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As the effector component of the Notch signaling pathway the transcription factors of the CSL family (CBF1/RBP-Jκ/Suppressor of Hairless/Lag-1) are essential for many developmental processes in metazoan organisms, but they can function also independently of Notch. Recently, their presence was proved in fungal organisms lacking the Notch pathway as well as most of the known metazoan interacting partners. Cbf11 and Cbf12, the CSL proteins of the unicellular yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, were determined experimentally as non-essential nuclear transcription factors, which regulate cell adhesion, extracellular material production, colony morphology, septation and daughter cell separation, coordination of nuclear and cell division, and ploidy maintenance in an antagonistic way. The responsive genes of these factors are not known yet. In this study, genes of S. pombe, whose promoter regions represent potential direct targets for the Cbf proteins binding, were predicted. The binding of the Cbf11 and Cbf12 proteins, and of a truncated version Cbf12∆N to CSL response elements contained in the regulatory regions of selected S. pombe genes was tested in vitro by EMSA, and consequently, in the case of the Cbf11 protein, also in vivo by ChIP. Cbf11 and Cbf12∆N recognize specifically the response elements in...

Oxidative stress represents a complex and intensely studied phenomenon tightly linked to a range of human diseases, and to aging in many organisms. A plethora of key cellular regulators, including the Notch signaling pathway, have been recently described to respond to the cellular redox status. We have characterized the role of CSL (CBF1/Su(H)/LAG-1) proteins, the effectors of Notch signaling pathway in metazoa, in oxidative stress response in fission yeast. Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains two CSL paralogs, Cbf11 and Cbf12, that have antagonistic functions in the regulation of cell cycle and cellular adhesion. Both proteins are able to bind the canonical CSL motif and activate transcription and, thus, function as genuine CSL transcription factors. We have determined that the strain lacking cbf11 is resistant to hydrogen peroxide but not to menadione, a source of superoxide anion radical. Using double knock-outs to assess genetic interactions we have revealed that the resistance of cbf11 knock-out is dependent on the antioxidants catalase and sulfiredoxin. Genes encoding these antioxidants are under transcriptional control of the Sty1 MAP kinase pathway and the Pap1 transcription factor which are also required for the resistance of Δcbf11 cells. Cbf12 is believed to play only a minor role in...

Redox homeostasis maintenance is important for proper organism and cell function, for while relatively low amount of reactive oxygen (and nitrogen) species contributes to the fine tuning of signal transduction, excessive concentration of ROS (oxidative stress) has demonstrably harmful effects and is tightly connected to many pathological states. Cells therefore evolved broad palette of antioxidant mechanisms that express striking level of conservation among different species. Large, intricate stress response signaling networks have been already described; nonetheless, novel molecules employed in stress-related signaling are still being discovered. Several studies recently suggested transcription factors CSL, proteins essential for regulation of metazoan development as effectors of Notch signaling, are also involved in response to oxidative stress. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, well established model of response to various stresses, comprises two paralogs of CSL proteins - Cbf11 and Cbf12. We have found cells depleted of cbf11 are highly resistant to hydrogen peroxide. This resistance appears to be caused by upregulation of important stress responsive genes including ctt1, gst2, pyp2, and atf1. Cbf11 is therefore negative regulator of these genes, which suppresses their expression...

Proteins of the CSL family (CBF1/RBP-Jκ/Suppressor of Hairless/LAG-1) act as effectors of the Notch signalling pathway in metazoan organisms. They function as repressors or activators of gene transcription in the framework of this pathway and influence many developmental processes. Metazoan CSL proteins can regulate gene expression Notch-independently as well. Notch-independent functions of CSL proteins might be evolutionarily ancestral and in cells and organisms may be important equally as Notch-dependent functions. Presence of CSL proteins was identified in several fungal species, organisms lacking the Notch signalling pathway components and most of known metazoan interacting partners of CSL proteins. CSL paralogs of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cbf11 and cbf12, are non-essential genes encoding proteins localized in the nucleus of the cell. They exert antagonistic effects on regulation of processes like coordination of nuclear and cellular division and cell cycle progression, ploidy maintenance, cell adhesion and other. In this study, we have proved that both CSL paralogs are able to sequence-specifically bind the CSL-response element DNA in vitro and Cbf11 in vivo as well. Both proteins could activate gene expression in vivo and perform the function of transcription factors....

