Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis--Leyden. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of London, 2005. / Title from search results screen (British Library EThOS Web site, viewed March 29, 2010.)

L'objectif de notre thèse, est de réaliser un état des lieux des pratiques et des conditions d'enseignement pour cerner les effets de l'enseignement sur l'acquisition de la langue et d'évaluer l'efficacité du système des écoles maternelles à Oman. La première partie de thèse a pour but de présenter une réflexion théorique concernant l'enseignement dans les écoles maternelles dans le monde et en particulier au sultanat d'Oman. La seconde partie est empirique et comprend deux études : la première est une enquête qui fait une analyse générale du système éducatif des écoles maternelles omanaises, en utilisant des questionnaires à destination des enseignantes (n=429), inspecteurs(n=34) et personnel administratif (n=100) dans 100 écoles maternelles en 10 régions du pays , la deuxième se compose d'observations des pratiques d'enseignement du langage dans les écoles maternelles omanaises. Des grilles d'observation ont été réalisées pour analyser les activités d'enseignement du langage (n= 50 classes dans 50 écoles en 6 régions). Les élèves (n=475) ont été évalués en langage par des pré et post-tests. Les résultats de l'enquête montrent que l'école maternelle omanaise accueille les enfants scolarisés dès l'âge de 3 ans et présentent des caractéristiques de construction et d'aménagement ainsi que d'un ratio élève/enseignant plutôt satisfaisant mais des points négatifs sont à relever. Les maternelles sont privées et payantes, ce qui ne facilite pas l'accès à l'éducation. Au sein des écoles, les associations de parents sont soit inexistantes, soit inactives, en lien peut-être avec un niveau culturel et éducatif bas des parents malgré leur niveau socio-économique élevé. Par ailleurs, il ressort deux langues (arabe et anglais) sont enseignées, suivant un guide du ministère de l'éducation, mais il n'y a pas de programme commun à toutes les écoles maternelles. La plupart des enseignantes ont un faible niveau de diplôme et manquent de formation. La grille d'observation fait apparaître dix types d'activités qui sont définies du point de vue de leur contenu par rapport à l'apprentissage du langage. La pratique des activités de langage passe la plupart du temps par l'enseignement magistral et se déroule dans un mode collectif. En outre, selon les résultats de pré et post-test, la variation de score constatée entre le pré et le post-test est plus forte pour les compétences de compréhension du langage mais existent également pour les compétences de conscience phonologique et de compétences lecture-écriture. Dans l'analyse multiniveau, la relation n'est pas la même entre le pré et le post-test dans toutes les écoles. Le prétest explique assez peu les variations inter-individuelles comme les variations inter-classes et qu'il y des différences entre les écoles et aussi entre les élèves. On n'observe pas d'influence des variables "genre et durée de scolarisation" et "caractéristiques des enseignantes" (qualification et expérience). Par contre, il y a un effet "région". le facteur influence du type d'interaction enseignant –élève, le mode de gestion de la classe (TM, TCM) est plus forte que celle de la méthode utilisée (implicite, explicite et magistrale), elle-même plus forte que le mode de déroulement (individuel et collectif). Notons que dans la méthode et le mode de gestion de classe, les valeurs afférentes aux activités de code sont meilleures que celles afférentes à celle de sens ce qui signifie que la méthode code est plus efficace que la méthode sens. Les variables qui sont ressorties comme efficaces pour l'apprentissage du langage : sens-implicite, code-TCM, sens-TCM et sens-collectif et le système préscolaire omanais gagnerait à leur prise en compte. En outre la formation continue récente a un effet significatif (l'efficacité des enseignantes est plus forte pour celles qui en ont bénéficié). / The objective of this thesis is to provide an inventory of practices and teaching conditions to identify the effects of education on language acquisition and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Omani system for kindergartners. the first part of the thesis presents a theoretical reflection on teaching in nursery schools in the world and particularly in Oman. The second part includes two empirical studies : the first is a survey made a general analysis of the education system for Omani kindergartens, using questionnaires to teachers (n = 429 ) , supervisors (n = 34) and administrative staff(n = 100 ) in 100 kindergartens in 10 regions of the country; the second consists of observations of language teaching practices in Omani kindergartens. Observation grids were carried out to analyze the language-teaching activities (n = 50 classes in 50 schools in 6 regions). Students (n = 475 ) were evaluated in language by pre-and post - tests. The results show that the Omani preschool welcomes 3 years old children have features construction and development as well as a pupil / teacher ratio rather good but negative points are noteworthy. Kindergartens are private and charges, do not facilitate access to education. In schools , parent associations are either absent or inactive , linked perhaps with a low cultural and educational level of parents, despite their high socio -economic level. Moreover, two languages (Arabic and English) are teached, following a guide from the Ministry of Education, but there is no common program to all kindergarten schools. Most teachers have a low degree and lack of training. The results of the observation grid highlight ten types of activities that are defined from the point of view of their content in relation to language learning. The practice of language activities spends most of the time by lecturing and takes place in a collective fashion contrary. In addition, the results to pre-and post- test, show firstly the scores change more strongly in LAC (language comprehension skills) but also existing in LAS (phonological awareness skills) and LALE (reading-writing Skills) between the pre-and post –test. In the multilevel analysis, the relationship is not the same between the pre and post- test in all schools. Pretest explains very little of both inter-individual variations that variations between classes and there are many differences between schools and between students. It appears that there is no influence of the variables "gender and years of schooling" and "characteristics of teachers" (qualification and experience). As against, there is a «region " effect. It also appears that the influence of management type mode of conduct (TM, TCM) is stronger than the method (implicit, explicit and masterful), which is stronger than the manner of conduct (individual and collective). Note that in the method and mode of conduct, values relating to the activities of code are better than those relating to the meaning. Variables that have emerged as effective in language learning are implicit sense, code -TCM, TCM sense and collective sense and Omani preschool system would benefit from their inclusion. In addition the recent training has a significant effect (efficacy teachers is higher for those who have benefited).

