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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nearby Red Dwarfs and Their Dance Partners: Characterizing More Than 2000 Single and Multiple M Dwarfs Near the Sun

Winters, Jennifer G. 17 December 2015 (has links)
This dissertation presents the results of a study to (1) determine the census of the nearby southern M dwarf stellar population via three types of distances and (2) determine the multiplicity rate of nearby M dwarfs using two different search methodologies. The first part of this work reports three types of distance calculations (photographic, photometric, and trigonometric) for 1748 southern M dwarfs. Distances were estimated for 500 red dwarfs using photographic plate BRI magnitudes from SuperCOSMOS, while estimates were made for 667 stars using CCD VRI magnitudes. Both BRI and VRI were combined with 2MASS infrared JHK magnitudes. Distances for an additional 581 red dwarfs were derived from trigonometric parallaxes, 124 of which were measured for the first time during this work. For the second portion of this thesis, an all-sky sample of 1122 M dwarfs, known via trigonometric parallaxes to lie within 25 pc of the Sun, was surveyed for stellar companions at separations of 2" to 600". I-band images using primarily the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9m and the Lowell 42in telescopes were obtained in order to search these systems for companions at separations of 2" to 180". A complementary reconnaissance of wider companions to 600" was also done via blinking SuperCOSMOS BRI images. We find a stellar multiplicity fraction of 27.4 $\pm$ 1.3% for M dwarfs. Using this new gauge of M dwarf multiplicity near the end of the stellar main sequence, we calculate a multiplicity fraction of 30.1% for stellar systems of all types, implying that most systems are single. We find a peak in the separation distribution of the companions at 26 AU, i.e., distances on the scale of our Solar System, with a weak trend of smaller projected separations for lower mass primaries. A hint that M dwarf multiplicity may be a function of age/composition was revealed, with faster moving (and generally older) systems being multiple slightly less often. We calculate that at least 16% of M dwarf mass is made up of the stellar companions of multiple systems. Finally, we show that the mass function for M dwarfs increases to the end of the main sequence.
2

Star horse : a Bayesian tool for determining masses, ages, distances and extinction for field stars / Star Horse : uma ferramenta Bayesiana para determinação de massas, idades, distâncias e extinção para estrelas de campo

Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade January 2018 (has links)
Nos encontramos em uma localização vantajosa para o estudo da formação e evolução de galáxias espirais. Situados no disco da Via-Láctea, somos capazes de fazer observações detalhadas sobre as estrelas individuais que a compõem. Com o avanço tecnológico das últimas décadas, foi possível coletar um grande conjunto de informações, (e.g. composição química, cinemática, astrometria e parâmetros atmosféricos), com alta resolução para uma vasta parte do volume Galáctico. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor a nossa Galáxia, desenvolvemos uma ferramenta, chamada StarHorse, que estima parâmetros como distâncias, idades, massas e avermelhamento utilizando informação disponível em levantamentos espectroscópicos, fotométricos e astrométricos. O código StarHorse estima os parâmetros através de um método Bayesiano, que constrói uma distribuição de probabilidade a partir do cálculo de verossimilhança entre observações e modelos de evolução teórica e a partir de priores Galácticos bem conhecidos. Os parâmetros que o StarHorse estima são cruciais para estudos de arqueologia Galáctica. Com eles é possível investigar a estrutura, o histórico de formação estelar, a função de massa inicial, o mapa tridimensional da nossa Galáxia e também adicionar vínculos a modelos quemodinâmicos da Via Láctea Neste trabalho, focaremos na descrição e validação do método, testando sua aplicabilidade em levantamentos recentes de espectroscópica, astrometria e fotometria. Também disponibilizamos catálogos com distâncias e extinção para comunidade astronômica. As nossas distâncias e extinções se tornaram referência dentro da colaboração APOGEE e foram liberadas junto com o seu Data Release 14. Ademais, catálogos foram liberados para os surveys RAVE, Gaia-ESO e GALAH. Neste trabalho, exploramos os resultados do StarHorse, especialmente os resultados APOGEE, em um contexto amplo de arqueologia Galáctica. / We are in an advantageous position to study the formation and evolution of disk galaxies. By being inside the Milky Way, we are able to make detailed observations about the individual stars that compose it. With the technological revolution of the latest years, it has been possible to collect a massive set of information, (e.g. chemical composition, kinematics, astrometry, and atmospheric parameters), with high resolution for a large portion of the Galactic volume. With the goal to understand better our Galaxy, we developed a tool, called StarHorse, that can estimate distances, ages, masses, and extinction from the available spectroscopic, astrometric, and photometric information. StarHorse makes these estimates through a Bayesian method, that builds a probability distribution over the models by calculating a likelihood function between observation and stellar evolution models, and by using common knowledge about our Galaxy as priors. The parameters that StarHorse estimates are crucial to Galactic archaeology studies. With them, we can investigate the structure, the star formation history, the initial mass function, the three-dimensional dust map of our Galaxy, and provide constraints to chemodynamical models of the Milky Way. In this work, we focus on the description and validation of the method, testing its applicability in recent spectroscopic and astrometric surveys. We also make available catalogs with distances and extinctions to the astronomy community. Our distances and extinctions became a reference inside the APOGEE-team and were released as part of the SDSS Data Release 14. Moreover, we made available catalogs also to other spectroscopic surveys such as Gaia-ESO, RAVE, and GALAH. In this work, we also explore these results, especially for APOGEE, in a broad Galactic archaeology context.
3

