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The purpose of this study was to evaluate some of the achievements of the camp in furthering the social development of the campers as a means of directing future procedures used in the camp.

Des recherches actuelles ont montré que l'efficacité des dirigeants concerne l'humanité. En raison des connaissances différentes de la nature humaine occidentale et orientale ; il y a une différence significative de tous les genres de dirigeants. Par rapport au sens l'humanité de Ptolémée de l'Ouest avec l'individu comme le centre, la nature humaine est de Galileo dans le contexte de la culture orientale qui souligne la relation étroitement liée entre l'homme et la société. Comme le soleil est au centre de la galaxie, le chef dans les relations sociales est dans le noyau. Sur cette base, nous avons proposé Sunshine Leadership dans le contexte de la culture chinoise. Nous avons fait une enquête en deux étapes de 635 membres de l'équipe de marketing direct de la Chine. Dans la première étape, on a parlé face à face par des entretiens, de responsabilité, d’expérence sur les dirigeants et de la distance de pouvoir. Les analyses de facteur d'exploration et de facteurs de confirmation montrent que Sunshine Leadership est un concept claire de Leadership, comprenant: un sentiment de bonheur, montrer l'exemple, des relations et apporter un changement radical à l'état de choses existant. Ensuite dans la deuxième phase, on explore comment Sunshine Leadership influencer sur la satisfaction et l'engagement de l'Organisation par les influences sur la relation d'échange des membres. Les résultats montrent que c'est une bonne variable pour la prévision de comportement du personnel. Cette étude s'étend de la recherche de la théorie de la direction et fournit une perspective interculturelle et le cadre pour comprendre comment les scénarios de l'Organisation impacter l'efficacité de la direction par l’interaction avec des caractéristiques individuelles. / Previous studies have shown that Leadership effectiveness is bound up with personality. Because of the significant differences between the East and the West in human nature, there are also great differences in the styles of leadership. Compare to a Ptolemian view of human nature, which is deeply rooted in Western cultural, The Chinese concept of personality more closely resembles a Galiean view of human nature, which recognizes that the individual is embedded in a social network. Just as the sun is the center of the galaxy, leadership is at the heart of the social network. In this way, we have proposed and constructed a sunshine leadership model from the point of view of Chinese Taoism and Confucian culture. A two-phase survey data were collected from 625 Chinese direct-selling employees. In the first survey, the focal employee was asked to provide information about sunshine leadership, Including felt obligations, expectations to leader, and power distance orientation. Consistent with predictions, a simulation study is conducted using the SPSS 15.0 EFA and CFA programs. The EFA results obtained four factors. The CFA results also fit the hypothesized four factor structure model for all methods. Both results showed that the sunshine leadership was an distinctive construct which consists of four dimensions: Guanxi, Happiness, Character and Hold-Crisis. In the second survey, we further examined the influence of sunshine leadership on employee job satisfaction and organizational Commitment mediated by Leader-member exchange(LMX). The results show that the sunshine leadership is a good predictor of employee's work behavior，which had positive effects on both job satisfaction and commitment. Our Research extends theory of leadership by providing a cross-cultural perspective and framework to understanding how organizational context may interact with individual dispositions to affect the effectiveness of leadership in China. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

The Coeur d'Alene district in northern Idaho is a world class Pb-Ag mesothermal vein system that has produced about 360 million ounces of silver, lead, and zinc since the 1880s. Despite the long history of exploration and production, the district does not have a predictive model for exploration based on a sound understanding of structural controls on the silver ore deposits; this is certainly the case for the Sunshine Mine and surrounding area. Fault kinematic history in the district shows a regional scale fault system reactivated over time with dextral, sinistral, and dip-slip displacement. The fault system is superimposed on regional deformation fabrics that were examined for this study in the Sunshine Mine area. Cleavage sets observed in the Sunshine mine area, distinguished by orientation and superposition relationships, are consistent with the findings of Smith (2004) which defined cleavage sets referred to as S1, S2, and S3. Two additional deformation fabrics that appear spatially tied to fault zones formed between development of cleavages S2 and S3. The multiple cleavages, fault zones, and their intersections are interpreted to act as pathways for hydrothermal fluids associated with vein formation and silver ore deposition. Thin section kinematic analysis of vein and shear zone samples defined a dip-slip sense of shear associated with the Sterling vein. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis of vein and shear zone samples failed to define a lattice preferred crystallographic orientation that defined shear sense. Similarly, cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis of thin section textures failed to define a dominant shear sense and fault kinematics. Nevertheless, additional study using these techniques is warranted. Both field observation and thin section analysis demonstrate a direct relationship between shear zones, veins, and mineralization potential, clarifying the need for detailed fault maps for the Sunshine Mine area and Coeur d'Alene district.

