The outcome of this research has been to gain insight into the processes of bidding for New Zealand hosted sports events with a particular focus on understanding the factors that make a successful bid. It investigated the perceptions of the two parties associated with an event bid: the event bidders and the event owners. The research has also compared and contrasted the international findings with the New Zealand findings and a model of the event bidding process (Targeted Model), from the perspective of the local government event bidder, has been developed.Of the international research that had been done on event bidding the majority had been focused towards identifying the success factors when bidding for high-profile mega-events such as the Olympic Games. At the local level, the literature review identified that no such research had been conducted on event bidding within New Zealand. This lack of research presented the opportunity to gain an insight into the event bidding process within New Zealand. Due to the competitive nature of event bidding, New Zealand event bidders tend to work in isolation and there is no collective understanding of those factors that secure a bid. This research has overcome this isolation and presented a collective understanding of the success factors.Using the grounded theory methodology, common success factors and a model of the event bidding process emerged from the data. Common success factors that were frequently mentioned by event owners and event bidders included the need for government support, providing adequate event infrastructure, previous event management experience and providing quality information. The event owners tended to focus on those factors that ensured the successful delivery of the event. In addition, the event bidders mentioned common success factors that enhanced the bid: previous bidding experience; partnerships and relationships; bid leadership; research; providing quality information; using figureheads; making an emotional connection with the decision makers.The Targeted Model identifies the critical stages in the bidding process from the perspective of the New Zealand local government event bidder. An important step in event bidding is the "Bid Development Stage" where the event bidders are attempting to fulfil, and in most cases, exceed the criteria presented by the event owners. Event bidders who achieve the state of "Best Fit" - the desired outcome of the bid process where the event owners' conscious needs and unconscious desires are best met by an event bid - will succeed in winning the bid.The significance of this research is that it is the first of its kind in New Zealand, from which further research on event bidding will be able to compare and evolve from. One of the outcomes of the grounded theory methodology is that the findings are useful for the participants. It is envisaged that the results from this research will have practical applications for the events industry as it provides useful insights to the factors that win a bid and clearly models the bidding process.

The outcome of this research has been to gain insight into the processes of bidding for New Zealand hosted sports events with a particular focus on understanding the factors that make a successful bid. It investigated the perceptions of the two parties associated with an event bid: the event bidders and the event owners. The research has also compared and contrasted the international findings with the New Zealand findings and a model of the event bidding process (Targeted Model), from the perspective of the local government event bidder, has been developed.Of the international research that had been done on event bidding the majority had been focused towards identifying the success factors when bidding for high-profile mega-events such as the Olympic Games. At the local level, the literature review identified that no such research had been conducted on event bidding within New Zealand. This lack of research presented the opportunity to gain an insight into the event bidding process within New Zealand. Due to the competitive nature of event bidding, New Zealand event bidders tend to work in isolation and there is no collective understanding of those factors that secure a bid. This research has overcome this isolation and presented a collective understanding of the success factors.Using the grounded theory methodology, common success factors and a model of the event bidding process emerged from the data. Common success factors that were frequently mentioned by event owners and event bidders included the need for government support, providing adequate event infrastructure, previous event management experience and providing quality information. The event owners tended to focus on those factors that ensured the successful delivery of the event. In addition, the event bidders mentioned common success factors that enhanced the bid: previous bidding experience; partnerships and relationships; bid leadership; research; providing quality information; using figureheads; making an emotional connection with the decision makers.The Targeted Model identifies the critical stages in the bidding process from the perspective of the New Zealand local government event bidder. An important step in event bidding is the "Bid Development Stage" where the event bidders are attempting to fulfil, and in most cases, exceed the criteria presented by the event owners. Event bidders who achieve the state of "Best Fit" - the desired outcome of the bid process where the event owners' conscious needs and unconscious desires are best met by an event bid - will succeed in winning the bid.The significance of this research is that it is the first of its kind in New Zealand, from which further research on event bidding will be able to compare and evolve from. One of the outcomes of the grounded theory methodology is that the findings are useful for the participants. It is envisaged that the results from this research will have practical applications for the events industry as it provides useful insights to the factors that win a bid and clearly models the bidding process.

