The thesis analyzes the development and status of the Olympic Movement in the Visegrad countries and makes the mutual comparison of it in these countries. History of development of modern sport since its inception, including interest in the nascent Olympic Movement in these countries, has similar features. Especially after the onset of communism the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary and Poland, went, not only in sport, through similar developments. This area was "united" and its management has pursued state organization, which claimed to control all branches of sport. After the fall of the communist regime awaited new challenges for sport. Sport had to at least partially replace state funding for alternative sources, build it's own structures, set up relationships between subjects of sports scene, establish the place in these relations and structures of the Olympic Committee or influence the legislative framework for their own effect. During the research it became clear that understanding the development of sport and the Olympic Movement after the fall of communism is not possible without a thorough description of the situation in the region after the Second World War and the emergence of communist regimes in the countries of the future Visegrad Four. Therefore, the original intention, working primarily...

The thesis analyzes the development and status of the Olympic Movement in the Visegrad countries and makes the mutual comparison of it in these countries. History of development of modern sport since its inception, including interest in the nascent Olympic Movement in these countries, has similar features. Especially after the onset of communism the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary and Poland, went, not only in sport, through similar developments. This area was "united" and its management has pursued state organization, which claimed to control all branches of sport. After the fall of the communist regime awaited new challenges for sport. Sport had to at least partially replace state funding for alternative sources, build it's own structures, set up relationships between subjects of sports scene, establish the place in these relations and structures of the Olympic Committee or influence the legislative framework for their own effect. During the research it became clear that understanding the development of sport and the Olympic Movement after the fall of communism is not possible without a thorough description of the situation in the region after the Second World War and the emergence of communist regimes in the countries of the future Visegrad Four. Therefore, the original intention, working primarily...

In the theory part of this thesis will examine the connection between politics and sport, including the politicization of major sport events and the particular role of non-democratic states as host nations. In the empirical part, three case studies (Summer Olympics Beijing 2008, Winter Olympics Sochi 2014, and FIFA World Cup Qatar 2018) will be analyzed in the light of how they have influenced (or have the potential to influence) reforms, the adoption of democratic structures, and the human rights situation.

The case of the Ultras’ mobilisation and their subsequent demobilisation in the Egyptian revolutionary and post-revolutionary context raises the question of the relationship between the notion of contention and repression, which are questions that are at the centre of debates in the literature. Based on a thorough analysis of the Ultras groups’ collective actions, this dissertation aims at understanding the mobilisation and demobilisation mechanisms at play in revolutionary and post-revolutionary Egypt. Inspired by the literature of contentious collective action and the sociology of sport in various national contexts, we aim at answering the following question: how and in what ways did the Ultras adapt their tools and spaces of mobilisation to avoid state repression? This further prompted the question of the Ultras’ impact on the making of spaces of contention and the general capacity of football fandom to encourage mobilisation. The generalised context of surveillance and control encouraged the development of alternative means and spaces to avoid state repression. Among these alternatives means and spaces, were the stadium, as well as the Ultras’ street art and songs. By investing and (re)possessing these spaces, we show that the Ultras were able to transform a space into an area of conflict and contestation. In other words, these alternative means and spaces can be seen as a way for them to break away from the shackles of social and institutional norms to oppose the general “paradigm of depression, control and normalisation of apathy”. The return to authoritarianism and the coming to power of General Abdel Fattah al Sisi (since June 2013), however, drastically impacted on collective action, as the various groups witnessed the progressive destruction of the spaces of protest and memorialisation that had been developing since the onset of the uprisings. In this regard, we investigate the issue of the demobilisation of the Ultras groups and progressive effacement of spaces of contention. Looking back on the events of the 2011 uprisings and the subsequent 2013 uprisings against president Morsi and regime response, we establish that the general disappearance of protest is linked to the banalisation of violence, which instilled this idea that brutality was commonplace, almost inconsequential because a part of Egyptians’ daily lives. We conclude the dissertation by reflecting on the delocalisation of dissent through the collective act of remembrance. Indeed, the new laws on social media suggest additional efforts from the regime to contain and control political dissent, further contributing to the expansion of the concept of “tentacular state”. In this regard, the acts of remembrance can be understood as a way for the social actors to redefine their repertoires of collective action. Through the digitisation and subsequent dissemination of narratives, photos, videos and sounds, social actors such as the Ultras repossess new spaces of dissent and resistance beyond their physical borders. Ultimately, the power of digitisation and collective acts of remembrance lies in their capacity and potential to stimulate dissent, thus securing political effects. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Master's thesis called How Did Sports Journalism Change in Czechoslovakian Press after 1948? Comparing Periods 1945-1948 and 1953-1958 deals with the development and comparison of sports journalism in post-war Czechoslovakia and through the qualitative content analysis of three selected sports periodicals (Ruch v tělesné výchově/Ruch v tělovýchově a sportu, Stadion, Československý sport). Research focuses on media reports, graphic and language changes and organizational development of the periodicals. Secondary subjects are the fate of selected editors, the post-war development of the Sports Journalists Society and the unification of physical education movement. The author used the rich archive material of individual editions of sports periodicals and sources from the National Archives. Secondarily he used the review literature on media development and journalism after World War II, using historical monographs to analyze the historical context that is absolutely crucial to understanding post-war developments in Czechoslovakia and the press.