Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1987. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-261). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. / Open access. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-126). Print copy also available.

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-62). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis considers the perceived athleticism of synchronized swimming by looking at the implications of representations of Esther Williams and "pretty swimming" in popular culture, the allocation of space for women's sport in a local public swimming pool, and an inaugural championship event. Focusing on the first British Columbia (BC) synchronized swimming championships, which were held on February 5, 1949 at Crystal Pool in Vancouver, it shows that images of synchronized swimming as "entertainment" facilitated the development of a new arena of competition for BC women, but that this was accompanied, in effect, by a trivialization of the accomplishments of organizers and athletes. Chapter One examines the construction of a "global" mermaid by analysing Esther Williams' first film, Bathing Beauty (1944), as a typical example of the Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer (MGM) aquamusical, a genre that produced images of synchronized swimming as frivolous entertainment. Chapter Two considers how these sorts of images affected the allocation of physical space at Crystal Pool, Vancouver's only indoor public swimming pool at the time, for women's sport. Chapter Three introduces two women who were involved in the 1949 BC synchronized swimming championships: May Brown, who at the time was a University of British Columbia (UBC) Physical Education instructor and synchronized swimming judge, and Maureen Bray (Hibberson), a UBC student who won the individual championship event. Their recollections provide an important corrective to the "pretty swimming" stereotype by demonstrating that these women used the cultural and physical space allotted to them to create a new sport for local women. The final chapter also includes episodes from my personal experiences as a synchronized swimmer in BC during the 1980s to underscore the complicated and conflicted heritage for synchronized swimmers in BC represented by the legacy of the 1949 championships and the MGM aquamusical. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This study is based on the theoretical assumption that a detailed understanding of the nature of stereotypes entails more than an analysis of the content of stereotype descriptions. It must also include a study of the range of target group members, situations, and behaviours to which people generalize their stereotypes (referential attributions), and an examination of judgements regarding the causes of stereotype traits (causal attributions). A check list stereotyping task was combined with a multivariate judgement task in order to examine the causal and referential attributions underlying individuals' stereotype descriptions. Two hundred and forty respondents, forming four distinct subgroups, described either an outgroup or a target group to which they belonged. They then made a number of attributions about their descriptions. The target groups, defined broadly in environmental terms, were: Big City People, Small Town People, Conservation-rninded People, and Development-minded People. The results indicated that the referential attributions provided by the respondents did not vary with the changes in content between the different stereotypes. They were unrelated to the causal attributions, and they were unaffected by the respondents' membership status vis-a-vis the target groups. Rather, the referential attributions reflected the use of a representativeness rule and a distinctiveness criterion in the selection of trait descriptors. The respondents attributed their stereotype traits to a large proportion of target members, to many of their behaviours, and to many situations involving target members. The individuals judged these stereotype traits to be characteristics that distinguished the targets from people in general. Learning was rated as having a greater effect than inheritance as a causal agent in trait development. There were reliable sub-sample differences in the magnitude of this outcome. The study contained a replication condition. Two different types of target groups were employed and the data related to each type were analyzed independently. While the findings regarding the referential and causal attributions generalized across these two sets of analyses for the most part, the traditionally measured content-related results did not replicate. A review of this disparity indicated that caution should be exercised in the selection of targets for stereotype research and appropriate efforts should be made to ensure that the measuring instruments employed best suit the theoretical issue being addressed. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / This study primarily investigates the content and subtypes of stereotypes that Black students hold towards Black students who listen to Rock music. The secondary aim of this study was to explore ethnic group differences in music listenership, especially with regard to Rock and Rap/Hip-Hop genres, which are associated with White youth culture and Black youth culture respectively. Using a Likert type scale, participants indicated the frequency with which they listened to Rock, Rap/Hip-Hop, Country, and Classical music genres. Results indicated that most Black respondents either rarely or never listened to Rock while most White respondents listened to Rock either occasionally or most of the time. Rap/Hip-Hop was the most popular genre among all respondents. Further results of this study also indicated the presence of a measureable stereotype consisting of 31 stereotypic attributes that Black students hold towards other Black students who listen to Rock music. The specific stereotype, identified by this study, of Black students who listen to Rock music contained two subtypes, namely the Sociable Unique Artistic, Free-spirits subtype and the Odd Deviant and Boisterous subtype. The Sociable Unique Artistic, Free-spirits subtype included attributes that were more positive in comparison to the Odd Deviant and Boisterous subtype which contained negative stereotypes. Suggestions of how future research can build on or extend the information gained from the present study were also made.

No description available.

A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of D. Litt. In Communication Science University of Zululand, 2001. / In this dissertation I present the results of an analysis of ethnic stereotyp¬ing among secondary school learners in the Durban metropolitan region. In the first part of the dissertation I review reports in the print media on the high levels of racial tension and confrontation that characterised communities, including schools, across the country since the new democ¬ratic dispensation that started in 1994. In subsequent chapters I review academic literature that reveal the extent of ethnic stereotyping world¬wide, as well as the nature of stereotyping. In the penultimate chapter I utilise the insights gained from this literature review to interpret the re¬sults, obtained through a quantitative research methodology, showing that there is clear evidence for ethnic stereotyping among the respondents of the survey, and demonstrating the cognitive models that people use when they positively stereotype their own ethnic groups, while at the same time negatively stereotyping members of other ethnic groups.

No description available.