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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Interpreta??o de dados de GPR com base na hierarquiza??o de superf?cies limitantes e na adapta??o de crit?rios sismoestratigr?ficos

Andrade, Peryclys Raynyere de Oliveira 17 June 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PeryclysROA_Cap1.pdf: 1534050 bytes, checksum: 88145cdf2e8bbe54b546fb696fea947a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-17 / Due to its high resolution, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been used to image subsurface sedimentary deposits. Because GPR and Seismic methods share some principles of image construction, the classic seismostratigraphic interpretation method has been also applied as an attempt to interpret GPR data. Nonetheless some advances in few particular contexts, the adaptations from seismic to GPR of seismostratigraphic tools and concepts unsuitable because the meaning given to the termination criteria in seismic stratigraphy do not represent the adequate geologic record in the GPR scale. Essentially, the open question relies in proposing a interpretation method for GPR data which allow not only relating product and sedimentary process in the GPR scale but also identifying or proposing depositional environments and correlating these results with the well known Sequence Stratigraphy cornerstones. The goal of this dissertation is to propose an interpretation methodology of GPR data able to perform this task at least for siliciclastic deposits. In order to do so, the proposed GPR interpretation method is based both on seismostratigraphic concepts and on the bounding surface hierarchy tool from Miall (1988). As consequence of this joint use, the results of GPR interpretation can be associated to the sedimentary facies in a genetic context, so that it is possible to: (i) individualize radar facies and correlate them to the sedimentary facies by using depositional models; (ii) characterize a given depositional system, and (iii) determine its stratigraphic framework highligthing how it evolved through geologic time. To illustrate its use the proposed methodology was applied in a GPR data set from Galos area which is part of the Galinhos spit, located in Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeastern Brazil. This spit presents high lateral sedimentary facies variation, containing in its sedimentary record from 4th to 6th cicles caused by high frequency sea level oscillation. The interpretation process was done throughout the following phases: (i) identification of a vertical facies succession, (ii) characterization of radar facies and its associated sedimentary products, (iii) recognition of the associated sedimentary process in a genetic context, and finally (iv) proposal of an evolutionay model for the Galinhos spit. This model proposes that the Galinhos spit is a barrier island constituted, from base to top, of the following sedimentary facies: tidal channel facies, tidal flat facies, shore facies, and aeolic facies (dunes). The tidal channel facies, in the base, is constituted of lateral accretion bars and filling deposits of the channels. The base facies is laterally truncated by the tidal flat facies. In the foreshore zone, the tidal flat facies is covered by the shore facies which is the register of a sea transgression. Finally, on the top of the stratigraphic column, aeolic dunes are deposited due to areal exposition caused by a sea regression / O Radar Penetrante no Solo (Ground Penetrating Radar GPR) tem sido utilizado para mapear em detalhe dep?sitos sedimentares, devido ? sua alta resolu??o. Pelo fato de que os m?todos GPR e S?smico t?m princ?pios de forma??o de imagens muito semelhantes, o modelo cl?ssico de interpreta??o s?smica, baseado na sismoestratigrafia, tem sido tentativamente utilizado para interpretar dados de GPR. N?o obstante os grandes avan?os j? realizados em contextos particulares, as adapta??es propostas das ferramentas e conceitos da sismoestratigrafia, para o GPR, ainda s?o inadequadas; isto acontece basicamente porque as interpreta??es atribu?das aos padr?es de termina??o, extra?dos da sismoestratigrafia convencional, n?o representam o registro geol?gico na escala de opera??o do GPR. O problema conceitual reside, pois, em propor um m?todo de interpreta??o que permita n?o s? relacionar produto e processo sedimentar, na escala do GPR, mas tamb?m identificar ou propor ambientes deposicionais e correlacionar estes resultados com os blocos construtores da Estratigrafia de Seq??ncias. O objetivo desse trabalho ? propor uma metodologia de interpreta??o de dados de GPR capaz de realizar esta tarefa, pelo menos no contexto de dep?sitos silicicl?sticos. Para este fim, prop?e-se uma interpreta??o de dados de GPR, baseada na adapta??o de termos e conceitos herdados da sismoestratigrafia, em conjunto com uma metodologia de hierarquiza??o de superf?cies limitantes (bounding surfaces), a exemplo da metodologia proposta por Miall (1988). Como conseq??ncia direta desta combina??o, a interpreta??o dos dados de GPR pode ser associada ?s f?cies sedimentares, dentro de um contexto gen?tico, possibilitando assim: (i) individualizar as radarf?cies e correlacion?-las ?s f?cies sedimentares, com base em modelos de f?cies sedimentares; (ii) caracterizar um determinado sistema deposicional e, principalmente, (iii) determinar seu arcabou?o estratigr?fico, mostrando como ele evoluiu no tempo geol?gico. Para exemplificar a utiliza??o desta metodologia de interpreta??o foram utilizados os dados de GPR adquiridos na ?rea de Galos, que faz parte do spit de Galinhos, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Este spit apresenta grande variedade lateral de f?cies sedimentares e cont?m registros sedimentares que s?o sens?veis ?s varia??es de freq??ncia mais alta do n?vel relativo do mar (ciclos de 4? a 6? ordens). O processo de interpreta??o constou das seguintes fases: (i) estabelecimento de uma sucess?o vertical de f?cies, (ii) caracteriza??o dos produtos sedimentares (radarf?cies), (ii) atribui??o de processos sedimentares dentro de um cunho gen?tico, e finalmente (iv) estabelecimento de um modelo evolutivo para o spit de Galinhos. O modelo prop?e que este spit constitui um sistema do tipo Ilhas Barreiras que ? materializado, da base para o topo, por f?cies de estreito de mar? (tidal inlet), f?cies de plan?cie de mar?, f?cies de praia e f?cies e?lica (dunas). A f?cies de estreito de mar?, na base, ? representada por barras de acres??o lateral que preencheram os estreitos de mar?. Estes dep?sitos s?o truncados lateralmente pela f?cies de plan?cie de mar?. Na zona de intermar? antiga, a f?cies de intermar? encontra-se sobreposta pela f?cies de praia, marcando assim um avan?o relativo da linha de costa. Por fim, no topo da coluna estratigr?fica, est?o depositadas dunas e?licas, denotando o recuo da linha de costa e conseq?ente exposi??o a?rea
2