This thesis is on the estimation models for the daily global solar irradiation on a horizontal surface at the surface of the Earth. New approaches are developed and applied to 15 locations of Turkey and Germany. The main idea in developing the new models is to link the surface data to satellite imagery. Totally three new modeling approaches are developed and tested. Surface data of daily bright sunshine hours (s) and cloud index (n) values derived from satellite images are the main input parameters. In the first approach, monthly coefficients of Angstr&ouml / m linear relation between daily solar irradiation and daily bright sunshine hours are used to replace the clear sky irradiance calculations of HELIOSAT model. In the second approach new correlations are obtained between daily bright sunshine hours (s) and cloud index (n). Last model that is developed uses a new correlation expression between daily solar irradiation and daily data of s and n and this expression is derived using a physical consideration. The performances of the proposed models are tested against conventional methods (mainly, satellite-based HELIOSAT and ground-based linear Angstr&ouml / m-Prescott type). The results show that the use of sunshine duration together with the cloud index is quite satisfactory in the estimations of daily global solar irradiation. The accuracy of estimations of the combined models is considerably higher than the conventional approaches. Therefore, we propose to use the new approaches to estimate daily global irradiation whenever the data of bright sunshine hours is available for the location of interest or a nearby station. In addition, for a point on the earth surface, depending on the data in hand, suitable and most accurate models of estimations are proposed for that point.

In this thesis, 41 years of bright sunshine duration (SD) data of 192 meteorological stations in Turkey were analyzed. The main objective is to determine the trends of SD data and the importance of such analyses is the high correlation between SD data and solar irradiation reaching the surface of the earth. Because of the missing value problems, only the data set for 72 stations were examined. After imputing missing values of these stations by expectation maximization algorithm, to test the homogeneity Kruskal Wallis test (K-W) and Wald-Wolfowitz runs test for randomness were applied. Only 36 of the stations passed from these homogeneity tests therefore, trend analysis was carried out for these locations. To exclude the data sets which did not pass from the tests was important to reach more accurate trend analysis of the data in hand. Results of the trend analysis showed that the change of SD over the 41 years are in agreement with the globally identified surface solar radiation dimming and brightening time periods all over the world. The dimming period is mainly between the years 1970 and about 1990 while the brightening period is from about 1990 to 2010. The yearly averages of SD data sets of 27 locations out of 36, for the years in the dimming period, were in a good agreement with the global dimming trends. However, for the brightening period the agreement was not as clear as it was in the dimming period. Nevertheless, during the brightening period, the data set of most of the locations had zero trends or noticeably reduced rates of decrease of SD. The dimming might be attributed to the increase in air pollution and this might be an indication of human induced climate change. Larger amounts of negative trends during winter months supported this conclusion. However, to reach a concrete conclusion more accurate of different climatic parameters should be analyzed. Satellites images may be helpful for further clarifications of such conclusions on climate change issues.

This study is, in effect, the compilation and the telling of the story of the establishment of the school of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception at Sunshine, it seeks to add to the quantum of knowledge available in regard to: First - the story of that particular school's establishment, Second - its derivation from and contribution to the \vider context of the development of Catholic education in Victoria, and Third - its place in the story of the growth of a suburban community as a reflection of some of the social forces which were operating in Victoria at that time. This thesis is the result of an invitation by the writer to a number of people to collaborate in constructing the storf. These people ranged from those who, as children, attended the new school, and those whose experience of its establishment was a generation removed but who, nevertheless. claim an affinity ,with the school and its society, to those archivists, professional and otherwise, whose task or desire is to keep alive the historical foundations of our culture. It this thesis is attached to any particular school of historiography it would be closest to the Annales school as outlined in The Living Past: Western Historiographical Traditions (1975). As Andrea and Schmokel describe it, The labors of love of a group of historians associated with the journal Les Annales have produced a wealth of informative detail studies about the life styles, living standards, social values and assumptions about various social groups in all periods of French and European history. (This school) simply seeks to recover knowledge about the past as it was lived. (p.266) In the light of postmodern criticism developed since 1975, this thesis acknowledges directly the ideological base from which the author is coming. Nevertheless, it remains within the orbit of Annales historiography in that it seeks to

