Orientador: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio / Banca: Ricardo Andres Landázuri Del Barrio / Banca: Roberto Henrique Barbeiro / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do revestimento com estrôncio em duas concentrações sobre o potencial de reparo ósseo do osso bovino desproteinizado (DBB) em defeitos críticos de calvárias (DCC) de ratos. Material e métodos: Foram utilizadas 42 ratas que foram randomicamente divididas em 3 grupos(n=14) de acordo com o tipo de biomaterial utilizado para preencher os DCC: Grupo DBB-Osso bovino desproteinizado; Grupo DBB/Sr 1(140µM por g de DBB); Grupo DBB/Sr 2(700µM por g de DBB). Foram confeccionados dois defeitos ósseos circulares (Ø5mm) nos ossos parietais dos animais, sendo que um defeito foi preenchido com biomaterial e o outro foi mantido apenas com coágulo (controle negativo). Os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia após 15 e 60 dias do procedimento cirúrgico (n=7 animais/período). Os animais foram avaliados com relação ao volume do preenchimento do DCC com tecido reparado e o tamanho remanescente do DCC por meio de análise microtomográfica. A composição do tecido reparado e as características da cicatrização foram determinadas por meio de análise histométrica/descrição histológica, enquanto que a expressão das proteínas TGFβ1 e Osteocalcina (OCN) foi realizada por análise imuno-histoquímica. Resultados: O DBB/Sr2 induziu o maior fechamento e preenchimento do DCC que os outros grupos. O DBB/Sr1 e DBB/Sr2 apresentaram maior componente de tecido ósseo dentro do tecido reparado do que os DCC preenchidos com DBB no período de 60 dias. Adicionalmente, também foi verificado que o D... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the healing potential of deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) coated with strontium at two concentrations in critical defects of calvarial rats (DCC). Methods: We used 42 rats that were divided randomly into 3 groups (n = 14) according to the type of biomaterial used to fill the DCC: Group DBB - Deproteinized bovine Bone; Group DBB / Sr 1 (140μM per g DBB); Group DBB / Sr 2 (700μM per g DBB). Two circular bone defects (Ø5mm) were prepared in the parietal bones of the animals and one defect was filled with biomaterial and the other was maintained empty (negative control). The animals were sacrificed after 15 and 60 days after surgery (n = 7 animals / period). The animals were evaluated according the filing volume of the DCC with the repair tissue and the residual size of the DCC by microtomográfica analysis. The composition of the repaired tissue and healing characteristics were determined by Histometrical / histological description analysis, while the expression of TGFβ1 and osteocalcin (OCN) were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The DBB / Sr2 induced the highest closing and filling of the DCC than the other groups. The DBB / Sr1 and DBB / Sr2 showed greater bone tissue section within the repaired tissue than DCC filled with DBB within 60 days. Additionally, it was also found that the DBB / Sr1 and DBB / Sr2 induced a higher expression of OCN. Conclusion: The addition of Sr (700 mM) improved the quality of bone healing induced by DBB. / Mestre

Orientador: Eduardo Hochuli Vieira / Banca: Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior / Banca: Wilson Roberto Poi / Banca: Thallita Pereira Queiroz / Banca: Paulo Esteves Pinto Faria / Resumo: Proposição: Este estudo avaliou a resposta tecidual ao implante xenógeno inorgânico de osso bovino, por meio de análise histomorfológica e histomorfométrica, variando-se o método de esterilização. Materiais e Método: Discos de 8 mm costela bovina foram obtidos por processamento específico para remoção de parte orgânica e foram esterilizados por meio de autoclavagem ou radiação gama. Em seguida, 20 coelhos brancos (Nova Zelândia) foram cirurgiados para instalação dos discos na face lateral dos gônios mandibulares, bilateralmente, através de parafuso de fixação de enxertos, originando dois grandes grupos: Grupo EA - implante autoclavado; Grupo EI - implante gama-irradiado. As lâminas foram obtidas nos períodos de 15 e 45 dias pós-operatórios e as imagens teciduais foram analisadas qualitativa e quantitativamente. Resultados: O teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi aplicado e não identificou diferença significativa entre as medidas lineares das interfaces osso/implante (BIC) dos grupos dentro dos mesmos períodos (15 dias: p=0,100; 45 dias: p=0,940). Conclusão: De acordo com a metodologia aplicada, foi possível concluir que o estabelecimento da integração osso/implante cursou com atraso quando o implante foi esterilizado por radiação, porém, com a evolução da reparação, o método de esterilização não ocasionou alterações significativas no período final / Abstract: Proposition: This study evaluated the tissue response to the implant inorganic xenogenic bovine bone through the histomorphological analysis, varying the method of sterilization. Materials and Methods: Discs of 8 mm bovine rib were obtained by specific processing to remove organics phase and were sterilized by autoclaving or gamma radiation. Then, 20 white rabbits (New Zealand) were operated for discs installation on gonion external side of mandibular, bilaterally, through screw grafts, yielding two large groups: EA - implant autoclaved; EI Group - gamma-irradiated implant. Slides were obtained at 15 and 45 days post-operative tissue and the images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test was used and no difference was found between linear interfaces of the bone / implant (BIC) groups within the same period (15 days: p = 0.100; 45 days: p = 0.940). Conclusion: According to the methodology, it was concluded that the establishment of integration bone / implant occurred later when the implant was sterilized by radiation in initial period, but with the evolution of repair, the method of sterilization did not cause significative changes in the final period / Doutor

