Does ethnic fragmentation negatively affect social expenditure? In this thesis, I examine why this research question, only partially tackled by the political economy literature, is also central for the social policy field. Using a sample of 156 countries, and controlling for variables that social policy theory postulate as essential to explain welfare provision, I offer evidence that higher levels of ethnic fragmentation lead to lower levels of social expenditure. On that basis, I present a theoretical framework that explores how this relationship can be explained. Ethnic fragmentation is presented as a variable that complicates the development of social solidarity and the notions of shared identity, and shifts social mobilisation from issues of economic redistribution towards ethno-cultural recognition. I also conduct a second series of statistical analysis that show that there is evidence to support the previous propositions. Additionally, using a different confirmatory test, I explore the correspondence between the levels of de-commodification that 18 welfare states provide, and the principles of blood descent (jus sanguinis) or civic ties (jus solis) that their respective national laws favour. The findings show that the welfare regimes with the most de-commodifying provision tend to favour ethno-cultural principles. Finally, I emphasize that the probable effects of ethnic fragmentation in an increasingly multicultural world, with its tendencies to put social integration and differentiation issues back on the agenda, are not a prediction of erosion of the welfare state, but an important element to take into account in the creation and robustness of shared identities and notions of common belonging when designing social policy.

Purpose of the thesis lies in analysis of allocation system of state funds. The State fund of environment of Czech Republic has been chosen for analysis. It has been providing enough relevant documents for executing the analysis. The thesis researches way of allocation of the public resources with an emphasis on economy, effectiveness and efficiency (3E) and in compliance with legislation, especially with act no. 320/2001 Sb. The mentioned act contains definition of 3E and rules for budgetary control in Czech Republic. In conclusion of thesis the practice recommendation for state funds are formulated, respectively for State fund of enviroment of Czech Republic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Rodrigues da Motta Bertoncello.pdf: 889518 bytes, checksum: d02dcf0a830f6d3fd9fe00a8bb2e714d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-04 / The financial market has developed several programs along the recent years in order to offer financing and sustainable investments. However, the lack of a clear definition of what actually means sustainability and also the lack of adaptation regarding the dynamics of financial markets prevent such programs thrive. This study has aimed to investigate the development of environmental regulation through the market regulators, Central Bank of Brazil and the Brazilian Securities Commission, making use of bibliographic and legislative research. It has come to the analysis of the State's duty to set limits to economic power which deals with the political and environmental responsibility of banks and financial institutions, from which it was concluded that only market regulators are able to interpret sustainability and adapt it to the financial sector, which creates a legal framework with a strong dialogue with Economy and Ecology. / As lutas pela preservação do meio ambiente e dos grupos sociais reprimidos ganham ao longo do tempo uma nova roupagem e avançam até o conceito de sustentabilidade. Este conceito posteriormente é abraçado pelas empresas e pelo mercado financeiro em busca de capital reputacional. Todavia, tem-se questionado a efetividade de algumas políticas de sustentabilidade adotadas pelo mercado, as quais parecem buscar para si somente valor agregado. Sendo assim, percebe-se a necessidade da migração de um ambiente de autorregulação para uma regulação financeira especifica que trate da aplicação da sustentabilidade no mercado financeiro, visando mais claramente atender ao interesse público. Pressupõe-se que a regulação financeira seria o melhor mecanismo dialogar com o mercado e, ao mesmo tempo, garantir o interesse público.

The thesis deals with the threat of dehumanization when applying digital technologies and robotics into social work. The work focuses on the history and origin of digital technologies within the context of social changes. It explores the basic rules governing elementary functioning and development of digital technologies and robotics. The thesis describes and summarizes basic information about the possibilities and risks of using digital technologies and robotics within social work. Towards the end it also includes opinions of several professional and political authorities who are active in this topic. This thesis aims to trigger the debate over the possible threats connected to dehumanization of social work and the use of digital technologies and robotics, respectively make it more intensive.