Within the discipline of Performance Studies there is a debate about what is included within the ontology of “performance.” Peggy Phelan suggests that performance can only be experienced in the here and now, and any recording of a performance makes it “something other than performance.” Phillip Auslander argues the exact opposite, claiming that mediatized performance is not only valid, but also preferable to the live. This thesis is about performance in sports broadcasting, and states that performance, like sport, can be valid in both live and mediatized forms. The thesis also details how sports broadcasters perform and how their performance changes based on the time frame of the sport they're talking about: past, present and future. When sports are televised the process of broadcasting creates voids and gaps in the viewing experience that must be filled by the sportscasters. For past sporting events SportsCenter, and highlight shows like it, cut entire sporting events down to segments that only last a few moments. A need is created for these sportscasters to fill in the gaps with their performances, which explain what is happening, analyze how the game was played, and give humor and fun to the images. When announcers and analysts perform over live games they attempt to make up for the gap in broadcasting by narrativizing the event and turning a contest into a story. They do this by giving background information and histories about the game and players, explaining how the game is played, why events unfolded the way that they did, and bringing excitement to the game by how excited they themselves become. When Sportscasters predict outcomes of future events they usually do so by first looking to the past, and then making prognostications based on either statistical data, or on their own “gut” feelings. These predictions are very rarely accurate, and mostly have as much validity as guesses. Through these performances the sportscasters can sometimes greatly enhance a viewing experience of a game, but sometimes these performers take away from the enjoyment and the essence of the sports they broadcast. Viewers need to be aware of how performers can manipulate, or attempt to manipulate, an audience to keep them tuned in.

Statutory licenses with reference to the broadcasting of sports events This thesis is focused on the topic of statutory licenses with reference to the broadcasting of sports events. As mentioned right at the beginning of the thesis, the statutory licenses belong together with the free use and compulsory licenses to the extra-contractual institutes. They enable any third person, while meeting statutory requirements, the use of a copyright work or a subject-matter of related rights without a consent of the rightholder. The main reason why they were introduced into the international, European and national legal systems, was especially the endeavour to achieve a fair balance of rights and interests between different categories of rightholders and users of protected subject-matters. The crucial document on the European level in the field of treatment of exceptions and limitations to the rights is the Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society which provides a comprehensive list of one mandatory and twenty facultative exceptions and limitations, as well as the so-called three-step test. This Directive is closely discussed throughout the whole thesis. Nevertheless, the...

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Barbara DeSanto / The purpose of this study was to take a closer look at the use of advanced statistics in Major League Baseball (MLB) radio broadcasts and the possible effects usage could have on the roles of MLB broadcasters. This study used a theoretical framework supported by role theory and diffusion of innovations theory. The study employed in-depth interviews of eight MLB radio broadcasters to get a better understanding of the broadcasters’ thoughts on the value of advanced statistics, how using advanced statistics could affect their role as a broadcaster, the factors that influence the potential inclusion of advanced statistics in their broadcasts, and ultimately, whether broadcasters perceived advanced statistics as a trend or a fad. The interviews revealed a number of things about the baseball broadcasting industry with disagreements appearing in regards to techniques in using advanced statistics in broadcasts and the value of advanced statistics to listeners. Despite the disagreements, the most important finding was the unanimous belief that advanced statistics are not a fad, but rather something that will remain a part of baseball broadcasts going forward.

This diploma thesis is focused on the live-broadcast sports events commentary which is a strictly specific journalistic profession and also one of the most challenging news disciplines of them all. It mainly concentrates on the professional commentators ("play-by-play") in the television environment. To define differences between performances of commentators in public and private television stations using linguistic and quantitative context analysis is the main goal of this thesis. The gender issues in the live-broadcast sports events commentary as a field - which are very rare in the Czech academic environment - are also being evaluated here. Transcripts of commentaries of previously chosen ice hockey matches are the main source for practical chapters of this publication. In both theoretical and practical parts of the thesis, author also considers his own interviews conducted with commentators and other professionals from selected field.

