Thesis (M.S.)--University of New Orleans, 2004. / Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

In Palm Beach County, S. terebrans burrows into grounded roots and trunks of R. mangle causing collapse. This is contrary to previous studies suggesting this species burrows only into free-hanging roots. Nutrients and C. virginica cover may affect S. terebrans abundance and distribution. Surveys show burrowing significantly varies among sites, but not between free-hanging and grounded roots. Nutrients vary by site, but neither N nor P was correlated with burrowing. Nutrient treated roots showed no colonization pattern associated with N or P. Lignin varied among sites, but didn’t affect burrowing. Finally, C. virginica limited colonization in the portion of R. mangle tissue it covered. The location of C. virginica on the seaward/landward side was not predictive of burrowing. R. mangle height and leaves were not negatively affected by cover treatment or burrowing. Results highlight the need for additional research to determine the influence of environmental factors on this species interaction. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Sphaeroma terebrans, is an ecological engineer that can significantly modify the habitat of free-hanging aerial prop roots of Rhizophora mangle. The wood-boring isopod extensively burrows into red mangrove aerial prop roots for habitat and protection from desiccation and access to phytoplankton. However, the burrows created have major consequences on the mangrove habitat and aerial root inhabitants. It has been suggested that sessile species residing in aerial root communities can either encourage or discourage colonization by S. terebrans. Abiotic factors can affect the distribution and abundance of mangrove forest and are the same factors which determine the composition and abundance of organisms living on the roots. Surveys indicated that burrowing damage was found predominately in the first 20 cm of the root tip. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test multivariate hypothesized models looking at habitat relationships with S. terebrans in aerial root communities. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were shown to be important drivers in affecting submerged root length of aerial roots. Ultimately, the indirect effects between these parameters proved to be stronger in influencing the barnacle – isopod association, which causes direct negative effects on submerged root length. Colonial tunicates showed weak effects in masking aerial roots from the damaging barnacle – isopod association. Chlorophyll a was used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass and proved to be less influential than habitat protection for S. terebrans. Results highlight the need for experimentation in addition to modeling in order to determine the mechanisms influencing aerial root community inhabitants and further effects on the habitat. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

xiv, 158 p. / Print copies of this title are available through the UO Libraries under the call number: SCIENCE QL444.M34 D38 2006; OIMB QL444.M34 D38 2006 / The Australasian burrowing isopod (Sphaeroma quoianum) was discovered in Coos Bay, Oregon in 1995. After approximately ten years, S. quoianum has become a common member of the intertidal community and appears to be accelerating shoreline erosion. Surveys, density measurements, and a field experiment were conducted to determine the intertidal distribution, density, and substratum preference of this bioeroder within Coos Bay. Results were compared to two Australian embayments (Port Phillip Bay and the Tamar Estuary) to examine how the ecology of S. quoianum differs. In all bays examined, isopod presence was dependent upon salinity and densities varied between substrata (marsh bank, wood, and friable rock). Densities in marsh banks and friable rock were significantly higher within Coos Bay than the Australian embayments surveyed. In experimental trials, S. quoianum greatly preferred wood to other substrata. The wide distribution and high densities S. quoianum attains have clear environmental and economic implications.

Sphaeroma terebrans (Bate 1866) is an economically and ecologically important cosmopolitan species because this isopod is found burrowed in wood and marine structures of fresh to saline water. Existing literature on S. terebrans focuses on the destruction of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in India, Pakistan, and Florida. This study concentrates on S. terebrans habitat and boring preferences in bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) in Lake Pontchartrain near the Bonnet Carre Spillway, Louisiana. In addition laboratory experiments for water column distribution and substrate preferences were conducted using cypress, Styrofoam, and balsa. Results indicate that this population may be parthenogenic and that wood or material hardness determines whether S. terebrans burrow when given a choice of substrates. The lake shoreline near the Bonnet Carre Spillway is retreating and the presence of S. terebrans contributes to shoreline erosion by weakening and destroying cypress. This has implications for restoration projects in coastal Louisiana.