Orientador: Renato Mazzonetto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T06:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kluppel_LeandroEduardo_M.pdf: 14531516 bytes, checksum: c01e828bcc790ef759e104126e1ff65a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar histológica e radiograficamente a influência do tamanho das partículas da matriz óssea bovina anorgânica (MOBA) sobre o processo de reparação óssea. Na calvária de 18 coelhos adultos da raça Nova Zelândia foram preparadas quatro cavidades com diâmetro de 8 milímetros, sendo duas do lado direito da sutura sagital e duas do lado esquerdo. Os defeitos foram preenchidos com osso autógeno triturado (grupo controle); MOBA de granulação grossa; MOBA de granulação média ou MOBA de granulação fina. Os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos pós-operatórios de 15, 30 e 60 dias. Antes do início do processamento histológico, as peças foram radiografadas sequencialmente. Para análise destas imagens utilizou-se como padrão de comparação o osso do crânio que não estava envolvido nas áreas de ostectomia. Desta forma, observou-se que o osso autógeno apresentava-se discretamente radiopaco inicialmente, tendendo a apresentar uma radiopacidade bastante semelhante ao tecido adjacente no período final. A MOBA de granulação grossa e média mantiveram o mesmo padrão radiográfico, sendo que aos 60 dias, o aparecimento de uma porção radiolúcida em sua porção central pode ser observada. Já a MOBA de granulação fina apresentava discreta radiolucidez no período inicial, a qual tornou-se mais intensa nos períodos sucessivos. A análise histológica demonstrou a formação de maior quantidade de osso e menos reação inflamatória no grupo controle (osso autógeno). Para o biomaterial, em todas as granulações pôde-se observar a presença de infiltrado inflamatório considerável nos períodos de 15 e 30 dias. Nos defeitos preenchidos pela MOBA de granulações grossa e média o processo de reparação transcorreu de maneira semelhante, sendo que no período final uma grande quantidade de partículas e tecido conjuntivo fibroso ainda estavam presentes na cavidade. Contrariamente, a MOBA de granulação fina proporcionou a formação de maior quantidade de tecido osteóide e as partículas foram reabsorvidas quase que em sua totalidade transcorridos 60 dias de sua implantação. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que: (1) o enxerto ósseo autógeno isoladamente proporcionou o melhor resultado em termos de reparação dos defeitos ósseos; (2) a MOBA é um material biocompatível; (3) a MOBA de granulação grossa e média não são reabsorvidas em sua totalidade no período observado; (4) a MOBA de granulação fina foi reabsorvida de forma mais intensa e proporcionou uma maior formação de tecido osteóide quando comparada às outras granulações / Abstract: The aim of this present study was to analyze, clinical and histologically, the influence of anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM) particle size on bone repair. Four calvarial defects of 8 millimeters each were prepared in 18 adult New Zealand rabbits, two in the right side, and two in the left side. The defects were filled with either particulate autogenous bone (control group); ABBM of large size granules; ABBM of medium size granules; or ABBM of small size granules. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. The samples were radiographic examined before being submitted to histological processing. The analysis of these radiographic images was performed by comparing them with images of the cranial bone not involved with the areas of osteotomy. Thus, it was observed that autogenous bone showed a slight radiopacity at the beginning which was increased at the final period, being very similar to the adjacent bone tissue in terms of radiopacity. The large and medium size ABBM particles maintained the same radiographic behavior, showing a radiolucid area in the central portion of the defect at 60 days. On the other hand, the ABBM of small size granules showed a slight radiolucity at the initial period, which was increased at the subsequent periods. The histological analysis showed a more intense bone formation within the control group (autogenous bone). With regards to the biomaterial, it was observed that all three particle sizes resulted in inflammatory infiltration at 15 and 30 days. The bone repair at the defects filled with ABBM of medium or large size granules was similar to each other, with the presence of a large amount of remaining particles and fibrous connective tissue in the defect at the final period. In contrast, ABBM of small size granules lead to a greater amount of osteoid tissue, and the particles