Thesis--University of the Witwatersrand. / Bibliography: p. [363]-384.

Thesis--University of the Witwatersrand. / Bibliography: p. [363]-384.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-134).

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Restricted until November 2000. Bibliography: leaves 100-109.

Presented as Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1914. / Cover title. Reprinted from Journal of morphology, vol. 25, no. 4 (Dec. 1914). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 627-629).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 102 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (M.S. in animal science)--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF RENEE A LOPEZ SWALLS, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in PLANT BIOLOGY, presented on June 27, 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: THE SPECIAL WALLS AROUND GAMETES IN CERATOPTERIS RICHARDII AND AULACOMNIUM PALUSTRE: USING IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY TO EXPOSE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND DEVELOPMENT MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Karen S. Renzaglia Gametes are arguably the most important cells formed during the sexual life cycle of plants. The ancestral condition of gametes in land plants is the production of small motile sperm cells and larger non-motile eggs. Unique walls or cell matrices are formed during the development of these highly specialized cells, and are integral to their proper development and maturation. Yet, the polysaccharide composition, structural function, and metabolic processes of these special gamete cell walls remain unexplored beyond examination in the light microscope. Utilizing histochemical techniques coupled with immunocytochemical localizations with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), I give a detailed survey of AGP and cell wall polymer distribution during male and female gametogenesis in the model fern, Ceratopteris richardi, and for comparison with both Ceratopteris and seed plants, I examined the same cell wall polymers during spermatogenesis in Aulacomnium palustre, a moss species. AGPs are abundant in the extraprotoplasmic matrix that surrounds differentiating sperm and egg cells in the fern, Ceratopteris richardii. During spermatogenesis, AGPs are speculated to regulate growth of flagella and cell morphogenesis through cell signaling via Ca+2 oscillations. Immunogold localizations revealed that AGPs are differentially expressed in the egg envelope in C. richardii. These glycoproteins are extremely abundant prior to fertilization but decrease substantially after fusion of the male gamete with the egg cytoplasm. Contrary to the AGP-filled matrix surrounding developing spermatids, developing eggs are bathed in (1,5)-α-L-arabinan pectins and not AGPs. Lastly, I examined the unique cell walls that are integral to sperm cell differentiation and release in both Ceratopteris and Aulacomnium. The preponderance of callose and hemicelluloses in the walls of the male gametes of Ceratopteris and Aulacomnium, respectively, and the importance of these polysaccharides in development are discussed. Taken together, the studies that comprise this dissertation advance significantly our understanding of cell wall dynamics during gametogenesis in early land plants.

Submitted by Emi Rosane Silistino de Souza null (emi.rosane@hotmail.com) on 2016-03-10T05:51:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO EMI 2016 OK.pdf: 3134204 bytes, checksum: c2496577f07709557fe6c8ab1c101ffb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-03-10T18:53:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ers_me_sjrp.pdf: 3134204 bytes, checksum: c2496577f07709557fe6c8ab1c101ffb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-10T18:53:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ers_me_sjrp.pdf: 3134204 bytes, checksum: c2496577f07709557fe6c8ab1c101ffb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Subordem Heteroptera contém cerca de 75 famílias, incluindo Coreidae, na qual pertencem as espécies Corecoris fuscus, Leptoglossus gonagra, L. zonatus e Sphictyrtus fasciatus, analisadas no presente trabalho. Os indivíduos dessa família são conhecidos por serem exclusivamente fitófagos e alimentam-se de plantas de valor comercial. Apesar da grande diversidade desta subordem, há poucos estudos relacionados com a ultraestrutura da espermátide dessas espécies. Assim, nesse trabalho, por meio da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, foi analisado o desenvolvimento da espermiogênese na cabeça e no flagelo, com ênfase na formação do acrossomo, do adjunto do centríolo e dos derivados mitocondriais. O acrossomo tem origem a partir do complexo de Golgi, por meio da formação de uma vesícula pró-acrossomal e concomitante a esse processo é formado o adjunto do centríolo. O acrossomo determina o polo anterior do espermatozoide e o adjunto do centríolo determina o polo posterior. Observou-se também que no início do processo espermiogênico, as mitocôndrias encontram-se espalhadas no citoplasma, então gradualmente se fundem e dão origem ao complexo mitocondrial, o qual se divide, posteriormente, em duas subestruturas, denominadas derivados mitocondriais. Essas se posicionam bilateralmente ao axonema, o qual possui o padrão típico de disposição dos microtúbulos de 9 + 9 + 2. O processo de formação do acrossomo e dos derivados e a conformação dos microtúbulos do axonema são típicos de insetos. Além do padrão de microtúbulos do axonema, foram encontradas características sinapomórficas de Heteroptera, como a presença de duas estruturas paracristalinas em cada derivado mitocondrial e a presença de pontes que ligam os derivados mitocondriais ao microtúbulos axonemais, os quais são ferramentas importantes para auxiliar análises filogenéticas e taxonômicas. / The suborder Heteroptera contains about 75 families, including Coreidae, to which the species Corecoris fuscus, Leptoglossus gonagra, L. zonatus and Sphictyrtus fasciatus belong. Individuals of this family are known for being exclusively phytophagous and feeding on commercially valuable plants. Despite this suborder great diversity, there are only few studies on the ultrastructure of these species spermatid. Thus, in this study, through transmission electron microscopy, we analyzed the development of spermiogenesis in the head and the flagellum of C. fuscus, L. gonagra, L. zonatus and S. fasciatus, with emphasis on the formation of the acrosome, of the centriole adjunct and on development of mitochondrial derivatives. The acrosome originates from the Golgi complex through the formation of a pro-acrosomal vesicle and concomitant to this process, is formed the centriole adjunct. The acrosome determines the anterior pole of the sperm and the centriole adjunct determines the posterior pole. It was also observed that at the beginning of the spermiogenic process, the mitochondria are scattered within the cytoplasm, then gradually fusing and originating the mitochondrial complex, which is subsequently divided into two substructures, called mitochondrial derivatives. They are positioned bilaterally to the axoneme, having the typical pattern arrangement of the microtubule, which is 9 + 9 + 2. The process of acrosomes and derivatives formation and the conformation of axoneme’s microtubules are typical of insects. Besides the pattern of axoneme’s microtubules, synapomorphic features of Heteroptera were found, as the presence of two paracrystalline structures in each mitochondrial derivative and the presence of bridges connecting derivatives mitochondrial to the axonemal microtubules, which are important tools to assist in phylogenetic and taxonomic analyzes. / FAPESP: 2013/19864-5