Star horse : a Bayesian tool for determining masses, ages, distances and extinction for field stars / Star Horse : uma ferramenta Bayesiana para determinação de massas, idades, distâncias e extinção para estrelas de campo

Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade January 2018 (has links)
Nos encontramos em uma localização vantajosa para o estudo da formação e evolução de galáxias espirais. Situados no disco da Via-Láctea, somos capazes de fazer observações detalhadas sobre as estrelas individuais que a compõem. Com o avanço tecnológico das últimas décadas, foi possível coletar um grande conjunto de informações, (e.g. composição química, cinemática, astrometria e parâmetros atmosféricos), com alta resolução para uma vasta parte do volume Galáctico. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor a nossa Galáxia, desenvolvemos uma ferramenta, chamada StarHorse, que estima parâmetros como distâncias, idades, massas e avermelhamento utilizando informação disponível em levantamentos espectroscópicos, fotométricos e astrométricos. O código StarHorse estima os parâmetros através de um método Bayesiano, que constrói uma distribuição de probabilidade a partir do cálculo de verossimilhança entre observações e modelos de evolução teórica e a partir de priores Galácticos bem conhecidos. Os parâmetros que o StarHorse estima são cruciais para estudos de arqueologia Galáctica. Com eles é possível investigar a estrutura, o histórico de formação estelar, a função de massa inicial, o mapa tridimensional da nossa Galáxia e também adicionar vínculos a modelos quemodinâmicos da Via Láctea Neste trabalho, focaremos na descrição e validação do método, testando sua aplicabilidade em levantamentos recentes de espectroscópica, astrometria e fotometria. Também disponibilizamos catálogos com distâncias e extinção para comunidade astronômica. As nossas distâncias e extinções se tornaram referência dentro da colaboração APOGEE e foram liberadas junto com o seu Data Release 14. Ademais, catálogos foram liberados para os surveys RAVE, Gaia-ESO e GALAH. Neste trabalho, exploramos os resultados do StarHorse, especialmente os resultados APOGEE, em um contexto amplo de arqueologia Galáctica. / We are in an advantageous position to study the formation and evolution of disk galaxies. By being inside the Milky Way, we are able to make detailed observations about the individual stars that compose it. With the technological revolution of the latest years, it has been possible to collect a massive set of information, (e.g. chemical composition, kinematics, astrometry, and atmospheric parameters), with high resolution for a large portion of the Galactic volume. With the goal to understand better our Galaxy, we developed a tool, called StarHorse, that can estimate distances, ages, masses, and extinction from the available spectroscopic, astrometric, and photometric information. StarHorse makes these estimates through a Bayesian method, that builds a probability distribution over the models by calculating a likelihood function between observation and stellar evolution models, and by using common knowledge about our Galaxy as priors. The parameters that StarHorse estimates are crucial to Galactic archaeology studies. With them, we can investigate the structure, the star formation history, the initial mass function, the three-dimensional dust map of our Galaxy, and provide constraints to chemodynamical models of the Milky Way. In this work, we focus on the description and validation of the method, testing its applicability in recent spectroscopic and astrometric surveys. We also make available catalogs with distances and extinctions to the astronomy community. Our distances and extinctions became a reference inside the APOGEE-team and were released as part of the SDSS Data Release 14. Moreover, we made available catalogs also to other spectroscopic surveys such as Gaia-ESO, RAVE, and GALAH. In this work, we also explore these results, especially for APOGEE, in a broad Galactic archaeology context.
4

Absolute Magnitudes and Colors of RR Lyrae Stars in DECam Passbands from Photometry of the Globular Cluster M5

Vivas, A. Katherina, Saha, Abhijit, Olsen, Knut, Blum, Robert, Olszewski, Edward W., Claver, Jennifer, Valdes, Francisco, Axelrod, Tim, Kaleida, Catherine, Kunder, Andrea, Narayan, Gautham, Matheson, Thomas, Walker, Alistair 04 August 2017 (has links)
We characterize the absolute magnitudes and colors of RR Lyrae stars in the globular cluster M5 in the ugriz filter system of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). We provide empirical period-luminosity (P-L) relationships in all five bands based on 47 RR Lyrae stars of the type ab and 14 stars of the type c. The P-L relationships were found to be better constrained for the fundamental-mode RR Lyrae stars in the riz passbands, with dispersions of 0.03, 0.02 and 0.02 mag, respectively. The dispersion of the color at minimum light was found to be small, supporting the use of this parameter as a means to obtain accurate interstellar extinctions along the line of sight up to the distance of the RR Lyrae star. We found a trend of color at minimum light with a pulsational period that, if taken into account, brings the dispersion in color at minimum light to <= 0.016 mag for the (r - i), (i - z), and (r - z) colors. These calibrations will be very useful for using RR Lyrae stars from DECam observations as both standard candles for distance determinations and color standards for reddening measurements.
5