This thesis describes the development of the sports broadcasting in Czechoslovakia in the form of the practical research and historical analysis. The examined period starts in 1923 as the beginning of the existence of Radiojournal - the first radio station in Czechoslovakia and is defined by the year 1948. The thesis is systematically divided into five periods in which I describe the first signs of the interest in the sport in a regular radio broadcasting, first major sports events broadcasted by Radiojournal, organizational, personnel and technical background, marginal sports. Selected sport events with greater or minor importance are also described, as they were gradually transmitted by Radiojournal or Czechoslovak Radio in different periods. The thesis also mentions the occupation of the Czechoslovak Republic during the World War II, when has the interest in the sports radio broadcasting decreased but not vanished completely. There are outlined the activities of Josef Laufer during this period too. Laufer was Czechoslovak icon of the sports radio broadcasting. There is described the personnel expansion and the development of the independent sports redaction in the postwar period. This thesis is based on the practical research in the archive of the Czech Radio, the most beneficial information was provided...

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Les droits audiovisuels des manifestations sportives constituent un ensemble juridique complexe en constante évolution. La reconnaissance du monopole d’exploitation de la manifestation sportive au profit de l’organisateur, qui légitime la commercialisation des droits, constitue la pierre angulaire de cette construction. L’identification des entités titulaires des droits ne va pas de soi, le propriétaire n’ayant pas systématiquement vocation à les commercialiser. La procédure de mise en concurrence sur le marché demande de plus à être clarifiée compte tenu de la proximité des régimes juridiques en présence. Dans ce contexte, la commercialisation des droits donne lieu à un contrat dont la qualification juridique doit être précisée au regard des différentes dénominations rencontrées. L’environnement du contrat, qui permet d’appréhender comment sa réalité juridique est prise en compte par le droit à l’information et les contrats périphériques, ne peut pas être ignoré. Il s’agit ainsi de rechercher les implications juridiques attachées aux droits audiovisuels des manifestations sportives, de la phase de commercialisation au contrat. Plusieurs champs juridiques complémentaires et imbriqués irriguent alors cette recherche sur les droits audiovisuels des manifestations sportives, renforçant ainsi sa spécificité / Sports broadcasting rights are governed by a complex legal code in constant evolution. The notion that the organizer retains exclusive rights to the use of the sporting event, which legitimizes the commercialization of these rights, is the cornerstone of the system. Identifying the entities that hold the rights is not easy as the owner does not systematically retain commercialization rights. The approach to bringing broadcasting to market must be clarified due to the overlapping of legal domains. In this case, the commercialization of rights is outlined in a contract whose legal characteristics must be specified in accordance with the different denominations involved. The context in which the contract is drawn up cannot be ignored as it allows one to understand how its legal reality is taken into account by the right to information as well as related contracts. This dissertation looks at the legal implications of audiovisual broadcasting rights of sporting events, from the commercialization phase to the contract. Several complementary legal fields are linked to the research on sports broadcasting rights, thus strengthening its originality

This thesis deals with medial presentation of two most watched sporting events in the Czech Republic the football Synot league and hockey Tipsport league, on channel ČT Sport. The first chapter introduces the history and play system the top two competitions. The second chapter lists the most important corruption scandals since 1993 in the Czech football and hockey, and discuss also the issue of hooliganism. The third chapter presents the history of the channel ČT Sport, all programs dealing with hockey and football competitions, the most important journalistic tools and TV professions involved in these programs. The fourth chapter presents the first part of the analysis of the two selected TV programs. The fifth chapter presents the analysis of communication and semiotic aspects of the programs Bully and Studio. The sixth chapter contains the author's own survey, which focuses on the perception of programs Bully and Studio from the perspective of the grand public. The aim of this thesis is to determine which of the competitions is presented in a better way, both from a professional point of view and in terms of the perception of spectators.

The author aims to focus the work on the formation of audiences from the early days of television. The key is to introduce readers to the beginnings of broadcasting from the perspective of the viewer, not just the overview of the history of television broadcasting in Czechoslovakia. The studied time period is mainly the 50s of 20th century with a brief insight into the interwar period. In the end the author compares the past with current state of television entertainment. The work is methodologically processed by archival research and professional literature in combination with the oral history method using real interviews with narrators. This leads to a comparison of officially available information about the beginnings of television broadcasting with the testimony of their direct audience.However, the result of the research is a mutual agreement in the field of television technology (first receivers), as well as in the sphere of program distribution, in the social area and also it presents how popular was the television in leisure activities of population in the 50s­60s of 20th century.