Feeds that maximize reproductive potential are needed to ensure success of captive broodstock. Nutritional requirements for somatic growth of juvenile fishes differ from nutritional requirements of mature fishes and are largely species-specific. Broodstock nutritional research has focused primarily on lipid and fatty acid requirements and their effects on reproductive conditioning due to the importance of these nutrients in providing metabolic energy and structural elements, i.e. for phospholipids for embryonic development. Development of suitable broodstock feeds are limited by not knowing fatty acid requirements for many species. Once requirements are identified, plant, grain, marine, algal, and fungal lipid sources can be blended to develop least-cost diet formulations. The objectives of this dissertation are to (1) evaluate white bass Morone chrysops ovum fatty acid composition and reproductive performance after feeding maternal broodstock graded levels of squid to fish oil; (2) evaluate flax, canola, and corn oils as alternatives to marine oil(s) in white bass maternal broodstock diets; (3) determine extent to which grain oils can replace marine oils in female white bass broodstock diets in order to maintain reproductive performance and quantify fatty acid utilization of larvae with different initial fatty acid profiles; and (4) assess dietary supplementation of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 concentrates to boost reproductive performance of female white bass fed primarily plant oil-based lipid sources. Of the marine and plant oils tested, menhaden fish oil provided female white bass broodstock the fatty acids (~3.9% n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; LC-PUFA; dry matter basis) necessary to maximize embryonic survival; however, flax oil, due to its low 18:2n-6 and high 18:3n-3 content, showed promise as a suitable plant oil candidate for partial if not complete marine oil substitution in female white bass broodstock feeds. Differential responses in embryonic and larval survival resulted in comparable total larval yields at 5 days post hatch (DPH) after feeding female broodstock graded levels (0, 33, 67, or 100%) flax to fish oils for 30 weeks prior to spawning. At the end of the endogenous feeding period, fatty acid compositions of flax and fish oil-fed broodstock progeny deviated from initial ova composition. Although n-3 LC-PUFA from menhaden fish oil are essential for embryonic survival, sunshine bass appear to have lower n-3 LC-PUFA requirements after hatch. Larval survival was highly dependent on the presence of C18 PUFA present due to flax oil inclusion in maternal diets. Embryonic survival of progeny produced from broodstock fed dietary saturated fatty acid-rich plant lipids supplemented with intact LC-PUFA concentrates (~3.4% n-3 LC-PUFA; dry matter basis) was similar to that of the broodstock fed the menhaden fish oil control diet containing 4.8% n-3 LC-PUFA. Although the dietary requirement for n-3 LC-PUFA was reduced by feeding these LC-PUFA concentrates in combination with plant lipids, menhaden fish oil is still the most viable option for least cost broodstock diet formulations intended for white bass.

