Dentro do aspecto estético atual, a harmonia entre a cor do elemento dental e dos materiais restauradores é um dos quesitos mais relevantes e de maior dificuldade técnica. A utilização de aparelhos para a seleção de cor pelo método digital propõese a diminuir o aspecto subjetivo do processo de visão das cores, minimizando dessa forma possíveis falhas do processo. Este estudo simulou três situações clínicas em peças protéticas cerâmicas na forma de três tratamentos de superfície, um desgaste com ponta de carboneto de silício, um glazeamento a frio e um overglaze em forno para porcelana. Em seguida avaliou-se a interferência dos tratamentos na cor de duas marcas comerciais de porcelana, com e sem a presença de saliva, através do método objetivo de seleção de cor, com auxílio de um espectrofotômetro digital intraoral. Concluiu-se que não houve alteração de cor perceptível ao olho humano de nenhum material sob os tratamentos superficiais realizados, porém, entretanto nota-se uma mudança maior da cor para o tratamento overglaze em relação aos demais tratamentos; a diferença de cor causada pela presença de saliva na porcelana Noritake e os valores encontrados para a porcelana Duceram foram valores perceptíveis ao olho humano treinado em seleção de cor; o tratamento overglaze na porcelana Duceram foi o que maior E promoveu, chegando próximo ao limite aceitável; na presença de saliva os valores de E todos aumentaram para a porcelana Noritake e diminuíram para a porcelana Duceram, indicando que as diferentes composições dos materiais alteram seu comportamento; a diferença entre as medidas com e sem saliva para a porcelana Noritake é mais evidente do que para Duceram; o aparelho é falho em algumas interpretações, mas é aceitável para o uso clínico de tomada de cor; o aparelho não é indicado para tomada de cor em estudos científicos; as análises dos dados L*a*b* não são condizentes com as leituras de cor pelas escalas Vita Classical e 3D Master. / Considering the current aesthetic aspect, the harmony between the color of the tooth and dental restorative materials is one of the issues of greatest importance and technical difficulty. The use of apparatus for the selection of color by digital method proposes to reduce the subjective aspect of the vision of colors, thus minimizing possible failures of the process. This study simulated clinical situations in three prosthetic ceramic pieces in the form of three surface treatments, a scattering using silicon carbide bur, a cold glaze and an overglaze in ceramic oven. Then we evaluate the interference of the treatments on the color of the two porcelains, with and without the presence of saliva using the objective method of color matching, with the aid of a digital intraoral spectrophotometer. It was concluded that there was no change in color perceptible to the human eye of any material on the surface treatments carried out, however, there is a greater change in color for the treatment overglaze when compared to other treatments; the difference in color caused by the presence of saliva in the Noritake and the values found for all treatments in Duceram were visible to the human eye trained on color selection; the treatment overglaze on porcelain Duceram caused the highest E , reaching the acceptable limit; in the presence of saliva values of E increased for Noritake and decreased for Duceram, indicating that the different compositions of materials can alter their behavior; the difference between measurements with and without saliva for Noritake porcelain is more evident than for Duceram; the device is deficient in some interpretations, but is acceptable for the clinical use of color matching; the equipment is not indicated for color matching in scientific studies; the analysis of the data La*b* are not consistent with the readings of the color tabs Vita Classical and 3D Master.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Summary: Aim: The aim of this laboratory study is to assess the efficacy of a tooth bleaching agent by evaluating the degree of color change with the use of a spectrophotometer and not by the usual subjective, visual methods. Methodology: Twenty specimens of human teeth will be collected, polished and divided into two groups. A baseline color measurement by the CIE L* a* b* with a spectrophotometer against a white background will be taken before one group is immersed in coffee and the other in red wine for two weeks. Bleaching of the specimens will be done according to manufacturer’s instructions for two weeks. Color readings will be taken before bleaching, weekly during bleaching and 1 and 2 weeks after the bleaching treatment. Color change (ΔE) will be calculated mathematically as Δ E = [ (Δ L*)2 + (Δ a*)2 + (Δ b*)2 ]1/2. An observation of whether the baseline color reading will be regained by the bleaching process will be made. Results: Data collected will be recorded on an Excel spreadsheet. Advice from a qualified statistician will be sought to analyze the data. Results will be discussed in comparison with the existing literature on this subject. / South Africa

