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A reliable estimation of in situ stress orientation and magnitude is necessary for determining wellbore stability in the oil and gas industry, or assessing excavation stability for mining and civil engineering projects. Methods of stress estimation in deep borehole investigations are generally limited to the use of hydraulic methods or borehole imaging techniques, which identify borehole breakouts and/or borehole deformation. However, the collection of data in a thrust regime, or in horizontally laminated ground, can be difficult and lead to unreliable results. Moreover, the back analysis of stress magnitude from both hydraulic methods and borehole imaging methods are sensitive to estimates of strength and elastic properties around the borehole. This research has shown that the magnitude of the axial stress relative to the stresses normal to the borehole axis contributes to the magnitude and distribution of maximum deviatoric stress experienced around an advancing borehole. Furthermore, an analysis of the stress path incorporating the complete stress tensor shows that the maximum deviatoric stress does not always correlate with the typical solutions for induced stresses around a circular excavation. As a result of the limitations and uncertainties associated with traditional stress estimation methods, an integrated approach to determining the stress conditions at a given site using numerical models to simulate the loading history has been evaluated. A 2-dimensional finite element model of the Paleozoic sedimentary sequence of the eastern edge of the Michigan basin has shown that a systematic incorporation of the geological and stress history can approximate a given stress profile. Numerical models are also applied for estimating the magnitude of glacially induced stress change in the upper crust for the purpose of estimating long-term stress evolution. The framework and methodology used for numerical stress reconstruction and evolution can be included at the site characterization and engineering design stages for various types of projects, including deep geologic repositories, where estimates of in situ stress and future stress change are important. / Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-04-29 13:26:53.082

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acase@tulane.edu / The study explored young children’s perceptions of their social worlds by analyzing an archival dataset comprised of 122 ecomaps created by African American kindergarten and first grade public school children (45% female) in 2013. An ecomap is a graphic representation of a person’s phenomenology about his or her social network; children drew representations of key relationships, coding each as stressful, supportive, or ambivalent. Results of concurrent mixed methods analyses indicated children were most likely to include family members (both adults and children) on their ecomaps; children also included friends, animals, and teachers. A number of children coded themselves. Across all relationship types, most children (i.e., boys and girls, kindergartners and first graders) perceived most relationships to be supportive. First graders were more likely than kindergartners to report ambivalent feelings about relationships. This study informs school psychologists and other researchers and clinicians who seek developmentally and contextually appropriate methodologies for gathering phenomenological data from primary school-aged children. In addition, it may also provide insights into the specific social experiences of young African American children in New Orleans. Study limitations and implications are discussed. / 1 / Meredith Summerville

<p>Med den här studien har jag velat fördjupa mig i unga kvinnors livssituation och vad som upplevs som de största stressfaktorerna. Syftet var att se hur unga kvinnors psykiska hälsa och självbild påverkas av förväntningar och krav, samhälleliga strukturer och förhållanden samt eventuella konsekvenser av detta. Jag ville även titta närmare på hur kvinnors livsvillkor ser ut, och vad det är i just deras situation som gör att deras psykiska hälsa blir drabbad. </p><p> Det empiriska material jag använt mig av består av resultatet av skriftliga undersökningar som gjorts av fem stycken kvinnor i ålder 25-30 år, där de bland annat ombads reflektera över vad som gör dem stressade, vilka krav de upplever i samband med stress och vilka eventuella skillnader det finns mellan manlig och kvinnlig stress.</p><p> De slutsatser jag kunnat dra utifrån min undersökning är att kvinnor blir stressade på grund av alla de olika förväntningar och krav som ställs på dem, vilket gör att de olika bilderna (som är konstruktioner) av hur en kvinna bör vara kolliderar. Således verkar den kanske största stressen för kvinnor idag vara att inte veta vilken som är deras roll, och därför måste de istället vara duktiga på allt. Konsekvenserna av stressen blir bland annat att kvinnor ständigt går runt och känner sig otillräckliga – i sin yrkesroll, i sina relationer och i kontrollen av den egna kroppen. </p><p> När det gäller stress ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv så brukar man tala om att man går in i väggen, men när det gäller jämställdhetsutvecklingen idag så verkar det istället som om att många kvinnor snarare slår huvudet i det berömda taket i sin iver att bli jämställda med männen. Kvinnor blir stressade för att jämställdhet inte råder i dagens samhälle, men de verkar bli ännu mer stressade av sin iver att försöka bli jämställda.</p>

<p>Stress, measures</p>