Star horse : a Bayesian tool for determining masses, ages, distances and extinction for field stars / Star Horse : uma ferramenta Bayesiana para determinação de massas, idades, distâncias e extinção para estrelas de campo

Queiroz, Anna Bárbara de Andrade January 2018 (has links)
Nos encontramos em uma localização vantajosa para o estudo da formação e evolução de galáxias espirais. Situados no disco da Via-Láctea, somos capazes de fazer observações detalhadas sobre as estrelas individuais que a compõem. Com o avanço tecnológico das últimas décadas, foi possível coletar um grande conjunto de informações, (e.g. composição química, cinemática, astrometria e parâmetros atmosféricos), com alta resolução para uma vasta parte do volume Galáctico. Com o objetivo de compreender melhor a nossa Galáxia, desenvolvemos uma ferramenta, chamada StarHorse, que estima parâmetros como distâncias, idades, massas e avermelhamento utilizando informação disponível em levantamentos espectroscópicos, fotométricos e astrométricos. O código StarHorse estima os parâmetros através de um método Bayesiano, que constrói uma distribuição de probabilidade a partir do cálculo de verossimilhança entre observações e modelos de evolução teórica e a partir de priores Galácticos bem conhecidos. Os parâmetros que o StarHorse estima são cruciais para estudos de arqueologia Galáctica. Com eles é possível investigar a estrutura, o histórico de formação estelar, a função de massa inicial, o mapa tridimensional da nossa Galáxia e também adicionar vínculos a modelos quemodinâmicos da Via Láctea Neste trabalho, focaremos na descrição e validação do método, testando sua aplicabilidade em levantamentos recentes de espectroscópica, astrometria e fotometria. Também disponibilizamos catálogos com distâncias e extinção para comunidade astronômica. As nossas distâncias e extinções se tornaram referência dentro da colaboração APOGEE e foram liberadas junto com o seu Data Release 14. Ademais, catálogos foram liberados para os surveys RAVE, Gaia-ESO e GALAH. Neste trabalho, exploramos os resultados do StarHorse, especialmente os resultados APOGEE, em um contexto amplo de arqueologia Galáctica. / We are in an advantageous position to study the formation and evolution of disk galaxies. By being inside the Milky Way, we are able to make detailed observations about the individual stars that compose it. With the technological revolution of the latest years, it has been possible to collect a massive set of information, (e.g. chemical composition, kinematics, astrometry, and atmospheric parameters), with high resolution for a large portion of the Galactic volume. With the goal to understand better our Galaxy, we developed a tool, called StarHorse, that can estimate distances, ages, masses, and extinction from the available spectroscopic, astrometric, and photometric information. StarHorse makes these estimates through a Bayesian method, that builds a probability distribution over the models by calculating a likelihood function between observation and stellar evolution models, and by using common knowledge about our Galaxy as priors. The parameters that StarHorse estimates are crucial to Galactic archaeology studies. With them, we can investigate the structure, the star formation history, the initial mass function, the three-dimensional dust map of our Galaxy, and provide constraints to chemodynamical models of the Milky Way. In this work, we focus on the description and validation of the method, testing its applicability in recent spectroscopic and astrometric surveys. We also make available catalogs with distances and extinctions to the astronomy community. Our distances and extinctions became a reference inside the APOGEE-team and were released as part of the SDSS Data Release 14. Moreover, we made available catalogs also to other spectroscopic surveys such as Gaia-ESO, RAVE, and GALAH. In this work, we also explore these results, especially for APOGEE, in a broad Galactic archaeology context.
6

Revisiting the Fundamental Properties of the Cepheid Polaris Using Detailed Stellar Evolution Models

Neilson, H. R. 01 March 2014 (has links)
Polaris the Cepheid has been observed for centuries, presenting surprises and changing our view of Cepheids and stellar astrophysics, in general. Specifically, understanding Polaris helps anchor the Cepheid Leavitt law, but the distance must be measured precisely. The recent debate regarding the distance to Polaris has raised questions about its role in calibrating the Leavitt law and even its evolutionary status. In this work, I present new stellar evolution models of Cepheids to compare with previously measured CNO abundances, period change and angular diameter. Based on the comparison, I show that Polaris cannot be evolving along the first crossing of the Cepheid instability strip and cannot have evolved from a rapidly-rotating main sequence star. As such, Polaris must also be at least 118 pc away and pulsates in the first overtone, disagreeing with the recent results of Turner et al. (2013, ApJ, 762, L8).

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