Title: History of Czechoslovak and Czech University Volleyball Objectives: Analysis of university volleyball and its role in university sport in former Czechoslovakia. Importace of university volleyball in context of Czech and Czechoslovak volleyball history. Today situation. Methods: Heuristic. Analysis of primary and secondary sources and synthesis. (Inderict) Eyewitness evidence. source criticism: authenticity, historical reliability; chronological method Results: University volleyball participated extensively on creating the elite Czechoslovakia position in international volleyball in the first half of 20th century. The Czech volleyball top league depends over a long period on players out of university students. Keywords: university sport, university volleyball contests, organisation

我國自1995年開始，為促進高等教育資源有效運用，對規模較小或同性質較高之國立大學推動整併，期望將高等教育資源作更合理的分配，亦能提升辦學績效，並使最少投資，發揮最大經濟規模效益，追求大學卓越發展，進而提升國家競爭力。教育部為整合資源、發揮綜效、掌握契機、提升體育競爭力，建立科際整合的體育學術殿堂，將現有位於桃園之國立體育學院及位於臺中的臺灣體育學院整併為國立臺灣體育大學。 本研究以國立臺灣體育大學（桃園）為範圍，依據企業組織整併理論及國內外大學整併經驗，分析體育大學整併內外環境，且以規模經濟、大眾化與市場化、共同成長原則為評估指標，訪談桃園校區參與整併之教職員，研究發現如下： 一、影響大學整併成敗原因，通常並非單一因素。 二、世界各國大學整併通常為政府積極推動，其中較好的方式係政府除規劃充分之整併環境外，其餘包括整併對象選擇到協商過程，均應交由整併雙方學校自主選擇。 三、體育大學整併最大問題為距離遠、同質性高，整併後仍為單科專業大學，以致二校區現有系所與運動代表隊，具有高度重疊性，使各類教職員隱含遷調危機及面對變動可能影響自身權益，帶來不安定之心。 四、當政府推動體育大學整併，先強制選擇對象而後以協商方式推動，不能貫徹整併政策，又不願強力積極介入訂定組織架構及組織規程，此為體育大學整併邁向失敗主要原因。 依據上述研究發現，建議教育部宜參採國外大學整併實施經驗並應通盤考量；現有大學整併之法制位階不足，不完備亟待改進；推動大學整併，應依既定大學整併原則實施，避免過多政治因素涉入；教育部對體育大學整併政策要及早規劃；除大學整併之外，亦可考慮大學合作；國家運動競技發展，需要政府大力提供資源。對國立臺灣體育大學桃園校區之建議，體育大學整併是學校發展的契機；應積極發展體育學術、強化競技；體育大學整併如繼續規劃，應採區域鄰近、異質互補方向辦理；教職員工須培養第二專長，因應學校組織整併變局。 關鍵字：高等教育、整併、體育大學 / For a more efficient use and reasonable distribution of advanced educational resources, advance of teaching performances, excellent developments of universities, the maximum economic benefits with least investment, and augment of national competitiveness, Taiwan government had made efforts since 1995 which tried to carry out the merger among small-scale or homogeneous national colleges/ universities. The Ministry of Education led a policy which integrated National College of Physical Education and Sports in Taoyuan and National Taiwan College of Physical Education in Taichung into National Taiwan Sport University to integrate the resources. Consequently, it could achieve the best performances, to promote the competitiveness in physical education fields, and establish a subject-integrated scholastic palace. This research used National Taiwan Sport University in Taoyuan as a sample to analysis the internal and external environment of merging the two schools by applying organization merger theories and experiences of merger from local and oversea universities. Furthermore, this research made some in-depth interviews with the faculty staffs in Taoyuan campus who played a part in merger project with the the indexes for evaluation of scaled economies, popularization, marketization and mutual-growth principals. The findings were as bellowing: 1 The factors that influence the results of the merger are more than one attribution. 2 Looking into the merger cases abroad, the governmental authorities usually played active roles contributing to the implementation of the merger of the universities. One of the better modes is that government plans the environment of merger adequately, and allowed the two parties of merger schools autonomy in the process of negotiation and selecting their coping parties. 3 When the process of merger, the most serious problem for which National Taiwan Sport University had faced was the long distances, high homogeneity, and overlapping of the profession in terms of academic departments after merger so that the present departments and sport teams represented high overlap, which makes faculty staffs faced variation of position, worried for their vested interests to be affected, and felt uncertain for the changes. 4 The main reasons why the merger of the two physical colleges failed in the end were discussed on two dimensions as following. On the one hand government forced the colleges to choose parts then motivate the merger with negotiation, which couldn’t implement the policy, and on the other government wouldn’t interfered in concluding treaties of organizational frameworks and regulations when the government promoted the merger. Based on the findings mentioned above, this study suggested that Ministry of Education should take thorough consideration and refer to some empirical merger experiences from overseas universities before the Ministry initiated implementation of domestic merger strategies first. Second, lacking legislation for executed authorities to promote the merger among universities contributed to an inefficient implementation of the strategies; on this regard, there should be plenty of rooms left for improvement for the governmental side. Third, the whole merger strategies should be brought out much earlier in advance by the government and besides the issue of “merger” that could create benefits, the possibilities of the collaboration and cooperation between universities should also be taken into account. Last but not least, the developments of sports and athletics which indicate a nation’s competiveness would always rely on the full support by the governments to provide sufficient resources. As for National Taiwan Sport University, the merger was considered a critical timing for the school to initiate their developments; one should take the opportunity to improve academic research of physical education, and to foster athletic events and sports. If the continuity of the merger is carried out, the school is suggested to adhere some of the principals indicating to select the coping parties physically nearby; however with heterogeneity in the professional fields for the complementation. Furthermore, the faculty staff of the school is expected to cultivate their second specialty in order to meet the demands derived from the change caused by the merger. Keywords：higher education; merger; Sport university

Title The interest in sport by the students of 2nd and 3rd Faculty of Medicine Objectives The goal of the thesis was to ascertain the structure of sports interests by the students of 2nd and 3rd Faculty of Medicine CU and relevancy to outdoor sports. Methods Questionnaire evaluation with thirteen open and closed questions. The questionnaire was not standardized. The analysis and evaluation of the facts were accomplished by the column chart and the tables. The set was constituted by 407 students, 182 students were from 2nd and 225 students were from 3rd Faculty of Medicine CU. Results The students of 2nd and 3rd Faculty of Medicine CU work out usually two to four hours a week. They are interested in individual sports. 98 students are interested in swimming, 63 students in running, 40 students in fitness sport. Their most favourite sports same is volleyball (62 students). They are very interested in outdoor sports, all above cycling (111), hiking (40) and downhill skiing (47). Discussion and Conclusions The university education has a positive effect on physical activity, the people with degree do sport more frequently then the rest of society. The students prefer individual sports, the most frequently swimming, running and fitness sport. The students are very interested in winter and summer sports...