV ((taking" illuminants, using both subjective and colorimetric methods of assessment. The experimental results tend to confirm that colorimetric methods are unsuited to colour reproduction evaluation, and that subjective methods are more meaningful. A subjective scale of colour reproduction performance was established, and it was found to correlate closely with the CIE general colour rendering index (Ra) for the various test lamps. The work reported herein predates similar experiments with TV lighting by other workers, and it includes a wider range of light sources. In spite of differences in experimental technique, however, there is broad agreement with their general results. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1987.

<p>The objective of this study was to assess coronal discoloration due to four commonly used endodontic sealers with gutta-percha, using spectrophotometric analysis. Extracted human teeth were obturated with the experimental sealers and GP. The sealers that were tested included AH Plus, EndoRez, and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer. The teeth were maintained in a moist environment at 37 C. Immediate pretreatment readings of the crowns of the extracted teeth with a spectrometer were used as baseline data. Subsequent readings were taken every two weeks for two months. Results were analysed using Wilcoxson Signed Rank sum test and Kruskal Wallis test.</p>

PURPOSE: To determine the potential discoloration of provisional materials by exposure to beverages and evaluate the efficacy of simulated tooth-brushing on stain removal and the effect on surface roughness. METHODS: Materials included: Jet Set-4 (Lang), Protemp Plus (3M ESPE), Luxatemp (DMG), Artbloc (Merz), Telio-CAD (Ivoclar), and Vita-CAD (Vita). Specimens (n=10/group) were immersed in: distilled water, coffee, red wine, tea, coke and cranberry juice. Color measurements were taken (Xritei5 spectrophotometer) at: baseline, 24 hours, 4 and 8 weeks. Specimens in coffee and red wine for 8 weeks were exposed to tooth-brushing for three minutes and color measurements were taken subsequently. Color differences (ΔE) after treatments were calculated using one-way ANOVA, MANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Another group of specimens (n=10/group) were exposed to tooth-brushing under a 1.91N load using toothpaste slurry (Crest® Cavity Protection) for 20,000 cycles in two modes: soft and medium bristles (both Oral B Indicator®). Surface roughness was measured using a Mitutoyo SJ201 profilometer before and after brushing. Surface roughness Ra values were compared using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: Coke and water had no significant discoloration effect (p>0.05). Red wine and coffee exhibited the highest discoloration effect. CAD-CAM blocks showed significantly lower color change, at all durations, and after brushing (p<0.001). Tooth-brushing had a significant effect (Ra) on Telio-CAD, Artbloc, Jet Set-4 and Vita-CAD. Protemp-Plus and Luxatemp groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional materials showed less color stability when compared to CAD/CAM blocks. Tooth-brushing effect varies depending on bristle and material type.

The interest in study of resistant starch in the pig nutrition is increasing. This experiment was done to evaluate resistant starch content in maize/corn by using an in vitro method. A total of 27 varieties of corn were used in this trial to determine the evaluation of in vitro resistant starch (RS); in vitro non-resistant starch (NRS); in vitro total starch (TS); dry matter (DM); ash and organic matter (OM). All treatments of corn samples were carried out in triplicates. In vitro determination of RS, NRS and TS were determined directly before the spectrophotometer reading with a wavelength of 510 nm. In vitro RS, NRS and TS ranged from 0.56 – 1.98%, 22.11 – 52.33% and 22.69 – 54.27% respectively; DM, Ash and OM ranged from 85.71 – 95.34%, 1.1 – 1.85% and 98.15 – 98.9% respectively. In RS, 424L and 5660 (P/≤/0.05); in NRS, 652N and MC 4050 (P/≤/0.01; in TS, 652N, MC 4050 and 424L (P/≤/0.01, 0.01 and 0.05 respectively); and in DM, 590 (P/≤/0.05). Results indicated that varieties of corn used may be low in amylose content because the RS values were negligible (≤ 1%) giving MC 5800 and 652N as the lowest RS values suitable for growing pigs. Further work is needed to validate these results. Keywords: In vitro; Resistant starch; Corn samples; Non-resistant starch; Total starch; Spectrophotometer