Thesis deals with an optimization of an imaging spectrophotometer which consists of a monochromator, a CCD camera with extended detection range to UV spectra and an imaging system. Main benefits of the optimization are utilization of a new lightsource, a connection of the monochromator and the imaging system by a fibre bundle and upgrade of a sample angle adjustment system by use of a auxiliary CCD camera. More changes were made to increase accuracy of measurements and ease of use of the apparatus.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: There is no international standardized guidance to quantify translucency in dentistry. Numerous non-standardized terms are being used to describe the degree of translucency by the manufacturers. This makes it hard for the dental community to find definite and compare easy information. PURPOSE: To attempt exploring the standardization of the quantification of translucency in dental ceramics by comparing various optical property measurements including Contrast Ratio (CR), Translucency Parameter (TP) and transmission, gloss and surface roughness and by investigating the relationship between thickness, polish grade and translucency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four monolithic zirconia materials were used in this study; VITA-YZ Translucent, High Translucent, Super Translucent and Extra Translucent. IPS e.max CAD HT was used as a control. Specimens for each of these materials were prepared in 125 µm, 70 µm, 15 µm, and 0.5 µm polished surface in the following thicknesses: 1.00 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.50 mm and 0.35 mm thickness. Each group contained 10 specimens and the following tests were completed: transmission, CR and TP using a X-rite Ci6700 spectrophotometer, surface roughness by profilometer and gloss index by a glossmeter. Data was analyzed by using two-way ANOVA for different groups and Tukey’s for paired groups. Coefficient of absorption and loss of reflectance ratio were calculated. RESULTS: Reducing thickness and increasing polishing grade increase translucency. Material type, thickness and polishing grade significantly affected the translucency. A strong positive (r=0.99) linear correlation between transmission and TP was determined and these have a strong negative (r=-0.99) linear correlation with CR. CONCLUSION: Thickness, polishing grade and material type are major contributing factors to the translucency of ceramics. E.max HT is significantly more translucent than zirconia. Transmission is viable to be used as a standardized measurement of translucency with standardized material settings of 1mm thickness and optical polishing (polishing grade of 0.5 µm or its equivalent).

Simulated Landsat reflectance spectra of soil samples were compared to actual Landsat radiance values of soils in two fields (1 and 3) near Vance, Mississippi. The simulated reflectance spectra were calculated by combining Landsat spectral sensitivity with laboratory-based spectrophotometer reflectance values. The actual radiance data were obtained by extracting pixel values from Landsat images. Simple linear regression (SLR) yielded significant linear relationships for 1997 field-1 and 2001 field-3 data. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and weighted linear regression (WLR), which indirectly accounted for moisture content and spatial resolution, respectively, yielded improvement in R2 for most of the studied bands. The analyses generally satisfied the normality and constant variance assumptions, and removal of outliers improved the validity of the assumptions and R2. It was concluded that indirect measures of soil moisture content and spatial uncertainty can substantially improve the relationship between remotely sensed bare-soil spectra and laboratory spectra.

No description available.

OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare color difference CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) of pressed IPS E.max lithium disilicate ceramic material after repeated firing cycles. To determine and evaluate correlation of CIELAB and CIEDE2000 values analyzed by X-Rite Color i5 Spectrophotometer, VITA EasyShade® Advance 4.0 (VITA Zahnfabrik) and Adobe Photoshop CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 specimens 8mmX10mm at 1.5mm thickness (12 specimens of pressed IPS e.max® Press Lithium Disilicate MT Monochromatic ingots and 24 specimens pressed IPS e.max® Multi Press Lithium Disilicate Multichromatic ingots. Specimens were exposed to repeated firing cycles up to 7 cycles. Color analysis was performed after 1st,2nd,3rd,5th, and7th firing cycle. CIE L*a*b* values measured by X-Rite Color i5 Spectrophotometer, VITA EasyShade® Advance 4.0 (VITA Zahnfabrik) and Adobe Photoshop CC. CIELAB (Δ*ab) and CIEDE2000 (Δ00) calculated to measure color difference. RESULTS: Linear regression and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey’s HSD test) showed a significant color difference (Δ*ab) and CIEDE2000 (Δ00) with (p-value <0.001), after multiple firing cycles, between instruments used and in different shades groups. Moreover, significant different in interactive effect between different shades tested by different instrument, different shades tested after multiple firing cycles and different instruments after multiple firing cycles. CONCLUSION: IPS E.max lithium disilicate material shows significant color difference after repeated firing cycle tested by three color analysis instruments. Measuring instruments used to evaluate CIE L*a*b* color values showed significant different in color values analysis which may lead to altered level of interpretation, particularly to determine perceptibility and clinical acceptability thresholds. / 2021-08-15T00:00:00Z