A presente tese tem por objetivo examinar a formação da coligação de resistência organizada, no final do século XIX, por chefes de Angoche, Sangage, Sancul e Quitangonha, dos grupos macua-imbamela e namarrais, às interferências da política colonialista portuguesa no norte de Moçambique. Esses chefes efetuaram vários ataques aos postos administrativos e militares portugueses, postergando a ocupação efetiva daquele território até 1910. O principal objetivo da coligação era a preservação da autonomia política, ameaçada pelas iniciativas de ocupação territorial e pela instituição de mecanismos coloniais, como o controle do comércio e da produção de gêneros agrícolas, a cobrança de impostos e o trabalho compulsório. Os participantes da coligação estavam inseridos num complexo de interconexões gerado pelas múltiplas relações estabelecidas por meio dos espaços políticos, culturais, religiosos e de trocas comerciais, que envolviam não apenas as sociedades islâmicas da costa, as do interior e as do mundo suaíli, como o sultanato de Zanzibar, as ilhas Comores e Madagascar, mas também indianos, portugueses, ingleses e franceses. Essas relações eram definidas pelo parentesco, pela doação de terra, pela religião islâmica e pelos contatos comerciais. Essas conexões facilitaram a formação da coligação de resistência no final do século XIX. / The present thesis has as objective to examine the formation of the coalition resistance organized at the end of the nineteenth century, by the leaderships of Angoche, Sangage, Sancul and Quitangonha, and the groups macua-imbamela and namarrais, to the interference of the Portuguese colonialist policy in Northern Mozambique. Those learderships effectuated several attacks to the Portuguese military and administrative posts, postponing the effective occupation of that territory until 1910. The main objective of the coalition was the preservation of the political autonomy, threatened by the initiatives of the territorial occupation and the establishment of the colonial mechanisms, as the control of the trade and the agricultural production, the collection of taxes and the compulsory labor. Participants in the coalition were inserted of a complex of interconnections generated by the multiple relationships established through the political, cultural, religious and trade spaces, which involved not only the Islamic societies of the coast, the interior ones and the World Swahili as Zanzibar Sultanate, Comoros and Madagascar, but also Indian, Portuguese, English and French people. Those relationships were defined by the kinship, the land donating, the Islamic religion and also mercantile contacts. Those connections facilitated the formation of the resistance coalition at end of the nineteenth century.

