No description available.

No description available.

Please read the abstract in the dissertation. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1933. / gm2014 / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

The post-embryonic development of Caligo illioneus (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) feeding on leaves of Heliconia bihai (L.) L. (Heliconiaceae), in laboratory. This study involved the following aspects: determination of larval (duration the instars, in days) and pupal stadia; the sex ratio and the viability of the eggs under laboratory conditions. Eggs and larvaes of C. illioneus were collected in leaves of H. wagneriana Petersen and maintained in the laboratory to register the dates of biological events (hatching, ecdysis, death, pupation and emergence of adults), and larvae behavior. The post-embryonic period (in days, average ± standard error) was 54,58 ± 0,44. The larval period had 40,00 ± 0,43 days and this period were represented by five instars: L1= 7,88 ± 0,23; L2= 6,42 ± 0,16; L3= 5,19 ± 0,25; L4= 7,04 ± 0,19 and L5= 13,46 ± 0,28 (the active larval period was 12,46 ± 0,28 followed by an one day prepupal period). The pupal instar was 14,58 ± 0,20 and the inactive period of the post-embryonic development was 15,58 ± 0,20. Were obtained 26 adults (the sex ratio was 0,46), that represented 56,52% of the eggs viability and 76,47% of the neonates. The morphometric analysis indicates that it is possible estimate the larval development phase based on the width of cephalic capsules, considering intervals values (in mm): L1= 1,457―1,605; L2= 1,951―2,272; L3= 3,139―3,488; L4= 4,970―5,600; L5= 7,423―8,557. The biological control agents, that naturally parasitized the imatures (egg and pupae) of C. illioneus were specimens of Conura maculata (Fabricius, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Chalcidini) pupae parasitoids and a singly puparium (Diptera). For one egg were recorded specimens of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) egg parasitoids. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Caligo illioneus (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) alimentando-se de folhas de Heliconia bihai (L.) L. (Heliconiaceae), em laboratório. Este estudo foi desenvolvido visando os seguintes aspectos: a determinação dos estádios (duração de instares, em dias) dos períodos larval e pupal; a razão sexual e a viabilidade dos ovos, em condições de laboratório. Ovos e larvas de C. illioneus foram coletados em folhas de H. wagneriana Petersen e acompanhados em laboratório para o registro dos eventos biológicos (eclosão, ecdises, mortes, pupação e emergência dos adultos) e observação do com portamento de cinco larvas. O período pós-embrionário teve uma duração (média ± erro-padrão), em dias de 54,58 ± 0,44. O período larval foi de 40,00 ± 0,43 dias, sendo representado por cinco instares: L1= 7,88 ± 0,23; L2= 6,42 ± 0,16; L3= 5,19 ± 0,25; L4= 7,04 ± 0,19 e L5= 13,46 ± 0,28 (sendo o período larval ativo de 12,46 ± 0,28, seguido de apenas um dia de prepupa). O período pupal foi de 14,58 ± 0,20 e o período inativo do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário foi de 15,58 ± 0,20. Ao final do acompanhamento, foram obtidos 26 adultos (razão sexual de 0,46), o que representou uma viabilidade de 56,52% do total de ovos e de 76,47% dos neonatos obtidos. A análise morfométrica demonstrou que a indicação da fase de desenvolvimento larval de C. illioneus pode ser realizada com base na largura das cápsulas cefálicas, considerando os seguintes intervalos (em mm): L1= 1,457―1,605; L2= 1,951―2,272; L3= 3,139―3,488; L4= 4,970―5,600; L5= 7,423―8,557). Os agentes de controle biológico que naturalmente parasitaram os imaturos (ovo e pupa) da espécie C. illioneus foram parasitóides de pupa: Conura maculata (Fabricius, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Chalcidini) e um único pupário de Diptera. Apenas um ovo estava parasitado por espécimes da família Eulophidae (Hymenoptera).

