<p>Sub-Saharan Africa is a region where extreme poverty is prevalent in spite of the regions apparent commitment to the philosophy of human rights, in that all fifty-three countries in the region ratified the African Charter in addition to several international human rights instruments ratified by countries in the region. This state of affairs is traceable to the lack of or ineffective enforcement mechanism of the human rights obligations of countries in the region. Too much attention had been given to post facto intervention of human rights in form of judicial enforcement of these rights to the neglect of other effective methods of enforcement which can be employed in addition to curial enforcement of the rights for a more effective result. This neglect and the ensuing increase in poverty level prompted this research which was aimed at identifying additional methods of pro-active rights enforcement mechanism and the roles of human rights lawyers in their utilisation to reduce poverty in the region.</p>

Diplomarbeit - Universität, Marburg, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Arch)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Ralph Johnson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [83]-87).

Dissertation (MTech (radiography))—Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2003 / Five of the seventeen countries with Nuclear Medicine facilities in Africa have training programmes for Nuclear Medicine Technologists (NMT's). Four of the countries are in Northern Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt) and only one in Southern Africa (South Africa). The training programmes vary from country to country and therefore there is no common basis to facilitate regional co-operation. Nuclear Medicine Technologists working in sub-Saharan countries do not have formal training in Nuclear Medicine and have mostly been recruited from related fields of Radiological Technology. A number of NMT's in these centres have enjoyed International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) fellowship training in other countries or have attended regional training courses. Knowledge and skills, learned in well established Nuclear Medicine departments with supportive infrastructure, are on the whole difficult to transfer to a local situation without such support. Because of the nature of the specialty the numbers required for training are small and it would therefore not be cost-effective for Higher Education Institutions in these countries to set up training programmes. There is also a lack of expertise in this field in Africa. Training was initially supported outside the countries with loss of personnel to the departments and in many instances loss of manpower as these trainees leave their countries and do not return. Under an IAEA/African Regional Co-operative Agreement (AFRA) project; "Establishing a Regional Capability in Nuclear Medicine", the following related to training of NMT's: 1. Harmonisation of training programmes for Nuclear Medicine Technologists in AFRA countries 2. Assess the feasibility of running a Distance Assisted Training (DAT) programme for Nuclear Medicine Technologists It was hoped that in this way, full use could be made of available expertise and facilities in the region, the cost of training could be reduced and the standard of patient health care improved.

Les conflits sont tellement fréquents en Afrique sub-saharienne depuis les indépendances qu'on en a malheureusement pris l'habitude. Cette fréquence semble conforter l'idée que les Africains sont dans l'incapacité congénitale à gérer leurs pays et leurs ressources. Très souvent également, on considère que les conflits africains procèdent de la "culture" africaine qui serait par définition violente et agressive . Si les conflits sont manifestement une entrave au développement, ils sont aussi le résultat de l'absence de développement en Afrique.L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les fondements économiques des conflits armés en Afrique sub-saharienne. c'est-à-dire que nous allons partir à la recherche des causes économiques des conflits. Les principales variables observées sont, le PIB par tête, l'aide internationale, les matières premières exportables, la dette du gouvernement, l'investissement direct étranger, la population, l'alimentation et l'eau. Nous postulons que tout processus permettant d'améliorer le développement économique des pays de l'Afrique noire est un moyen pour éviter un commencement de conflits. / Conflicts are frequent in sub-saharan African countries since their independence and unfortunately people consider such situation to be normal. This frequency seems to reinforce the idea that Africans are naturally unable to manage their resources. African conflicts are also very often considered as a result of African culture, which is termed as a violent and agressuve. If conflicts are obviously an obstacle to development, they are also the consequence of undevelopment in Africa.The objective of the PhD is to understand the ceonomic basis of armed conflicts in sub-saharan Africa. In other words, we seek toidentify economic causes of conflicts. The main variables observed are GDP per capita, international aid, raw materials for export, government debt, foreign direct investment, population, food and water. We confirm that any process that helps improve economic development in sub-saharan African countries is a way to avoid new conflicts.

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