in English A Comparison of the Legal Status of Professional Football Players in Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic The thesis is, above all, a response to the still largely unresolved situation regarding the Czech legal regulation of the activities performed by professional sportspeople practising the so-called team sports. According to many opinions, it appears highly likely that professional sporting activity fully meets the legal definition of "dependent labour" which should be performed solely within labour relationships in accordance with the labour code; however, the contemporary practice is vastly different. The overwhelming majority of professional sportspeople and their clubs enter into so-called innominate contracts governed by the civil code; this approach has been explicitly found permissible by the Supreme Administrative Court within its stable case-law. On the one hand, such practice provides the flexibility that is much needed in professional sports and is also financially beneficial for both sides. On the other hand, however, it denies sportspeople of the legal protection they would enjoy as employees. This is why there have recently been gradually intensifying calls suggesting that the status quo is unsatisfactory and unsustainable; this conclusion seems to...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Marchetti Marcondes.pdf: 1161112 bytes, checksum: 4745ef914408134f883713606c3519d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / This work aims to examine taxation on compensation received by entertainers and sportspeople for the license granted to third parties to use their image rights. Current legislation approaches the matter in a generic way, either equating the use of an image right to a simple obligation to use or to an obligation to give or even not specifically regulating the subject. Therefore, we will present an investigative method by means of which it is possible to consistently decide whether or not to levy taxes in such operations. The proposal herein is to start examining the transaction concerning the use of an image by identifying the main activity agreed in order to subsequently evaluate if such rendering implies an obligation whose legal nature is either to do or to give. The conclusion for charging or not the various taxes will result from the comparison between each tax s material aspect and the legal nature of the analyzed obligation. Notwithstanding, we aim to previously define the characteristic features of personality rights, especially image rights, in order to be able to indicate the constitutional protection provided to the image in its several aspects: social image, sole external image and group external image, differentiating them from arena rights. The purpose is also to analyze distinctive features of the image, which make it a sole and unique right, as well as its legal nature from the several theories developed by the doctrine so as to define the parameters of the image. It is only after the abovementioned definition that this work will effectively examine the compensation gained by the image rights holder. The identification of the main activities involved and their legal nature will allow one to decide on the subsumption of facts concerning the use of the images of entertainers and sportspeople to the following taxes: Municipal Tax on Services (ISS), State Tax on Distribution of Goods, Transport and Communication Services (ICMS), Income Tax (IR), Social Contribution on Net Profits (CSL), Contribution for the Social Integration Program (PIS) and Contribution for the Financing of Social Security (COFINS), Contribution for Economic Intervention Royalties (CIDE-royalties) and Import and Export Duty. By examining the taxation by Income Tax, we will also analyze the possibility of entertainers and sportspeople to constitute legal entities aiming to exploit personal rights and the situations in which it is accepted to disregard the corporate entity. Finally, the paper will address the taxation regime applicable to international transactions comprising the use of the image of those entertainers and sportspeople, in situations which the purpose is an obligation to do and in those in which the purpose is an obligation to give, in compliance with OECD Model Convention and the treaties signed by Brazil in order to avoid double taxation / O trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a tributação da contraprestação recebida por artistas e esportistas em decorrência da licença concedida a terceiros para o uso do direito sobre a sua imagem. Como a legislação existente trata do assunto de forma genérica, ora equiparando a sua utilização a uma obrigação de fazer, ora a uma obrigação de dar, ou mesmo não regulando especificamente a matéria, apresentamos um método investigativo pelo qual é possível concluir com consistência pela incidência ou pela não incidência dos tributos nessas operações. A proposta aqui trazida é a de se examinarem os negócios que envolvam a utilização da imagem a partir da identificação da atividade-fim contratada, para, posteriormente, avaliar se tal prestação consiste em uma obrigação cuja natureza jurídica é de um fazer ou de um dar. A conclusão pela cobrança ou não das espécies tributárias decorrerá do confronto da materialidade de cada uma delas com a natureza jurídica da obrigação analisada. Antes, porém, vamos fixar os traços característicos dos direitos da personalidade e, em especial, do direito de imagem, passando a apontar a tutela constitucional conferida à imagem nas suas diferentes vertentes: atributo, retrato e retrato em obras coletivas, diferenciando-as do direito de arena. Também serão analisados os traços caracterizadores da imagem, que a tornam um direito único e singular, bem como a sua natureza jurídica a partir das diversas teorias desenvolvidas pela doutrina, a fim de delinear os contornos da imagem. Somente após isso é que o estudo passará efetivamente a examinar a contraprestação auferida pelo detentor da imagem, com base na identificação das atividades-fim envolvidas e sua natureza jurídica para concluir pela sujeição ou não dos fatos envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas ao ISS, ao ICMS, ao IR, à CSL, ao PIS e à COFINS, à CIDEroyalties, ao Imposto de Importação e ao de Exportação. Ao se examinar a tributação pelo IR, também será analisada a possibilidade de artistas e esportistas constituírem pessoas jurídicas com a finalidade de explorar direitos personalíssimos e as situações em que se admite a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica. Por fim, o estudo abordará o regime jurídico tributário aplicável às transações internacionais envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas, nas situações em que o fim pretendido é um fazer e naquelas em que ele consiste em um dar, diante do disposto na Convenção Modelo OCDE e nos tratados firmados pelo Brasil para evitar a dupla tributação da renda