Thesis. (M. Tech. (Dept. of Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences)) -- Vaal University of Technology, 2011. / Spectators are key constituents of sport organisations’ success as a large spectator base attracts sponsors. Once a spectator enters a sport stadium, the physical environment and the experience of the game may lead to a relationship with the environment and a team resulting in the spectator either revisiting a sport stadium, recommending the venue to others or avoiding the environment. Spectator attendance at sports stadia is also a primary sources of revenue for sport events. Stadium attendance also brings different benefits for spectators as a stadium can add excitement and atmosphere to an event experience and opportunities for socialisation within the environment. The main purpose of this study was to determine the role of servicescapes in spectators’ attendance at selected sport stadiums in Gauteng. Since sport depends on the facility for its production and service delivery, place (distribution) is an essential component in the marketing mix, as it can lead to approach or avoidance behaviours. The study was conducted at two different stadiums namely (Soccer City (formerly FNB) and Orlando stadiums) in the Gauteng Province. A quantitative research approach was used. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 spectators using non-probability convenience sampling. Data from a total of 170 completed questionnaires were analysed. Data analysis was undertaken in two phases: firstly by pilot testing the questionnaire and secondly by the consolidation of the main survey findings through a more detailed analysis. The data was analysed with a view to address the objectives of the study. In order to ensure high quality analysis, all evidence was considered and all major rival interpretations were also addressed. Factor analysis was used to determine the various servicescape dimensions. Seven factors of servicescape were extracted, namely scoreboard quality, refreshment provisioning, facility aesthetics, space allocation, stadium accessibility, seating comfort and stadium cleanliness. The findings in this study indicate that there is significant positive correlation between the seven factors and future attendance and also a desire to stay within the stadium. The regression analysis reported significant predictive relationships between the stadium servicescape, future attendance and also a desire to stay within the stadium. Regression models depict that spatial allocation and functionality followed by stadia cleanliness made the greatest impact on spectators’ desire to stay within a servicescape and seating comfort and facility aesthetics significantly contributes to future patronage. Recommendations in this study suggest that stadium management and sport marketers should not concentrate on one factor but on several servicescape factors in order to maintain spectator patronage on sport stadium. By fulfilling spectators’ expectations, sport marketers and stadium management should ensure that spectators are satisfied with the stadium facilities and the physical environment to maintain their retention and loyalty to the stadium. / Central Research Committee. Vaal University of Technology.

The master's thesis comprehensively deals with the issue of the preparation of a criminal offence and other disputable questions related with this stage in the commission of a criminal offence. The emphasis is mainly put on its definition in the Czech criminal law, taking account of relevant judicial decisions necessary to interpret the relatively brief statutory provisions. The aim of the thesis is to carry out critical evaluation of the current legislation sanctioning preparation, to identify questionable parts and potential shortcomings that may exist in the practice. On this basis I try to suggest solutions to the identified problems or at least to contribute to the discussion about them. The thesis is divided into five parts, the first generally puts the preparation into the criminal law system, describes its various forms, distinguishes it from the other stages in the commission of the criminal offence and briefly describes the historical development of its sanctioning on our territory. The second part focuses on the problematics of the impossible preparation and issues regarding its criminalization and punishing. The third part deals with a specific reason for extinction of criminal liability for the preparation, namely the voluntary refraining from further preparatory acts. The attention is...

Over the last decade there has been a worldwide increase in the use of retractable roofs for stadia. This increase has been based on the flexibility and better economic performance offered by venues featuring retractable roofs compared to those with traditional fixed roofs. With this increased interest an evolution in retractable roof systems has followed. This dissertation is concerned with the development of concepts for retractable roof systems. A review is carried out to establish the current state-of-the-art of retractable roof design. A second review of deployable structures is used to identify a suitable retractable structure for further development. The structure chosen is formed by a two-dimensional ring of pantographic bar elements interconnected through simple revolute hinges. A concept for retractable roofs is then proposed by covering the bar elements with rigid cover plates. To prevent the cover plates from inhibiting the motion of the structure a theorem governing the shape of these plate elements is developed through a geometrical study of the retractable mechanism. Applying the theorem it is found that retractable structures of any plan shape can be formed from plate elements only. To prove the concept a 1.3 meter diameter model is designed and built. To increase the structural efficiency of the proposed retractable roof concept it is investigated if the original plan shape can be adapted to a spherical surface. The investigation reveals that it is not possible to adapt the mechanism but the shape of the rigid cover plates can be adapted to a spherical surface. Three novel retractable mechanisms are then developed to allow opening and closing of a structure formed by such spherical plate elements. Two mechanisms are based on a spherical motion for the plate elements. It is shown that the spherical structure can be opened and closed by simply rotating the individual plates about fixed points. Hence a simple structure is proposed where each plate is rotated individually in a synchronous motion. To eliminate the need for mechanical synchronisation of the motion, a mechanism based on a reciprocal arrangement of the plates is developed. The plate elements are interconnected through sliding connections allowing them mutually to support each other, hence forming a self-supporting structure in which the motion of all plates is synchronised. To simplify the structure further, an investigation into whether the plate elements can be interconnected solely through simple revolute joints is carried out. This is not found to be possible for a spherical motion. However, a spatial mechanism is developed in which the plate elements are interconnected through bars and spherical joints. Geometrical optimisation of the motion path and connection points is used to eliminate the internal strains that occur in the initial design of this structure so a single degree-of-freedom mechanism is obtained. The research presented in this dissertation has hence led to the development of a series of novel concepts for retractable roof systems.

No description available.

Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood, 1842) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is distributed in the neotropical region from Mexico to northern Argentina and Caribbean. In Brazil it has been reported in soybean and bean in the Cerrado biome. This species is known as " broad-headed bugs" because the nymphs mimic ants. the attack of this bug can transmit the fungus Nematospora coryles Peglion, which causes the "blight-yeast" disease which reduces the quality and crop yield. Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) is a leguminous plant, herbaceous and climbing, popularly known as siratro. Originally from Mexico, it was introduced in Brazil to be cultivated in association with grasses. However, due to the lack of control, it has become an invasive plant. In the field, the bugs were collected in M. atropurpureum in a vacant lot in the city of Maceió, Alagoas State (9°40'11.7"/S and 35°44'38.8"/W). We obtained 32 eggs and, after hatching, nimphs were isolated in containers made with 2 L PET bottles with 300mL final volume. And food (branches with green pods), wich was changed every three days. The N. parvus stadiums length in days, were [mean ± standard error, total amplitude (min-max), coefficient of variation (CV)]: embryonic period= 8.9 ± 0.2, 3(7-10) days, CV=11.4%; N1= 2.5 ± 0.1, 1(2-3) days, CV=20.4%; N2=5.2 ± 0.4, 8(4-12) days, CV= 35.0%; N3=3.9 ± 0.2, 3(3-6) days, CV=21.3%; N4= 4.6 ± 0.2, 3(4-7) days, CV= 19.4%; N5=9.7 ± 0.6, 9(5-14) days, CV=31.3%. The total development was 34.9 ± 0.8, 12 (28-40) days, CV=11.0%. The sex ratio was 0.5 indicating a balance between sexes. The viability of eggs was 100% and mortality during development was 31.2%. This performance with obtaining viable adults indicates that M. atropurpureum can be considered as an alternative plant-food. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Neomegalotomus parvus (Westwood, 1842) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) se distribui na região neotropical desde o México até o norte da Argentina e Caribe. No Brasil, tem sido relatado em soja e feijão nas regiões de cerrados. Esta espécie é conhecida popularmente como formigão , pois as ninfas mimetizam formigas. O ataque deste percevejo pode transmitir o fungo Nematospora coryli Peglion, que causa a doença mancha-de-levedura , a qual reduz a qualidade e o rendimento da cultura. Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) é uma leguminosa herbácea e trepadeira, conhecida popularmente como siratro. Originária do México foi introduzida no Brasil para ser usada em cultivo associado com gramíneas forrageiras. No entanto, pela falta de controle, tornou-se uma planta-invasora. Em campo, os percevejos foram coletados em M. atropurpureum em terreno baldio no município de Maceió, Estado de Alagoas (9°40 11.7 S e 35º44 38.8 W). Foram obtidos 32 ovos, as ninfas eclodidas foram individualizadas em recipientes feitos com garrafas PET 2 L, sendo o volume final de 300mL. O alimento (ramos com vagens verdes) era trocado a cada três dias. Os estádios, em dias de N. parvus, foram [média±erro-padrão, amplitude total (mínmáx) e coeficiente de variação (CV)]: Período embrionário= 8,9±0,2, 3(7-10) dias, CV=11,4%; N1= 2,5±0,1, 1(2-3) dias, CV=20,4%; N2=5,2±0,4, 8(4-12) dias, CV=35,0%; N3=3,9±0,2, 3(3-6) dias, CV=21,3%; N4=4,6±0,2, 3(4-7) dias, CV=19,4%; N5=9,7±0,6, 9(5- 14) dias, CV=31,3%. O Desenvolvimento total foi 34,9±0,8, 12(28-40) dias, CV=11,0%. A razão sexual foi de 0,5 indicando equilíbrio entre os sexos. A viabilidade dos ovos foi de 100% e a mortalidade ao longo do desenvolvimento foi de 31,2%. Esse desempenho com obtenção de adultos viáveis, indica que M. atropurpureum pode ser considerada como plantaalimentícia alternativa.

My thesis is focused on children's speech development, agend 3 - 4. The aim of my work was to research on which basis children learn to speak nowadays and compare my results with the research evidence of Prof. Václav Příhoda. In the theoretical part of my work, there are some important definitions, description of speech development by Václav Příhoda and also some other authors. There are also another factors which have an impact on speech development. The practical part was being realized by collecting data by the electronical questionaire to parents and also through the observation of 10 chosen children. The collected data were sorted by the PC programme. The results conclude in chat age the different developmental speech stages happening and it also shows the differences with the research of Prof. Václav Příhoda. In the research part there are some differences being discovered between mine and Příhoda's results. Many children nowadays start to use correct inferior sentences between 3 - 4 years, unlike the children who were the part of Příhoda's research. A few children from my research sample start to use the conjecture sentences after the age of 3. KEYWORDS speech, speech development, communication, different development of speech, speech development stages