Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-113). 1 folded diaghram included. Also available via the Internet.

The influence of social constructs on the moral fibre and the nature of interactions within a community can never be over emphasized. Social constructs being tangible and intangible elements which form spaces within which communities interact with one another. Where social constructs are chaotic, conflicts within those communities are bound to follow. This has been observed in countries like Rwanda where inequalities among the different communities within the country led to genocide. This dissertation aims to investigate possibilities of using architecture as a tool to create opportunities for cultural and social integration thus encouraging a people to foster values of ‘otherness’ ‘selflessness’ and community. This will be achieved by constructing strong social networks (tangible and intangible) throughout an ethnically, and culturally diverse landscape, with an aim to contribute towards the upliftment of the immediate community. It is hoped that lessons learnt from this study could be of benefit to the South African society at large since the phenomenon observed within the communities being studied presents itself in other communities within the country as well. The anger so thick in the atmosphere, tension bound up into (the site) pockets, slowly strangle and suffocate her pillars, breaking them, forcing them into the ground, causing them to disappear in their turmoil, misunderstandings, and continuous drift and neglect. Tightening the bonds of individualistic interactions ignorance and “disconnectedness” forged by man’s forgetful nature of social ills he exists within. (a poem by the author, inspired by the site chosen for the dissertation) / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

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Since the beginning of civilization rivers are strongly linked to the identity and vitality of cities. they provide water, means of transportation, spaces for urban expansion, and a defined boundary which contributes to the identity of a city. Rivers are often the raison d'etre of cities, and their inhabitants have an intricate relationship with it. Such sites are often a target for impulsive and premature development. in the case of zahle, a city established on the banks of the berdawni river, the area has seen part of its precious asset disappear under an underground parking, forming an artificial barrier, between two urban parts, and a void in the identity of the city. This thesis proposes that urban stitching based on architectural elements can reconnect different parts of the city. how architectural measures can fabricate reminders of a former presence of elements and artifacts, while defining an iconic public architecture, and a modern riverfront with a new urban identity, thus raising the quality of the city. / Master of Architecture

Multilayer composite materials have a high tendency to interlaminar delamination when they are subjected to out-of-plane loading, because of their low-stiffness in the through-thickness (T-T) direction. The main aim of this research was to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness (IFT) of textile composites by using stitching as a T-T reinforcement technique. The intention was to provide greater delamination resistance and also to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness between adjacent layers. In this research, E-glass 2x2 twill weave structure fabric layers and an epoxy resin were chosen as the base materials. Three different types of stitching; including the commonly-used modified lock-stitch and orthogonal-stitch (OS) geometries, the single-yarn orthogonal-stitch (SOS) and a newly-developed double-yarn orthogonal-stitch (DOS), as well as five different stitch densities were used to reinforce the multilayer preform lay-ups. The resin infusion moulding method was used to manufacture the E-glass/Epoxy 3D textile composites. The effect of stitched reinforcement on the Mode I-IFT mechanism was examined by performing double cantilever beam (DCB) tests and the Mode II-IFT mechanism by performing four-point bend end-notched flexure (4ENF) tests, respectively. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging techniques were used to study the fracture surfaces of the stitched composite specimens, to assess the improvement in IFT mechanisms imparted by the stitched reinforcement used. The effect of stitching was analysed by comparing the various stitching geometries, stitch densities and the mechanical properties highlighted by the Mode I-IFT and Mode II-IFT results. It was found that the use of the novel double-yarn orthogonal-stitch (DOS) reinforcement allied with the use of high stitch densities gave the greatest improvement on both Mode I-IFT and Mode II-IFT tests. Moreover, in every case, the use of DOS and high stitch densities gave a significant improvement of 74.5% in Mode I-IFT and 18.3% for Mode II-IFT tests when compared with unstitched samples. It has been shown that the novel DOS stitch geometry yields significant benefits over established stitching techniques in respect of stitched reinforcement for laminated composite preforms. Besides this, the double column 5x5 mm stitch pattern reveals the highest delamination resistance performance among all the stitching formations tested for Mode I-IFT and II-IFT.

