Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Objective. To compare dietary supplement use between student pharmacists and the general population, and assess knowledge, attitudes toward use, and dietary supplement effectiveness; and to explore how student pharmacists view their education on dietary supplements. Methods. Paper questionnaires administered to student pharmacists collected data about their use, knowledge, and attitudes of dietary supplements. Use was compared to the 2007 National Health Interview survey findings. Results. Of 179 students who responded, 52% had used at least one dietary supplement in their lifetime versus 25% in the general population. Students perceived supplement label information as unhelpful, research into supplements inadequate, and supplements non-essential to health. Students thought supplement knowledge was important but their education was inadequate. Conclusion. Dietary supplement use was higher in this sample of student pharmacists than the general population. Student pharmacists had limited knowledge and need more education on dietary supplements.

Background: Since the invention of Gatorade, the sports nutrition market has expanded rapidly. While the market has expanded, a way to catalogue these sports nutrition supplements (SNSs) has not followed. This lack of centralized information creates a problem for dietitians and other health professionals who need to make informed recommendations for their clients using SNSs. Objective: The objective of this project is to assess the need for a SNS formulary and develop a formulary based on need. Method: The need for the formulary was assessed by creating and distributing a survey to dietitians and other health professionals who subscribe to the Nutrition Care Manual or Sports Nutrition Care Manual (SNCM). After the responses were collected, supplement categories and product manufacturers were identified for inclusion. Data collection began by visiting manufacturers' web pages and recording nutrition information into a standardized form provided by the web developers at the SNCM. These completed forms were then sent to the Online Publishing Manager at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. This information was then published into a formulary accessible through the SNCM. Results: The survey yielded 111 respondents. The respondents indicated a personal (71%) and client (64%) need for a sports nutrition formulary. The respondents also indicated that they are very likely (51%) or somewhat likely (40%) to use a sports nutrition formulary if it were created. Based on these responses, a formulary was created and published through the SNCM. Conclusion: Version 1.0 of the Sports Nutrition Formulary was published to the SNCM on April 15th, 2013. This formulary offers the ability for dietitians and other health professionals to make the most informed, up to date decision regarding the best SNS for their client.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-219).

No description available.

3 pp. / The number and variety of available herbal medicines have exploded since the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. This article provides information and practical tips that help in understand what?›????s available and help sort through the dizzying array of products.

No description available.

The bifidobacteria are among the microbial genera normally found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs and other mammals. They are claimed to beneficially influence the health of the host by protecting against intestinal infections and have therefore been advocated and used as probiotics in man and animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bifidobacteria of the pig gut with a view to selecting strains suitable for probiosis. Bifidobacteria were isolated from the faeces of pigs by quantifying fermentation end-products and by assaying for the unique bifidobacterial enzyme fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase. Species identification was achieved by analysis of carbohydrate utilisation ability and isozyme mobility on polyacrylamide gels. A number of bifidobacteria of indeterminate species were found. Bifidobacterial isolates were further characterised to identify their resistance to heat and bile salts and sensitivity to oxygen. Certain indigestible carbohydrates have been proposed to selectively stimulate bifidobacteria in the hindgut when fed to animals. A range of these carbohydrates were screened for ability to support growth of the isolates in vitro using a microtitre plate assay. Bifidobacteria were screened for antagonistic activity against a number of intestinal pathogens and other bacteria likely to compete for the same ecological niche. A number of inhibitory strains were found. The inhibitory effect was due solely to the acidic end-products of bifidobacterial fermentation. A mixed flora fermenter simulation of the porcine ileum was used to study the effect of bifidobacterial and fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation on the survival of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain. Although the supplementation did not increase the rate of disappearance of the E. coli strain from the fermenter contents, an increase in acid production by the fermenter contents was noted. This may represent an advantageous consequence of bifidobacterial fermentation in vivo.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Barry J. Bradford / The ability of nutritional supplements to generate responses in productive animals at different physiological stages, and their interaction with the particular gastrointestinal tract of ruminants have created the necessity to explore effects beyond productivity. Modulation of immune function and inflammatory processes, modifications of nutrient metabolism, and interactions with the ruminal microbial population are effects attributed to supplements that encouraged the formulation of the set of experiments described in this dissertation. The first experiment was designed to test the effects of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids supplemented in milk replacer for Holstein calves during the pre-weaning period on the immune system, lipid and glucose metabolism, and growth performance when animals underwent a vaccination protocol. Neither supplemental fatty acid source affected productivity, cytokine production, antibody production, or CD4 and CD8 cell proliferation. A treatment effect on glucose and NEFA plasma concentration was observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly DHA, lowered glucose and NEFA levels compared to control; moreover, a dose effect was observed indicating that increasing amounts of PUFA decreased plasma glucose level. The second experiment tested the effects of Co carbonate (CoCarb) and Co glucoheptonate (CoGH) at different concentrations of Co on in vitro fermentation rate, fermentation end-products, and DM and NDF disappearance. Dry matter and NDF disappearance increased with CoGH relative to CoCarb at 1.0 ppm Co or less. CoCarb at > 3.0 ppm appeared to stimulate the biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids whereas CoGH had limited effects on this process. Finally, the third study evaluated responses to chromium propionate during peak lactation and interactions between chromium and rumen-protected lysine and methionine. Chromium propionate increased feed intake and tended to increase energy-corrected milk yield. Primiparous cows showed greater responses in feed intake and milk protein yield than multiparous cows. In this study, feeding chromium propionate near peak lactation increased feed intake and tended to increase productivity but no benefits of supplementing rumen-protected lysine and methionine were observed. Overall, nutritional supplements helped to regulate different biological functions in ruminants; their utilization is not always is feasible, but the results of these experiments provide guidance about effectiveness during different physiological situations.