were almost totally reabsorbed within 60 days of implantation. Based on these results, it was concluded that: (1) autogenous bone graft lead to the best result in terms of bone defect repair; (2) ABBM is a biocompatible material; (3) ABBM of large and medium size granules are not totally reabsorbed at the observed period; (4) ABBM of small size granules was more intensively reabsorbed, and lead to a greater osteoid tissue formation when compared to the medium and large ABBM granules / Mestrado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Abstract Reduction of morbidity in osseous reconstruction of cranio-maxillofacial bony defects could come from development of less invasive bone graft harvesting techniques or by elimination of bone graft donor sites using a bone graft substitute. This work studies outcomes and morbidity associated with these two approaches. A power-driven trephine was used to harvest bone from the anterior iliac crest using a minimally invasive surgical technique. Initially the safety of the technique was evaluated in a cadaver model. Twenty-five freshly preserved adult cadavers had a total of 250 cancellous cores of bone harvested from 50 anterior iliac crest sites. Twenty intentional perforations were made to the maximum depth possible with the instrumentation tested. No encroachment upon the peritoneum was found. A total of 84 patients had 333 cores of cancellous bone harvested using the same approach with a complication rate of 3.6% and a patient satisfaction rate of 98.8%. In a further 76 patients the motorized trephine method was compared to traditional open iliac crest corticocancellous block harvesting. The trephine group ambulated earlier, required fewer days of hospital stay and had significantly lower pain scores than the open iliac crest group. Coral-derived granules were used as a xenograft bone graft substitute to treat bony defects in the cranio-maxillofacial skeletons of 36 patients with 54 sites and followed for 12 to 36 months. The augmentations produced satisfactory results with the following complications noted: overt wound infection 1.8%, wound irritation 3.8% and clinically evident resorption in 9.3% of augmented sites. Coral-derived granules were then used to treat 48 dento-alveolar defects in 21 growing patients with trauma induced tooth-loss in the anterior maxilla and elective ankylosed tooth removal in the posterior maxilla and mandible. Coral granules were significantly more efficacious in reconstructing alveolar defects in the posterior maxilla or mandible (93.5%), than the anterior maxilla (17.6%). The minimally invasive technique using a power driven trephine was successful at reducing morbidity from bone graft harvesting at the anterior iliac crest. Coral-derived granules can be used in selected situations as a bone graft substitute and minimize post surgical morbidity by eliminating the bone graft donor site.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 B36 / Master of Science

An increase in degenerative bone disease in an ageing population, combined with a rise in the number of patients suffering from bone defects caused by physical trauma, makes the repair of bone an issue of growing clinical relevance. Current treatments such as autografts and allografts have major drawbacks, including donor site morbidity, limited availability, disease transmission and immune rejection. To overcome these issues synthetic bone grafts have been developed to mimic the mineral phase of bone. Given the significant roles of silicon in bone growth and development there has been great interest in introducing silicon into synthetic bone grafts to enhance their bioactivity. Calcium phosphate based silicate containing grafts have demonstrated enhanced bioactivity, improved physical properties, enhanced protein adsorption and greater bone formation, when compared to non-silicated calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite. However, is not clear whether the increased bone formation associated with these materials is the result of greater osteoblast activity or a rise in numbers of osteoblasts resulting from activation and differentiation of stem/ progenitor cells. To answer this question, multipotent stem cells were cultured on silicate substituted calcium phosphate (Si-CaP) and hydroxyapatite (HA). Si-CaP promoted greater cell adhesion and enhanced proliferation when compared to HA. Cells differentiated along the osteogenic lineage on both substrates as evidenced by up regulation of osteoblast specific genes and proteins. However, cells on Si-CaP showed earlier and greater gene expression of all osteoblast genes examined, and greater protein production as detected by immunohistochemistry. Integrin gene expression analysis revealed up regulation of α an d β subunits on both substrates during differentiation. Integrins α5 and β1 expression were greater on Si-CaP than on HA, suggesting preferential binding of fibronectin. The implication of these findings for tissue engineering is clear, suggesting these substrates may be utilized to control stem cell fate in vivo and in vitro without the need for osteogenic supplementation. Furthermore, the increased rate of differentiation seen on Si-CaP may enable the development of novel substrates for osteogenic differentiation of MSC, which may have significant impact in regenerative medicine.