Tidally-influenced sandwaves are common coastal features present in various settings, including shipping channels. The main shipping channel in Tampa Bay under the Bob Graham Sunshine Skyway Bridge (a.k.a. the Skyway Bridge) contains such sandwave bedforms. Between the years 2000 and 2017, these bedforms have been surveyed with multibeam echosounders (MBES) on 21 occasions with ranging coverage and quality of returns. Surveys between 2000 and 2009 used a 300 kHz Kongsberg EM3000; surveys between 2015 and 2017 used a 400 kHz Reson Seabat 7125. For comparable surveys, bathymetry, backscatter, slope, curvature, planform curvature, and profile curvature maps were created and analyzed. Spectral analyses were completed on the same cross-section for usable surveys, providing a period and amplitude for the bedforms. Sediment samples were taken in September 2015 using a Shipek grab. The sediment samples were analyzed for grain size and carbonate content. A bottom-mounted ADCP recorded velocity data semi-continuously over the same time period. These data were analyzed in an effort to investigate the forcing mechanisms that influence the bedform morphology. Mean grain sizes in the shipping channel under the Skyway Bridge range from 0.01 φ (0.99 mm, coarse sand) to 1.55 φ (0.34 mm, medium sand). Calcium carbonate content ranges from 25% to 87%. The sediment sample site most representative of the sandwave bedforms has a mean grain size of 0.01 φ and a calcium carbonate content of 87%. The calculated mean current velocity required to initiate transport of the D50 and D84 grain size percentile of the representative sediment sample site is 0.70 m/s and 1.05 m/s, respectively. Analysis of the ADCP-recorded velocity data shows that the calculated D50 critical velocity is frequently reached by peak flood and peak ebb currents except during neap tides, while the D84 critical velocity is reached only intermittently, mostly during spring tides. Analysis of MBES backscatter shows similar spatial patterns in two larger MBES surveys in 2004 and 2015. Bathymetric analysis of the sandwaves shows consistent characteristics through time. Wave crest analysis reveals that bedforms migrate in both the ebb and flood directions. Spectral analysis shows primary wave spatial frequencies range from 0.13 m-1 to 0.22 m-1, and primary wave periods range from 4.5 m to 6.0 m. The predominant wavelength of sandwaves within the study area is about 5 m, with an average wave height of 0.47 m. The maximum wave height along the axial cross-section analyzed is 0.8 m, observed in April 2017. The sediments comprising the sandwave bedforms are likely winnowed by tidal currents resulting in larger grain size and carbonate content than other areas of the shipping channel and surrounding bay. Consistent patterns in MBES backscatter over time indicate that the sediment distribution pattern in the study area have not significantly changed. The size and shape of the bedforms in the shipping channel beneath the Skyway Bridge are have been in a quasi-dynamic equilibrium over the past 13 years. The bedforms are shown to migrate in both the ebb and flood directions despite an average faster ebb current velocity than a flood current velocity. More frequent and consistent MBES surveys as well as more continuous ADCP data availability would allow for better understanding of sediment transport via bedform migration in tidally-influenced environments.

Seafood represents the most important source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in the human diet. However, consuming fish can present risks from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that bioaccumulate in edible tissues following dietary exposure. In farmed fish, POPs accumulate as a result of feeding diets based on fish oil (FO). Fish oil substitution can reduce POP accumulation, but also results in loss of beneficial LC-PUFAs. Fish oil-based finishing diets at the end of production can restore LC-PUFAs, but this strategy also increases POPs. The present study assessed the use of saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich lipids to replace fish oil in grow-out feeds in conjunction with a fish oil-rich finishing diet to determine if this strategy could produce hybrid striped bass with equal production performance, equivalent LC-PUFA levels, and reduced POP concentrations. Triplicate tanks of hybrid striped bass were raised on diets containing fish oil (100% FO), fish oil spiked with additional POPs (100% FO Spike), or blends (50/50 or 25/75) of FO and coconut (CO) or palm (PO) oils (50% CO, 50% PO, 75% CO, 75% PO) with and without an eight week finishing period with the 100% FO diet prior to harvest. Production performance, fillet LC-PUFA, and POP content were assessed. Production performance was not adversely affected by any of the feeding regimens. However, fatty acid profile was altered, with fillets of fish consuming less fish oil having lower LC-PUFA and POP levels. Finishing yielded a modest increase in fillet LC-PUFAs and POPs, but POPs accumulated more readily than LC-PUFAs during finishing. However, harvest fillet POP and LC-PUFA levels in the experimental groups were lower relative to levels in the 100% FO group. Replacing fish oil in aquafeeds can produce fish with reduced LC-PUFAs, and also reduced POPs. Feeding fish oil results in more rapid accumulation of POPs than LC-PUFA. Overall, the 75% fish oil replacement feeds yielded fish with the highest ratio of LC-PUFAs to POPs. Despite lower LC-PUFA content, fillets of fish fed the 75% fish oil replacement feeds could be incorporated into a weekly meal plan with other dietary sources of LC-PUFAs to meet dietary recommendations for these essential nutrients.