This project within the textile design field explores the textile technique embroidery. By using design methods based on words and actions the technique was used in another angle approach that allowed the stitches to be used in a more functional context. This approach differs from how embroidery is traditionally looked upon, an added decorative surface to an already functional object. Embroidery has been explored in a way to see if the technique could be used as something more than just an added surface and if that added surface could be manipulated so that the stitch has both decorative and functional aspects. Stitches has been developed, discovered and realised that they can add density, stability, assembly and form to a material. This has resulted in an alternative way of using embroidery that puts the stitch in the position of being vital to both the expression and function of the object.

Work purpose: to create a porgramme which could transform existent view to specialised squares of small scale, attributing a characteristic colour, according to the needs of a consumer. Conclusions: 1. In order to creat a specilaized transformation system of raster views the best way suggested is to apply a „Reduction/Expansion method“, which helps to lose the least amount of graphical information. 2. Specialized transformation system of raster views (in terms of C++) is created, which transforms existent view to specialised squares of small scale, attributing a characteristic colour, according to the needs of a consumer.

Bakalauro darbo tema- Aulinių batų dekoravimas siuvinėjimo technika. Darbo objektas: aulinių batų dekoravimas augaliniais ornamentais. Darbo tikslas: analizuoti literatūrą apie batų istorijos madą, dekoruoti aulinius batus siuvinėjimo technika, naudojant augalinį motyvą. Uždaviniai: apžvelgti batų istorijos raidą; išnagrinėti siuvinėjimo technikų taikymą meninėje raiškoje; sukurti kūrybinį darbą panaudojant siuvinėjimo techniką; pritaikyti siuvinėjimą kryželiu technologijų pamokose. Apžvelgus informacinius šaltinius galima teigti, kad kiekviena epocha sukurdavo savo savitą batų stilių. Tobulėjant technikai pradedamas iškarpyti ažūras, batai puošiami spalvingu siuvinėjimu. Siuvinėjimu dekoruojamos įvairiausios medžiagos: avalynė, buities rakandai, nerti, austi audiniai, bei popierius. Technologijų pamokose mokiniai turi galimybę kūrybiškai pritaikyti įvairias siuvinėjimo technikas dekoruojant tekstilę ir kt. Išsiuvinėtos dvi odinių batų poros. Pritaikyta ši siuvinėjimo technika: siuvinėjimas kryželiu, kimštukai. Augalinis motyvas: aitrioji paprika ir ankštinė pupelė. / Theme of Bachelor degree thesis – Decoration of high shoes by embroidery technique. Subject of the thesis: decoration of high shoes ornament plant. Aim of the thesis: to review literature on history of shoes fashion, to decorate high shoes by embroidery technique with plant motive. Objectives: to review development of shoes history; to analyse application of embroidery technique in artistic expression; to create a creative work on the basis of embroidery technique; to apply cross stitch embroidery in the lessons of technologies. A review of information sources can be said that every age creates its own unique style of shoe. Technical development begins jag Azur, boots decorated with colorful embroidery. Embroidery decorated a variety of materials: footwear, household utensil, crocheted, woven fabrics and paper. Technology classes students have the opportunity to creatively apply the various techniques of embroidery decorating textiles and others. Embroidered leather shoes for two pair. Facilities for this embroidery technique: cross stitching. Plant motifs: Chilli, and legumes.