This reports main focus is to highlight the benefits of advertising during televised sporting events in an American market. In this report an overview of the current state of advertising and sports marketing is discussed along with historical and cultural analysis of both advertising and sports in the American culture. Among the arguments discussed, a major one will be how in this current media landscape sports is one of the best vehicles to reach a target markets directly without having to compete with many of the new technologies that are on the market today. The central backing for this argument comes from research conducted by interviewing experts in the fields of advertising, sports marketing, and analyzing articles and reports on the subject matter. With a shift in how media is consumed it is important for companies to understand what is the best way to reach an audiences and that some of the rules of advertising are shifting to meet with the changing landscape. Both real-world and academically evaluated examples are given to exhibit the potencies that Advertising during sports events has and how is the current market sports is becoming a more valued asset moving forward. Another issue that is discussed is possible area of further study which would focus on the evolution of mobile advertising and sports. / text

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-102).

The present study is an interrogation of theories of culture and nation in the context of spectacular sports. It proposes a view of nationalism as discourses that articulate and produce nations through narrative acts. A wide array of concepts and tools are drawn from the work of Pierre Bourdieu and contrasted with methods and notions from discursive and semiotic analysis to interrogate a national-sports nexus in which sports are vehicles to embody nations, their matrices of thought and perception, and their dominant order of masculinity and heteronormativity in the national subject, so that this order appears natural and commonsensical. Particular attention is given to the case of South Africa’s participation in the 1998 World Cup, and the way the epic genre was employed to frame the event and produce a particular kind of national body. Spectacular sports events provide nations with opportunities to disseminate narratives that regulate desire and conjure a particular kind of national fantasy – what Bourdieu referred to as illusio – in subjects. This work makes a distinction between an epic body of nationalism, a body enmeshed in "the natural and authentic," and an excessive body. However, mediations of sports are never merely reflections of social events but themselves participate in producing these events as meaningful and anchor them as national. Furthermore, an actively interpreting subject is required for the production of meaning, and in this regard the thesis offers a critique of Bourdieu’s limited view on what it entails for a recipient of nationalist discourse to be active. The questions addressed by this study is twofold: how and what kind of national order of the body and desire is manufactured through spectacular sports events, and how are mediations of such events made meaningful in subjects? The open-ended character of signification means that beneath the level of nationalist anchorage of spectacular sports events other articulations are possible. Drawing on Bourdieu’s view of sports as forms of silent dressage, the thesis suggests that there is a potential excess of meaning that enables such events to become potential sites of subjective truth: as viewers realise the fantasmatic character of such mediations they may come to question the notion that spectacular sports are something more than just a game.

The aim of this research was to discuss about event management theory and how the Liiga (the major ice hockey league in Finland) team organisations could use this theory to improve their home game events. This topic has been divided into two research questions from which the first discusses the current situation and the other gives suggestions for future improvements for the Liiga team organisations. This research is conducted as a master’s theses and it has been conducted in years 2014 to 2016. In order to understand the research topic the general theory of event management has been told from the sporting event point of view. This theory has been divided into two different sections which are the five stages of event management and the operational strategies of event management. Answers for the research questions have been search with a qualitative research and its methods of interview and questionnaire, observation and content analysis. These methods and the way these have been used in this research are introduced after the event management theory. The data collected with the selected qualitative research methods has been introduced as empirical findings. These empirical findings are introduced a research method at a time and in a same order as the data has been collected. After introducing the collected data it has been carefully analysed. The analysis have also been divided into two section from which the first answers to the first research question concerning the current situation and the other the second questions concerning the future improvement that could be done. The first part of analysis has been made in a same chronological order as the event management theory has been written in order it to be easy to compere these two to each other. In the end the conclusions of this research and its research questions are introduced. Also the knowledge which this research is offering for the tourism industry and for its readers have been discussed. This are also a lot of different ways how this research could be continued and made further and these ways have been discussed as well. Last but not least the research has been viewed critically and the quality of it has been questioned.