Proposta metodol?gica para o imageamento, caracteriza??o, parametriza??o e gera??o de modelos virtuais de afloramentos

Souza, Anderson de Medeiros 31 January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T19:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonMS_TESE_inicio_pag69.pdf: 4445825 bytes, checksum: 1053632581a0015bab09d4146df22458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The aim of this work was to describe the methodological procedures that were mandatory to develop a 3D digital imaging of the external and internal geometry of the analogue outcrops from reservoirs and to build a Virtual Outcrop Model (VOM). The imaging process of the external geometry was acquired by using the Laser Scanner, the Geodesic GPS and the Total Station procedures. On the other hand, the imaging of the internal geometry was evaluated by GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar).The produced VOMs were adapted with much more detailed data with addition of the geological data and the gamma ray and permeability profiles. As a model for the use of the methodological procedures used on this work, the adapted VOM, two outcrops, located at the east part of the Parnaiba Basin, were selected. On the first one, rocks from the aeolian deposit of the Piaui Formation (Neo-carboniferous) and tidal flat deposits from the Pedra de Fogo Formation (Permian), which arises in a large outcrops located between Floriano and Teresina (Piau?), are present. The second area, located at the National Park of Sete Cidades, also at the Piau?, presents rocks from the Cabe?as Formation deposited in fluvial-deltaic systems during the Late Devonian. From the data of the adapted VOMs it was possible to identify lines, surfaces and 3D geometry, and therefore, quantify the geometry of interest. Among the found parameterization values, a table containing the thickness and width, obtained in canal and lobes deposits at the outcrop Pared?o and Biblioteca were the more relevant ones. In fact, this table can be used as an input for stochastic simulation of reservoirs. An example of the direct use of such table and their predicted radargrams was the identification of the bounding surface at the aeolian sites from the Piau? Formation. In spite of such radargrams supply only bi-dimensional data, the acquired lines followed of a mesh profile were used to add a third dimension to the imaging of the internal geometry. This phenomenon appears to be valid for all studied outcrops. As a conclusion, the tool here presented can became a new methodology in which the advantages of the digital imaging acquired from the Laser Scanner (precision, accuracy and speed of acquisition) were combined with the Total Station procedure (precision) using the classical digital photomosaic technique / Neste trabalho s?o apresentados os procedimentos metodol?gicos necess?rios para realizar o imageamento digital 3D da geometria externa e interna de afloramentos an?logos a reservat?rios, e elaborar seus Modelos Virtuais de Afloramentos (MVA). Para imagear a geometria externa foram utilizados o Laser Scanner, o GPS Geod?sico e a Esta??o Total, enquanto que para imagear a geometria interna foi utilizado o GPR. Nos MVA elaborados foram acrescidas ainda as informa??es geol?gicas e as obtidas nas perfilagens com raios gama e de permeabilidade. Como estudo de caso, para exemplificar os procedimentos metodol?gicos propostos, foram escolhidos dois conjuntos de afloramentos na borda leste da Bacia do Parna?ba. Na primeira ?rea ocorrem rochas de origem e?lica da Forma??o Piau? (Neocarbon?fero) e plan?cie de mar? da Forma??o Pedra de Fogo (Permiano), que afloram em um amplo corte de estrada, situado entre Floriano e Teresina (Piau?). A segunda ?rea, situada no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, tamb?m no Piau?, envolve rochas da Forma??o Cabe?as depositadas em sistemas fl?vio-deltaicos, durante o Neodevoniano. Com os MVA elaborados foi poss?vel identificar, linhas, superf?cies e geometrias 3D e, assim, quantificar as geometrias de interesse. Dentre as parametriza??es mais relevantes, ressaltam-se a tabela com valores de espessura e largura, obtidas em dep?sitos de canais e em lobos, nos afloramentos Pared?o e Biblioteca. Esta tabela pode ser utilizada como entrada (input) para simula??o estoc?stica de reservat?rios. Um exemplo da aplica??o direta dos radargramas interpretados foi a identifica??o de superf?cies limitantes, em dep?sitos e?licos, da Forma??o Piau?. Apesar dos radargramas oferecerem apenas dados bidimensionais, a aquisi??o de linhas distribu?das segundo uma malha acrescentou a terceira dimens?o ao imageamento das geometrias internas em todos os afloramentos estudados. ? ainda proposta uma nova metodologia que busca conciliar as vantagens obtidas com o imageamento digital com Laser Scanner (precis?o, acur?cia e velocidade de aquisi??o) e a Esta??o Total (precis?o), com o uso cl?ssico de fotomosaicos digitais

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