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wilmer Fabian.pdf: 1250076 bytes, checksum: dc6d549d19b660234c668b167e06c364 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-08 / The purpose of this study was to determine the color stability of two heat-cured denture base acrylic resins (Lucitone 550 and Vipi Cril) and one nylon denture base material (Transflex) immersed in four liquid foods (coffee, cola, red wine and distilled water). Forty specimen disks of each brand, with a diameter of 20.0 mm and a thickness of 3.0 mm were prepared. Each specimen was suspended in the liquid foods with dental floss so that it did not contact the container or other specimens. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C. At that time (T0) the color of all specimens was measured with a spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 100). After 15-day (T1) and 30-day (T2) periods of immersion in the liquid foods color of the specimens was measured again with the spectrophotometer. Color measurements were recorded using the CIEL a b (Commission Internationale de L’ Eclairage) system with D65 (day light) light. Mean ΔE (color changes) values were calculated for each material and compared statistically with a two-way analyses of variance and calculating Bonferroni intervals at 0.95. In ΔE T0T1 and ΔE T0T2 the most severe discoloration was apparent with red wine when compared to the specimens stored in distilled water (P< 0.0001). Coffee was the second staining liquid food which have affect both acrylic and nylon denture base materials. Transflex also showed significant color change after immersion in cola (P < 0.001). In ΔE T1T2 only red wine promoted significant discoloration of all resins (P < 0.0001). From the conclusions of this study, the greatest chromatic change was exhibited by specimens immersed in red wine, followed by coffee. ΔE values of the specimens converted to NBS (National Bureau of Standard) units, showed a visually perceptible color change by these two liquid foods (red wine and coffee). / objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a estabilidade de cor de duas resinas acrílicas (Lucitone 550 e Vipi Cril) e de um material à base de náilon (Transflex) para base de próteses, imersos em três alimentos líquidos (café, refrigerante de cola e vinho tinto, e água destilada, como controle). Quarenta corpos-de-prova em forma de discos de cada marca comercial, com diâmetro de 20,0 mm e espessura de 3,0 mm foram confeccionados. Cada corpo-de-prova foi suspenso dentro do alimento líquido com o uso de um fio dental impedindo o contato com o recipiente ou outros corpos-deprova. Os corpos-de-prova foram armazenados em água destilada por 24 h (T0) a 37 °C. Neste tempo T0, a cor dos corpos-de-prova foi mensurada com espectrofotômetro (Varian Cary 100). Após 15 dias (T1) e 30 dias (T2) de imersão nos alimentos líquidos, a cor dos corpos-de-prova for mensurada novamente com o espectrofotômetro. A mensuração de cor foi registrada usando o sistema CIE L*a*b* (Commission Internationale de L’ Eclairage), com iluminante D65 (luz do dia). Os valores das médias de ΔE (alterações de cor) foram calculados para cada material e comparados estatisticamente com análise de variância de dois fatores e confirmado pelo teste de Bonferroni com intervalos de 0,95. Em ΔE T0T1 e ΔE T0T2 as maiores alterações de cor foram obtidas com o vinho tinto quando comparadas com as dos corpos-de-prova imersos em água destilada (P< 0,0001). O café foi o segundo alimento líquido que alterou a cor tanto das resinas acrílicas quanto da resina à base de náilon. Transflex também demonstrou alteração de cor significativa após a imersão em refrigerante de cola (P < 0,0001). Em ΔE T1T2, somente o vinho tinto promoveu alteração de cor significativa em todas as resinas (P < 0,0001). As conclusões deste estudo demonstram que a maior alteração cromática foi provocada pelo vinho tinto, seguido pelo café. Os valores de ΔE dos corpos-de-prova, convertidos a unidades NBS (National Bureau of Standard), demonstraram alteração de cor visualmente perceptíveis por ambos os alimentos líquidos (vinho tinto e café).

<p>This thesis work consisted of the development of a virtual instrument that automates enzyme activity measurements and spectrum measurements with the spectrophotometer UVmini-1240. The purpose was to expand the functionality of the instrument, to eliminate the human error and to decrease the amount of time spent on measurements. A PC was connected to the UVmini-1240 via a RS-232C interface and the cell position and temperature was regulated with a CPS-240A controller. The new interface allows all the parameters to be set in the same place. It allows a visualization of the continuous monitoring of the sample absorbance and the option to save the data for post-processing. Also a module for measuring the spectrum of a sample in the wavelength range of 190 nm to 1100 nm is included. The graphical programming language LabView was used to develop the virtual instrument. This thesis work also contained measurement series of the catalase enzyme activity. These were carried out to determine the best storage temperature for the catalase solution and to determine the optimal surrounding temperature for the highest activity in the catalase solution. The conclusions were that the activity does not change considerably the first week of storage, not matter the temperature, and that the activity goes down when the surrounding temperature reaches above 30° C. These measurements were part of a bigger project to develop an ultrasonic method for measuring enzyme activity at the Institute of Acoustics at C.S.I.C in Madrid.</p>

This thesis work consisted of the development of a virtual instrument that automates enzyme activity measurements and spectrum measurements with the spectrophotometer UVmini-1240. The purpose was to expand the functionality of the instrument, to eliminate the human error and to decrease the amount of time spent on measurements. A PC was connected to the UVmini-1240 via a RS-232C interface and the cell position and temperature was regulated with a CPS-240A controller. The new interface allows all the parameters to be set in the same place. It allows a visualization of the continuous monitoring of the sample absorbance and the option to save the data for post-processing. Also a module for measuring the spectrum of a sample in the wavelength range of 190 nm to 1100 nm is included. The graphical programming language LabView was used to develop the virtual instrument. This thesis work also contained measurement series of the catalase enzyme activity. These were carried out to determine the best storage temperature for the catalase solution and to determine the optimal surrounding temperature for the highest activity in the catalase solution. The conclusions were that the activity does not change considerably the first week of storage, not matter the temperature, and that the activity goes down when the surrounding temperature reaches above 30° C. These measurements were part of a bigger project to develop an ultrasonic method for measuring enzyme activity at the Institute of Acoustics at C.S.I.C in Madrid.