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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparison of the South African Spondaic and the CID W-1 wordlists for measuring speech recognition threshold

Hanekom, Tanya Heather January 2014 (has links)
INTRODUCTION. The Central Institute for the Deaf published Auditory Tests W-1 (CID W-1) spondaic wordlist was developed in the USA in 1947 and 1952. Certain American-English words contained in the wordlist are unfamiliar to many South Africans, even English first language (EFL) speakers, but particularly those who use English as a second language (ESL). Familiarity with spondaic words is one of the most important qualities of the test items used to determine Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT). OBJECTIVES. The aim of this study was to compare the SRT results obtained with the English South African Spondaic (SAS) wordlist developed by Durrant (2006) and the English CID W-1 spondaic wordlist when measuring the SRT of adult ESL speakers in South Africa. Method. Audiometric Pure Tone Average (PTA) and SRT measurements were obtained for 101 (197 ears) ESL participants with normal hearing or a minimal hearing loss <26 dBHL (mean age 33.3). PTA/SRT correlations were compared when using the SAS wordlist (groups one and two), as well as either the ‘less familiar’ CID W-1 (group one) or ‘more familiar’ CID W-1 (group two), in a mixed matched group design. RESULTS. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant and positive correlation for all three wordlists. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong PTA/SRT correlation when using the South African Spondaic (SAS) wordlist (right ear: 0.65; left ear 0.58) and the ‘more familiar’ words from the CID W-1 wordlist (right ear: 0.63; left ear: 0.56). The use of the ‘less familiar’ words from the CID W-1 wordlist revealed weak correlations (right ear: 0.30; left ear: 0.32). Paired sample T-tests indicated a statistically significantly stronger PTA/SRT correlation when the SAS wordlist was used, rather than either of the CID W-1 wordlists, at a 95% level of confidence. CONCLUSIONS. The use of the SAS wordlist yields a stronger PTA/SRT correlation than the use of the CID W-1 wordlist, when performing SRT testing as part of the speech audiometry battery on South African ESL speakers with normal hearing, or minimal hearing loss <26 dBHL. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA / Unrestricted
2

Hörselnedsättning och hörselskyddande åtgärder bland studenter / Hearing impariments and hearing protective actions among students

Lundberg, Fredrik, Lindström, Jonatan January 2018 (has links)
Hörselnedsättning är ett vanligt problem. Dock, på grund av dess progressiva natur är det många som kan vara omedvetna om försämringen av deras hörsel. Forskning indikerar att skyddsbeteende relaterat till hörseln ofta är korrelerat med närvaron av symptom. Man har vidare identifierat  unga vuxna studenter som en speciellt utsatt grupp då studentliv ofta involverar högljudda miljöer som kan vara skadliga för hörseln. Dessutom att unga vuxna har höga risktendenser och tar få åtgärder för att skydda sin hörsel. Dock, här finns det viss meningsskiljaktigheter i fältet huruvida man hävdar att det är en majoritet eller minoritet av studenter som är i risk av att utveckla hörselnedsättning. Det finns därtill dessutom lite data om utbredning av hörselnedsättning bland studenter och den som finns har använt metoder som inte helt lämpar sig för att utvärdera hörselnedsättning. Denna studie ämnar att utreda utbredningen av hörselnedsättning bland studenter med ett mer lämpligt test och undersöka huruvida denna grupp riskerar att utveckla hörselnedsättning eller förvärra den samt undersöka om självskattning och symptom närvaro är förbundna med skyddsbeteende. Arbetsmiljöverket föreskrifter och rekommendationer gällande bullriga miljöer i kombination med tidigare gjorda studier användes för att identifiera skadliga ljudmiljöer i studenters vardag samt lämpliga skyddsbeteende i dessa. Detta användes som basis för en webbenkät som studenterna fyllde i efter vilket de genomgick ett webbaserat hörseltest. Endast en person av 77 kunde sägas ha hörselnedsättning. Även om majoriteten inte ofta var i skadliga ljudmiljöer, när de var det använde endast ett fåtal hörselskydd och det fanns en signifikant subgrupp vars beteende innebär hög risk för hörselnedsättning. Bristen på skyddsbeteende var korrelerat med självskattning och en negativ attityd gentemot hörselskydd. 75% upplevde övergående tinnitus och 88% hade upplevt övergående tinnitus eller temporär hörselnedsättning i skadliga ljudmiljöer. Denna studie bidrar till en ökande mängd evidens som pekar på att en majoritet av studenter är i risk av att utveckla hörselnedsättning senare i livet. För att förhindra att studenters hösel förvärras behövs det nya verktyg för att öka medvetenhet kring skadliga ljudmiljöer och hörselnedsättning, för att detektera tidiga stadier av hörselnedsättning samt nya hörselskydd som studenter kan ha en positivare attityd gentemot. / Hearing impairment is a common problem. However, due to its progressive nature many might be subjected to deteriorating hearing without knowing it. In addition, research indicates that protective behavior is often correlated with the presence of a symptom, which further stresses the importance of the individual's awareness. Studies suggest that young adult students are a particular vulnerable group, as student life involves being in loud environments, potentially harmful to hearing. Also, young adults have high risk tendencies, taking few precautions to protect their hearing. However, there is disparity within the field as to whether it is a majority or minority of students that are at risk. Furthermore, there is limited research on hearing impairment within this group, and the research that has been made used less than perfect methods. This study aims to ascertain the extent of hearing impairment within this group, by using a more appropriate test than previous studies and determine whether this group is at risk of developing hearing loss or worsening the condition and if self-estimation and presence of symptoms are significant factors of protective behavior. The Swedish work environment authorities regulations and recommendation about noisy environments in combination with previous studies were used to identify potentially damaging acoustical environments and appropriate protective action. This provided a basis for the questionnaire that the students filled in. In addition, a web-based hearing test was used to ascertain hearing loss. Only one person out of 77 was found to exhibit significant hearing loss. Although the majority were not often in loud environments, few used hearing protection and there was a significant subgroup whose behavior places them at high risk of hearing loss. The lack of protective behavior was correlated with self-estimation and a negative attitude towards ear protection devices. Furthermore, 75% experienced intermittent tinnitus and 88% had experienced temporary tinnitus or hearing loss within harmful sound-environments. This study therefore aligns itself with a growing literature that indicates that a majority of students are at risk of developing hearing impairment later in life even if it does not show at this stage. To prevent further deterioration of student’s hearing, new tools to raise awareness, detect early stages of hearing loss and hearing protections that elicit positive attitudes from students needs to be developed.

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