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Foraging Behavior and Reproductive Success of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae)Stone, Christopher M. 26 September 2011 (has links)
No description available.
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Effects of habitat and plant volatiles on mosquito spatial, seasonal, and chemical ecologyVanderGiessen, Morgen 03 June 2021 (has links)
Mosquitoes, by transmitting vector-borne diseases through their saliva, impact nearly half of the world's population. Mosquito survival is dependent on their sense of smell, or olfaction, which allows a mosquito to differentiate between plant nectar, required for metabolic processes, and host odors, which will help them navigate towards hosts, source of the blood required for producing eggs. Mosquitoes interpret and respond to chemical volatiles very differently depending on their environment (temperature, humidity, time of day, etc.) and species-specific host preferences (humans, mammals, etc.). However, the impact of ecological factors on mosquito prevalence, sugar-feeding, and host seeking is relatively unknown. In an attempt to address this knowledge gap, we first investigate how several ecological factors (i.e., temporal, seasonal, and topographical) affect mosquito sugar feeding and population dynamics. Second, we focused on the anthropophilic mosquito species Aedes aegypti to investigate the role of plant associated compounds in host-seeking behavior, such as those which are commonly found in personal care products (i.e., body washes). Our results demonstrate that several ecological factors alter mosquito prevalence and behavior, including both sugar and host seeking behaviors. We anticipate these results to be a starting point for mosquito control strategies that depend not only on olfactory perception of plant odors, but also on the ecological and species-specific characteristics which shape the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. / Master of Science in Life Sciences / Most female mosquitoes must feed on a blood source in order to produce eggs, but in doing this they can transmit viruses and pathogens between hosts through their saliva, which are contracted by 700,000 people per year. In order to survive and fly to locate these host sources, both female and male mosquitoes require sugar and carbohydrates present in plant nectar. Mosquito identification of nectar and blood sources is primarily dependent on their sense of smell, or olfaction, which allows a mosquito to identify and locate chemical odors. The interpretation of these chemical odors is context dependent on both the mosquitoes' hunger status, ideal host (human, mammal, bird, etc.) and environmental cues (temperature, humidity, time of day, etc.). It is relatively unknown how the combination of these biological and environmental factors influences mosquito survival and biting frequency. In order to better understand this relationship, we first investigated mosquito species' habitat preferences (i.e., urban and forested) and ecological factors (i.e., season, weather). Second, we focused on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which almost exclusively feed on humans in urban habitats, to investigate mosquito behavior in the presence of combined plant and human odors caused by the usage of fragrant personal care products that are scented with plant odors. Our results demonstrate that mosquito prevalence, host-seeking, and plant-seeking are highly dependent on chemical and ecological factors. We anticipate that this research has avenues for both improving mosquito control strategies and better understanding the ecological dynamics of vector-borne diseases.
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Associative Learning Capabilities of Adult Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Other MosquitoesSanford, Michelle Renée 2010 May 1900 (has links)
The association of olfactory information with a resource is broadly known as
olfactory-based associative learning. From an ecological perspective, associative
learning can reduce search time for resources and fine tune responses to changing biotic
and abiotic factors in a variable environment, which in mosquitoes has implications for
pathogen transmission and vector control strategies. The purpose of this dissertation was
to examine the ability for olfactory-based associative learning across the major life
history domains of mosquitoes.
Six different experiments comprise this dissertation. The first was to evaluate the
response of mosquitoes following conditioning to 5, 10 or 50% sucrose concentrations
with individual level mosquito conditioning and testing and introduction of statistical
analysis with binary logistic regression. Mosquitoes did not respond in a dose dependent
manner with respect to positive response to target odors following conditioning. This
effect appears to be related to the mosquitoes' prior exposure to sugar as those exposed
to 10% sucrose before conditioning did not prefer 50% sucrose but significantly fewer chose 5% sucrose. In an evaluation of host associated odors and second blood meal
choice by females using a dual-choice olfactometer no significant effects were observed.
The lack of significance may have been due to insufficient sample sizes, problems with
odor collection or physiological state of mosquitoes. Effects of predatory mosquitofish
on larval development and female oviposition choice were evaluated by rearing in
separated habitats under three different treatments followed by an oviposition choice
assay. Females did not prefer their natal habitat or avoid predators but chose substrate
that had contained mosquitofish fed conspecific larvae. Mosquitofish affected larval
development with acceleration in treatments with mosquitofish fed Tetramin® and
delayed pupation in treatments with mosquitofish fed conspecific larvae. Mosquito
memory length was evaluated by conditioning and testing at six time intervals from
colony and field populations at two ages. Younger mosquitoes showed higher levels of
positive response after conditioning at all time intervals except the longest (24h). Finally
the olfactory-based associative learning ability of Anopheles cracens was evaluated.
Significant evidence for learning was observed in males but not females at a memory
length interval of 24h.
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Biology of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: behavioral and reproductive components of sugar feedingGary, Richard Eugene, Jr. 13 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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