The goal of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the stitch bonding process in microelectronic wire bonding. In particular, it focuses on investigating the effect of the process parameters bonding force, scrub amplitude, and skid on experimental bond quality responses, including qualitative (non-sticking, sticking, and tail-lifting) and quantitative (stitch pull force, tail pull force). In addition to the experimental work, a finite element (FE) model is developed for the stitch bonding process using ABAQUS software, and compared with the experimental observations. For the first set of experiments, the stitch bonding is performed with a 18 ??m diameter Pd coated Cu (PCC) wire on a ???low bondability??? Au/Ni/Pd plated quad-flat non-lead (QFN) substrate. Results showed that a high bonding force, a high scrub amplitude, and a positive skid provoke the sticking of the stitch bond and reducing the chance of non-sticking observation. However, such parameters also increase the chance of tail-lifting. As a trade-off for a low bondability substrate, a process parameter combination containing a high bonding force and a high scrub amplitude and a negative skid could ensure a strong enough stitch bonding process with low chance of tail-lifting. For the second set of experiments, the stitch bonding is performed with a 18 ??m diameter uncoated Cu wire on a ???high bondability??? Ag plated QFN substrate. Statistical analysis of stitch and tail pull force showed that the skid and scrub parameters have a more significant influence than bonding force. A positive skid can degrade the stitch pull force, while enhancing the tail pull force. A high scrub amplitude is found to degrade both the stitch and the tail pull forces. The bonding force is shown to improve the stitch and tail pull forces slightly. Performing an optimization, process parameters of 70 gf (687 mN) bonding force, 3 ??m scrub amplitude, and zero skid result in acceptable stitch and tail pull forces, along with a reliable stitch bond appearance (low peeling and shallow capillary tool impression). The influence of the process parameters is significantly different depending on if bonding on low or high bondability substrates. For example, a positive skid increases the chances of sticking and tail-lifting on low bondability substrate, but it decreases the tail pull force and increases the tail pull force for high bondability substrate. This indicates that finding a general experimental rule for understanding the effect of process parameters on the stitch bond quality is difficult if not impossible. In other words, instead of general rule, it is more likely to find individual rules for specific individual applications. To improve the understanding of stitch bonding a three dimensional (3D) dynamic explicit FE model is developed in ABAQUS. The model components and boundary conditions are constructed and applied to reflect the experimental conditions. The bonding force, scrub, and skid are successfully implemented into the model. Mass scaling is applied carefully to save calculation time while ensuring there are no artificial effects of inertia. The model is able to render the conventional responses reported in the past including stress and strain distributions. However, these conventional outputs were not sufficient to provide a correlation between model and experiment. Therefore, new candidate responses were developed and extracted from the numerical results. The new responses are based on accepted welding mechanisms. One of the mechanisms is interfacial cleaning by frictional energy which is beneficial for bonding. Thus the friction energy accumulated during the simulated bond duration is extracted as a candidate response. For classical cold welding processes, the interfacial surface expansion is a key mechanism, as it opens up cracks in the surface contamination and oxide layers and thereby generates paths to bring the fresh metals together under pressure. Therefore, candidate responses related to surface expansion at the contact interface are extracted from the model. The complete set of new responses extracted from the numerical model includes contact areas, surface expansion per areas, frictional energy, and combination of frictional energy combined with surface expansions per areas. In addition the bond interface is divided into ???wedge??? and ???tail??? regions. The model is run for the same DOE cells as used in the first set of experiments and candidate responses are extracted and compared with the experimental observations. By ranking the correlation coefficients of each individual candidate responses, for the first time correlations that are relatively strong are found between a numerical response and experimental observations of stitch bonding. Responses that have correlation coefficients of 0.79 and 0.85 were found for wedge sticking and tail-lifting, respectively. Such relatively strong correlation indicates that the friction enhanced cleaning and the surface expansion mechanisms are proper theories for the current stitch bonding system. These theories can be used for developing similar models for other types of the solid-state bonding processes. Based on the best candidate responses, a procedure to determine numerical process windows is demonstrated for a specific application. Such a window defines the parameter ranges which result in an acceptable stitch bonding process and is an excellent indication of how suitable a process is for mass production. Depending on the application, materials, geometries, and tools, the FE model and process window procedure allow a variety of numerical process windows to be produced and compared.

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