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gaiao_u_dr_arafo.pdf: 721993 bytes, checksum: f5fc596fed638936262956e5eebcb630 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do manchamento sobre a intensidade de fluorescência de resinas compostas, em função dos meios de imersão e do tempo. Para isso, foram selecionadas as seguintes resinas compostas: Filtek Supreme XT (3MESPE), 4 Seasons (Ivoclar Vivadent), Venus (Heraeus – Kulzer), Vit~l~escence (Ultradent) e Esthet-X (Dentsply). Foram selecionadas também as seguintes soluções: café, suco de laranja, refrigerante de cola, vinho tinto e saliva (controle). Para cada condição experimental foram confeccionados cinco corpos-deprova (n=5) em forma de disco medindo 10,0mm de diâmetro e 1,0mm de espessura, que permaneceram imersos em saliva artificial e mantidos em estufa a uma temperatura de 37ºC±1. Esses corpos-de-prova foram retirados da estufa três vezes ao dia para imersão nas soluções testadas, durante o período de cinco minutos. Após este período foram lavados em água corrente e novamente imersos em saliva artificial e mantidos em estufa, até o momento da mensuração da intensidade de fluorescência. As leituras foram realizadas em seis níveis de variação: T0 - após confecção dos corpos-de-prova sem imersão em saliva artificial; T1 - 24 horas após imersão em saliva artificial; T2 - 24 horas após imersão nas soluções; T3 - 07 dias após imersão nas soluções; T4 - 14 dias após imersão nas soluções e T5 - 21 dias após imersão nas soluções. Para a obtenção dos valores de intensidade de fluorescência foi utilizado um espectrofotômetro (Spex Triax Fluorolog 3) calibrado para que o raio incidente fosse emitido com um comprimento de onda de 390nm e para que todo o fenômeno de fluorescência fosse registrado em uma faixa compreendida entre 400nm e 700nm. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância e ao Teste de Tukey a 5%. De acordo com os resultados observou-se que as soluções influenciaram... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of staining on the fluorescence intensity of composite resins, depending on the solutions and immersion time. The following composites were selected: Filtek Supreme XT (3MESPE), 4 Seasons (Ivoclar Vivadent), Vênus (Heraeus – Kulzer), Vit~l~escence (Ultradent) and Esthet-X (Dentsply). We also selected the following solutions: coffee, orange juice, cola soft drink, red wine and artificial saliva (control). For each experimental condition were made five specimens (n=5) in a disk shape measuring 10,0mm diameter and 1,0mm thickness. All the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and kept in an incubator at a temperature of 37ºC±1. The specimens were removed from the incubator three times a day for immersion in the solutions tested, during the period of five minutes. After it was washed in running water and again immersed in artificial saliva, until the time of measurement of fluorescence intensity. The readings were taken at six levels of variation. T0 - 24 hours after preparing the specimens, T1 - 24 hours after immersion in artificial saliva, T2 - 24 hours after immersion in the solutions, T3 after seven days, T4 after fourteen days and T5 after 21 days. To obtain the values of fluorescence intensity, was used a calibrated spectrophotometer (Spex Triax Fluorolog 3) with an incident ray delivered with a wavelength of 390nm. The phenomenon of fluorescence was registered between 400nm and 700nm. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and Tukey's test 5%. The results showed that the solutions influenced the intensity of fluorescence emitted by resin composites (p<0,05). Coffee was the higher staining solution, followed by red wine, orange juice, cola soft drink and artificial saliva. Regarding the time it was noted that after T2 there was a significant change in fluorescence emission... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The objective of this study was to assess coronal discoloration due to four commonly used endodontic sealers with gutta-percha, using spectrophotometric analysis. Extracted human teeth were obturated with the experimental sealers and GP. The sealers that were tested included AH Plus, EndoRez, and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer. The teeth were maintained in a moist environment at 37 C. Immediate pretreatment readings of the crowns of the extracted teeth with a spectrometer were used as baseline data. Subsequent readings were taken every two weeks for two months. Results were analysed using Wilcoxson Signed Rank sum test and Kruskal Wallis test. / South Africa

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / This in vitro study compares the ability of two composite materials Filtek Supreme XTE™ (3M, ESPE) and CeramX™ Duo (Dentsply) against extracted tooth structure using the modern two layering concept. Fifty six extracted anterior maxillary central incisor teeth were selected which were caries free, had no surface defects and within the colour range A3, B3, C3 or D2. The teeth were randomly divided into four colour groups (A3, B3, C3 and D2), each containing 14 teeth. A class IV cavity was prepared on all the teeth and the two composite materials were used alternately with no bonding agent to restore the cavity. The colour of both composites was assessed immediately after restoration, 24 hours and after two weeks using the SpectroShade™ (MHT) spectrophotometer. The MHT SpectroShade™ version 3.3 software was used with the CIE L*a*b* colour system to evaluate the colour of the teeth and restorations. The Kruskal-Wallis One- Way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the medians of the two composite materials. The significance was set at z>3.1237. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was set at a significance of p<0.01 to evaluate colour change (_E*ab) in the restorations over three time intervals (immediate restoration, 24 hours and two weeks).

Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / Tooth discoloration has increased the demand by patients to pursue aesthetic treatment options. Bleaching is considered a conservative approach in performing an aesthetic treatment for discolored teeth; however colour rebound and post-operative sensitivity are among the adverse effects associated with vital bleaching. In-office bleaching systems employ the use of high hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The effects of in-office bleaching agents on the degree of colour change and the gender differences in relation to bleaching outcomes are questionable. Post-operative sensitivity can be considered a bleaching side effect and the number of patients that experience it is unknown. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of an in-office vital bleaching technique. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the degree of colour change after vital tooth bleaching using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, Spain), using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Konica, Minolta) to measure the colour change at each intervention during the bleaching process, to assess the post operative sensitivity during the first week of the intervention, to evaluate the patients' perception of the colour change and to compare it to the colour change (~E) expressed in numeric values and to investigate whether gender differences exist in relation to the outcome of the bleaching procedure. Materials and Methods: The maxillary anterior teeth of 22 patients comprising of 11 males and 11 females were. bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, Spain). Pre-treatment readings of the two maxillary central incisors using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Konica, Minolta) were obtained. Subsequent readings were obtained after scaling and polishing, before bleaching (which was used as a baseline reading), immediately after bleaching, one week and one month postoperatively. Patients were requested to complete a form regarding postoperative tooth sensitivity and their colour perception toward the bleaching treatment. Results: The quantitative effect of the bleaching material on tooth colour showed an increase in L * values and a decrease in a* and b* values, the changes were significant (p values- 0.05) except for the mean value of b* one month after bleaching which was only significant between five and ten percent.

no abstract provided by author / Master of Science