Τα ισόποδα αποτελούν τα πιο ποικίλα σε δομή και τα πλουσιότερα σε είδη Καρκινοειδή της υπέρταξης των Περακαρίδων. Πρόκειται για κοινούς κατοίκους όλων σχεδόν των οικοσυστημάτων. Η οικογένεια Sphaeromatidae (Latreille, 1825) ανήκει στην υπόταξη Flabellifera (μια από τις 10 υποτάξεις των ισοπόδων). Δύο εκπρόσωποι της οικογένειας αυτής είναι τα είδη Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787) και Lekanesphaera hookeri (Leach, 1814), που είναι κοσμοπολιτικά, εντοπίζονται σε πολλές περιοχές της Ελλάδας και αποτέλεσαν τα πειραματόζωα στην παρούσα μελέτη. Οι φυλογενετικές μελέτες στον ελλαδικό χώρο περιορίζονται κυρίως στη μελέτη ειδών χερσαίων ισοπόδων, κυρίως λόγω των πολλών ενδημικών ειδών. Ωστόσο εντοπίζονται και άλλα είδη, τα οποία διαβιούν τόσο στη θάλασσα όσο και σε περιοχές με γλυκά και υφάλμυρα νερά, τα οποία δεν έχουν μελετηθεί ακόμη, αν και θα μπορούσαν να δώσουν απαντήσεις σε ερωτήματα σχετικά με τους μηχανισμούς απομόνωσης των πληθυσμών αλλά και την οικολογία, καθώς και την παλαιογεωγραφία της περιοχής. Η παρούσα εργασία αποτελεί την πρώτη απόπειρα μελέτης των φυλογενετικών σχέσεων των δύο αυτών ειδών τόσο στον ελλαδικό όσο και στον ευρωπαϊκό χώρο γενικότερα. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν ο προσδιορισμός της γενετικής δομής και των φυλογενετικών σχέσεων ειδών της οικογένειας Sphaeromatidae. Για τη μελέτη χρησιμοποιήθηκαν μοριακοί δείκτες από 18 πληθυσμούς του είδους Sphaeroma serratum και 2 πληθυσμούς του είδους Lekanesphaera hookeri (ως εξωομάδα). Η πειραματική προσέγγιση περιελάμβανε τον πολλαπλασιασμό αλληλουχιών των μιτοχονδριακών γονιδιακών τόπων 16S rDNA και COI (δείκτες που χρησιμοποιούνται ευρέως για μελέτες σε επίπεδο πληθυσμών και ειδών) με τη μέθοδο της PCR, τον προσδιορισμό των αλληλουχιών αυτών και, ακολούθως, τη στατιστική και φυλογενετική τους ανάλυση με τις μεθόδους της Σύνδεσης Γειτόνων (Neighbor Joining), της Μέγιστης Φειδωλότητας (Maximum Parsimony) και της Μπεϊεσιανής Συμπερασματολογίας (Bayesian Inference). Το τελικό μήκος των αλληλουχιών μετά την επεξεργασία ήταν 396 θέσεις για το γενετικό τόπο 16S και 500 θέσεις για το γενετικό τόπο COI. Τα δεδομένα από τους δύο γενετικούς τόπους ήταν δυνατό να συνδυαστούν, επομένως πραγματοποιήθηκε τόσο ανεξάρτητη όσο και συνδυασμένη ανάλυση. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από τη χρήση των μιτοχονδριακών μοριακών δεικτών και την εφαρμογή των φυλογενετικών μεθόδων που προαναφέρθηκαν, τόσο όσον αφορά τις νουκλεοτιδικές αποκλίσεις όσο και τα φυλογενετικά δέντρα που προέκυψαν, επιβεβαιώνουν τη μεγάλη γενετική διαφοροποίηση μεταξύ των δύο ειδών και αναγνωρίζουν επίσης μεγάλη γενετική διαφοροποίηση μεταξύ των πληθυσμών του είδους Sphaeroma serratum. Η διαφοροποίηση αυτή δεν ακολουθεί κάποιο σαφές γεωγραφικό πρότυπο, ωστόσο φαίνεται να συνδέεται με τα διαφορετικά επίπεδα αλατότητας που παρατηρούνται στις διάφορες περιοχές συλλογής. Οδηγούμαστε συνεπώς στην υπόθεση ότι είναι πιθανή η ύπαρξη κρυπτικών ειδών μέσα στους πληθυσμούς του είδους. / Isopods, the most diverse in form and the most species-rich crustaceans of the superorder Peracarida, have successfully settled all possible habitats. The family Sphaeromatidae (Latreille, 1825) is classified in the suborder Flabellifera (one of the 10 suborders of isopods). Two representatives of this family are the species Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787) and Lekanesphaera hookeri (Leach, 1814). They are both cosmopolitan species and have colonized widely the Greek marine shorelines and lagoons. The phylogenetic relations studies in Greece regard only terrestrial isopods, due to the large variety of endemic species. However, there are also non terrestrial species that haven’t been studied yet. This type of studies could give answers to questions about the isolation mechanisms of the populations, about ecological factors and the palaeogeography of Greece. The present study is the first attempt to resolve the phylogenetic relations of the two species mentioned above, in Greece and generally in Europe. In order to resolve those relations, we used two mitochondrial markers (16S rDNA and COI) from 18 populations of Sphaeroma serratum and 2 populations of Lekanesphaera hookeri (outgroup). Our experimental approach included PCR amplification, sequencing and computational statistic and phylogenetic analyses using Neighbor Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. Regardless of the method used, the results verify the great genetic divergence between the two species and also indicate great divergence among the populations of Sphaeroma serratum. Divergence patterns do not show any clear geographic structure, although they seam to be related somehow with the different salinity levels observed in the sampling regions, implicating the existence of cryptic species.