The concept of hyperreflexivity has previously been defined for subspaces of $B(X,Y)$, where $X$ and $Y$ are Banach spaces. We extend this concept to the subspaces of $B^n(X,Y)$, the space of bounded $n$-linear maps from $X\times\cdots\times X=X^{(n)}$ into $Y$, for any $n\in \mathbb{N}$. If $A$ is a Banach algebra and $X$ a Banach $A$-bimodule, we obtain sufficient conditions under which $\Zc^n(A,X)$, the space of all bounded $n$-cocycles from $A$ into $X$, is hyperreflexive. To do so, we define two notions related to a Banach algebra: The strong property $(\B)$ and bounded local units (b.l.u). We show that there are sufficiently many Banach algebras which have both properties. We will prove that all C$^*$-algebras and group algebras have the strong property $(\B).$ We also prove that finite CSL algebras and finite nest algebras have this property. We further show that for an arbitrary Banach algebra $A$ and each $n\geq 2$, $M_n(A)$ has the strong property $(\B)$ whenever it is equipped with a Banach algebra norm. In particular, this implies that all Banach algebras are embedded into a Banach algebra with the strong property $(\B)$. With regard to bounded local units, we show that all $C^*$-algebras and many group algebras have b.l.u. We investigate the hereditary properties of both notions to construct more example of Banach algebras with these properties. We apply our approach and show that the bounded $n$-cocycle spaces related to Banach algebras with the strong property $(\B)$ and b.l.u. are hyperreflexive provided that the space of the corresponding $n+1$-coboundaries are closed. This includes nuclear C$^*$-algebras, many group algebras, matrix spaces of certain Banach algebras and finite CSL and nest algebras. We finish the thesis with introducing {\it the hyperreflexivity constant}. We make our results more precise with finding an upper bound for the hyperreflexivity constant of the bounded $n$-cocycle spaces.

The work is being carried out with the construction company Arcona.The aims are to evaluate and make recommendations about theirbuilding logistics solution CSL. For now, CSL is only used forprojects in Stockholm. If a need for CSL occurs in Uppsala, it willalso be introduced there.The purpose of the study is to investigate how CSL works inStockholm, what good experiences and challenges identified by theusers in Stockholm. Another purpose is to identify which partfunctions of the logistics solution that are requested by futureusers in Uppsala.To find out how the solution works today on projects in Stockholm,three qualitative interviews have been conducted. To find out aboutthe expectations of subcontractors (UE) on a logistics solution inUppsala, a qualitative interview has been conducted with asubcontractor. All interviews were then encoded to find themes andsubcategories.The conclusion is that both the subcontractor and Arcona see bothpractical and financial gains in introducing CSL in Uppsala. The mainadvantage of CSL is that it is scalable and you can choose to insertonly the sub-functions that are needed on the current project. Aservice that both sees benefits and which can be recommended is alogistics coordinator who reviews the entire logistics at theworkplace and thereby more easily identifies and solves problems.

This work deals with the Europeanization of party programs in new member states. Two parties are examined over the period of three consecutive elections. A detailed introduction to the research field of Europeanization is given. In the second part the Hypothesis are tested. As countries are Poland and Czech Republic chosen. For Poland the Platforma Obywatelska will be examined. The Czech party is the KDU - CSL. This work tries to prove that Europeanization is increasing over time, that different policy areas are Europeanized and European integration has gained more importance the longer the EU membership of the country is. Keywords: EU; Europeanization; Platforma Obywatelska; KDU - CSL; EU influence

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