Hui, Pik Hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-27). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.Ill / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV / LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES --- p.V / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- THE INSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 . --- EVOLVEMENT OF MODERN SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2. --- THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3. --- BIDDING FOR THE GAMES --- p.7 / Chapter 2.4. --- FINANCING THE OLYMPIC GAMES --- p.8 / Chapter 3. --- WILL OLYMPICS GENERATE ECONOMIC GROWTH? --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1. --- DATA AND MODEL --- p.10 / Chapter 3.2. --- ESTIMATION RESULTS --- p.13 / Chapter 3.3. --- MODEL EXTENSION --- p.16 / Chapter 4. --- HOW TO WIN THE OLYMPICS --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1. --- MODEL AND DATA --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2. --- ESTIMATION RESULTS --- p.20 / Chapter 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.21 / Chapter 6. --- REFERENCES --- p.23 / Chapter 7. --- APPENDIX --- p.55

In New Zealand the development and promotion of sporting events is becoming increasingly popular, due in part to the role of sport in building the nation's identity, the economic benefits, and a growing awareness of the importance of health and fitness within the community. Given this increased popularity it is important that the impacts of these events upon the local 'host' communities be understood. Social impacts have been given more and more attention in recent years by event researchers, due to the recognition that the long term sustainability of such events can only be achieved with the approval and participation of residents. This research addresses these issues in the context of Taupo, New Zealand using the case of Ironman New Zealand.This thesis adopts a mixed method approach using interviews (n=7), participant observation, and a web-survey (n=111). The findings confirm that it is vital to investigate and understand impacts of events on host communities. The findings are also consistent with theories identified in the literature in terms of the nature of social impacts on host communities. The overall results indicate that residents are aware of both the positive and negative impacts of Ironman New Zealand. Respondents highlight positive impacts such as economic benefits, exposure of Taupo, community togetherness, and the encouragement of sports, yet they also recognize negative impacts such as inconvenience from traffic congestion, and road closures. Accordingly, the community was grouped into three distinct clusters with positive, negative and ambivalent perceptions, and were labelled 'Lovers', 'Pessimists' and 'Realists'. The findings further suggest that the use of web-surveying for community research is still in its infancy and needs further development enabling it to be used as an effective tool. Finally it is proposed that small to medium scale sporting event hosted in regional communities may contribute to a sense of community and to the creation of social capital. Further research is needed to confirm this proposition.

In New Zealand the development and promotion of sporting events is becoming increasingly popular, due in part to the role of sport in building the nation's identity, the economic benefits, and a growing awareness of the importance of health and fitness within the community. Given this increased popularity it is important that the impacts of these events upon the local 'host' communities be understood. Social impacts have been given more and more attention in recent years by event researchers, due to the recognition that the long term sustainability of such events can only be achieved with the approval and participation of residents. This research addresses these issues in the context of Taupo, New Zealand using the case of Ironman New Zealand.This thesis adopts a mixed method approach using interviews (n=7), participant observation, and a web-survey (n=111). The findings confirm that it is vital to investigate and understand impacts of events on host communities. The findings are also consistent with theories identified in the literature in terms of the nature of social impacts on host communities. The overall results indicate that residents are aware of both the positive and negative impacts of Ironman New Zealand. Respondents highlight positive impacts such as economic benefits, exposure of Taupo, community togetherness, and the encouragement of sports, yet they also recognize negative impacts such as inconvenience from traffic congestion, and road closures. Accordingly, the community was grouped into three distinct clusters with positive, negative and ambivalent perceptions, and were labelled 'Lovers', 'Pessimists' and 'Realists'. The findings further suggest that the use of web-surveying for community research is still in its infancy and needs further development enabling it to be used as an effective tool. Finally it is proposed that small to medium scale sporting event hosted in regional communities may contribute to a sense of community and to the creation of social capital. Further research is needed to confirm this proposition.