No description available.

This thesis deals with the political philosophy of al-Ghazzali from an analytical point of view. It focuses its examination on his theory regarding the imamate and sultanate. This examination is based on four of his works, namely, Fad&dotbelow;a'ih&dotbelow; al-Bat&dotbelow;iniyah wa-fad&dotbelow;a'il al-Mustaz&dotbelow;hiriyah, al-Iqtis&dotbelow;ad fi'l-i'tiqad, Ih&dotbelow;ya' 'ulum al-din and Nas&dotbelow;ih&dotbelow;at al-muluk . It begins with an account of past scholarship on al-Ghazzali's political thought. Until recently scholars have focused on al-Ghazzali's theories without giving due consideration to the circumstances that led him to develop them. This thesis shows how they were shaped by his encounter with the 'Abbasid court and the Seljuq sultanate, and how his own theological and juridical concerns coloured his interpretations. The practical necessity of justifying his concept of the imamate was forced upon him by the challenge posed by the Fat&dotbelow;imid caliph in Egypt, and by the reality of power politics in Baghdad, where the caliph exercised only nominal control. Throughout his writings he demonstrates an overriding concern for a stable society in which Islam can be practiced in full, even at the cost of living under an oppressive system.

A presente tese tem por objetivo examinar a formação da coligação de resistência organizada, no final do século XIX, por chefes de Angoche, Sangage, Sancul e Quitangonha, dos grupos macua-imbamela e namarrais, às interferências da política colonialista portuguesa no norte de Moçambique. Esses chefes efetuaram vários ataques aos postos administrativos e militares portugueses, postergando a ocupação efetiva daquele território até 1910. O principal objetivo da coligação era a preservação da autonomia política, ameaçada pelas iniciativas de ocupação territorial e pela instituição de mecanismos coloniais, como o controle do comércio e da produção de gêneros agrícolas, a cobrança de impostos e o trabalho compulsório. Os participantes da coligação estavam inseridos num complexo de interconexões gerado pelas múltiplas relações estabelecidas por meio dos espaços políticos, culturais, religiosos e de trocas comerciais, que envolviam não apenas as sociedades islâmicas da costa, as do interior e as do mundo suaíli, como o sultanato de Zanzibar, as ilhas Comores e Madagascar, mas também indianos, portugueses, ingleses e franceses. Essas relações eram definidas pelo parentesco, pela doação de terra, pela religião islâmica e pelos contatos comerciais. Essas conexões facilitaram a formação da coligação de resistência no final do século XIX. / The present thesis has as objective to examine the formation of the coalition resistance organized at the end of the nineteenth century, by the leaderships of Angoche, Sangage, Sancul and Quitangonha, and the groups macua-imbamela and namarrais, to the interference of the Portuguese colonialist policy in Northern Mozambique. Those learderships effectuated several attacks to the Portuguese military and administrative posts, postponing the effective occupation of that territory until 1910. The main objective of the coalition was the preservation of the political autonomy, threatened by the initiatives of the territorial occupation and the establishment of the colonial mechanisms, as the control of the trade and the agricultural production, the collection of taxes and the compulsory labor. Participants in the coalition were inserted of a complex of interconnections generated by the multiple relationships established through the political, cultural, religious and trade spaces, which involved not only the Islamic societies of the coast, the interior ones and the World Swahili as Zanzibar Sultanate, Comoros and Madagascar, but also Indian, Portuguese, English and French people. Those relationships were defined by the kinship, the land donating, the Islamic religion and also mercantile contacts. Those connections facilitated the formation of the resistance coalition at end of the nineteenth century.

No description available.