Este trabalho está baseado no desenvolvimento do compósito poli(metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) microfibra de biovidro 45S5® (BV) com porosidade para aplicação direcionada a implantes ósseos. O PMMA é um material do tipo bioinerte amplamente utilizado na fabricação de implantes. O biovidro 45S5® é um biomaterial bioativo classe-A, que significa ser capaz de integração com tecidos moles e ósseos. O presente trabalho objetiva a conjugação das propriedades destes dois materiais em um conceito que introduz microfibra de biovidro 45S5® e porosidade em uma matriz de PMMA na busca de um material com elevada osteointegração e que permita a manufatura de implantes com adequada resistência a carregamentos mecânicos. Foram manufaturados e avaliados fisicamente e in vivo corpos de prova de PMMA com introdução de 20% de microfibra de biovidro (densos e porosos a 80%), corpos de PMMA com introdução de hidroxiapatita (densos e porosos a 80%) e de PMMA (densos e porosos a 80%) para controle. Foram realizados testes mecânicos de compressão e de flexão a três pontos para medidas de resistência e rigidez. Também foram realizadas medidas da microdureza Vickers e da densidade das amostras. Os resultados médios obtidos da tensão de escoamento e módulo elástico para os corpos de prova com introdução de 20% de microfibra de biovidro nos ensaios de compressão foram de 44 MPa e 1403 MPa respectivamente para as amostras densas e de 8 MPa e 13 MPa para as amostras porosas e nos ensaios de flexão foram de 48 MPa e 8129 MPa para os corpos densos e de 5 MPa e 97 MPa para os corpos porosos. A modelagem matemática a partir dos resultados permite a determinação antecipada da formulação para o atendimento específico de cada proposta de implante. Os implantes ensaiados in vivo com adição de microfibra de Biovidro 45S5® foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados em integração óssea e controle da inflamação local. / This work is based on the development of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) - bioglass 45S5® microfibers composite with porosity for bone implants application. PMMA is a bioinert material widely used in the manufacture of biological implants. The 45S5® bioglass is a bioactive class-A biomaterial which indicates ability to integrate with bone and soft tissues. The present study aims to combine the properties of these two materials on a concept that introduces bioglass 45S5® microfibers and porosity in a matrix of PMMA in order to find a material with high bone integration and capable of manufacture implants with adequate resistance to mechanical loads. Samples of PMMA with the introduction of 20% of bioglass microfiber (dense and 80% of porous), PMMA with introduction of hydroxyapatite (dense and 80% of porous), and PMMA (dense and 80% of porous) for control were fabricated and evaluated both physically and in vivo. Mechanical tests such as compression and three points bending have been performed for measurements of strain and stiffness. Measurements of Vickers microhardness and density of the samples also were performed. The average results of yield stress and elastic modulus for the samples with the introduction of 20% microfiber bioglass in compression tests were 44 MPa and 1403 MPa respectively for dense samples and 8 MPa and 13 MPa for porous samples and in bending tests were 48 MPa and 8129 MPa for dense bodies and 5 MPa and 97 MPa for the porous bodies. The mathematical modeling based on the results allows the early determination of the formulation to meet the specific needs of each implant proposal. The implants tested in vivo with addition of 45S5® bioglass microfiber presented the best results in bone integration and control of local inflammation when compared with all the other groups with the scaffold presence.