We use projected shell model to study superdeformed phenomena in even-even nuclei for 130 and 140 mass regions , inclulding Ce130¡BCe132¡BNd132¡BNd134¡BNd136¡BSm136 and Sm142 etc. The fitting between the calculations and experimental values is very will in Ce and Sm isotopes. We find that there is a peak appearing in the dynamic moments of inertia diagrams in 130 mass region. The phenomena corresponds to a crossing of the SD ground-state band and a band associate the alignment of a neutron pair. The position of the peak will be translated to lower angular momentum with increasing neutron number.

Abstract We apply PSM(projected shell model) to superdeformed phenomena in the Eu isotopes, 143Eu ~ 147Eu odd mass included. In calculating kinetic moment of inertia J(1) and dynamic moment of inertia J(2), comparing with experimental values, we realize the basic property and structure of the nuclear. As a result, we find that the uncertain spin I in 143Eu shifts several . Therefore, the experimental values quite correspond to the theoretical values. In theory, we find there are different superdeformed phenomena in 147Eu.

In this work, the Dyson's equation formalism is outlined and applied toseveral open quantum systems. These systems are composed of a core,quantum-mechanical set of discrete states and several continua, representing macroscopic systems. The macroscopic systems introducedecoherence, as well as allowing the total particlenumber in the system to change.Dyson's equation, an expansion in terms of proper self-energy terms, isderived. The hybridization of two quantum levelsis reproduced in this formalism, and it is shown that decoherence followsnaturally when one of the levels is replaced by a continuum.The work considers three physical systems in detail. The first,quantum dots coupled in series with two leads, is presented in a realistic two-level model. Dyson's equation is used to account for the leads exactly to all ordersin perturbation theory, and the time dynamics of a single electron in the dotsis calculated. It is shown that decoherence from the leads damps the coherentRabi oscillations of the electron. Several regimes of physical interest areconsidered, and it is shown that the difference in couplings of the two leadsplays a central role in the decoherence processes.The second system relates to the decay-out ofsuperdeformed nuclei. In this case, decoherence is provided by coupling to theelectromagnetic field. Two, three, and infinite-level models are consideredwithin the discrete system. It is shown that the two-level model is usuallysufficient to describe decay-out for the classic regions of nuclearsuperdeformation. Furthermore, a statistical model for the normal-deformedstates allows extraction of parameters of interest to nuclear structure fromthe two-level model. An explanation for the universality of decayprofiles is also given in that model.The final system is a proposed small molecular transistor. TheQuantum Interference Effect Transistor is based on a single monocyclic aromatic annulene molecule, with twoleads arranged in the meta configuration. This device is shown to be completely opaque to charge carriers, due to destructive interference. Thiscoherence effect can be tunably broken by introducing new paths with a real orimaginary self-energy, and an excellentmolecular transistor is the result.

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