Swallow, Egg, Chrysanthemum is a sixteen minute work for piano and orchestra. The title refers to symbols from Greek, Western and Asian cultures, with all of the symbols being associated with life, death, or resurrection. Over the course of the piece the interaction of the piano with the orchestra creates a metaphor for the journey of the human soul through the three states of existence. Each of the three contiguous movements carries the name of one of the symbols, whose physical aspects influence the internal form of the movement. In recognition of the conflict between an acceptance of life and death, and a belief in life, death and resurrection, the work contains coexisting two- and three- part forms. At the temporal level, “Swallow” is balanced by “Egg” and “Chrysanthemum”, and this balance is aided by a blurring of the boundary between the last two movements. The musical language of the work is based in part on the use of cyclical, diminishing permutations of pitch collections, which are themselves derived from a master pitch group. The permutations reduce the number of pitches in each collection, creating an apparent “zeroing in” on a single pitch or “tonic goal”. As a result, moving backwards or forwards through the reductive process can increase or decrease the musical tension of a particular passage, by altering the number of pitches present. Twelve harmonic areas are created using this technique, and over the course of the work each of them is touched upon, with certain ones being of greater importance. Foreshadowing has been used in the form of the work as a unifying device and is present at the micro and macro levels. The form of the Introduction can be mapped onto the first two movements, and onto the piece as a whole. In the last movement a process of postshadowing occurs, whereby earlier material is reinterpreted and transformed in a summation of the work.

Understanding how environmental variation affects fitness and population dynamics is a central goal in modern population biology. Using a multilevel path model, I simultaneously examined the effects of food and temperature on multiple stages of the breeding cycle, and their relative contribution to annual variation in reproductive success in two tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) populations over the same 35 year period. In one population where food abundance peaked during the laying and incubation portion of the breeding season, the primary driver of annual reproductive success was laying period food abundance, which directly influenced clutch size and the proportion of eggs hatched. In the second population, food was relatively low during the first half of the breeding season, and the primary driver of annual reproductive success was temperature during the nestling period, which directly influenced nestling survival. My results show that understanding the factors that influence reproductive performance requires linking environmental variables to reproductive events throughout the entire breeding period and clearly demonstrate how climate change can have opposite effects on two populations less than 35 km apart

No description available.

Swallowing is a neurologically centrally driven event; however, a variety of sensory factors (e.g., bolus volume) have been shown to influence swallow-related events (e.g., swallow apnea duration). External factors (e.g., proprioception) have been previously shown to influence preparatory swallow movements (e.g., mouth opening). Yet, it is not known whether these external factors may influence the more automatic components of swallowing. This study was designed to determine whether proprioception influences the onset of swallow apnea. Participants (N = 14, Mage = 25.71 years) were presented with bites/sips of applesauce and water during self and assisted feeding conditions. Results indicated that proprioception had no impact on the timing of swallow apnea onset, supporting that swallow apnea is a centrally driven event. By gaining a better understanding of the physiological impact assisted feeding has on individuals, we can best serve individuals who rely on feeding assistance and optimize swallow safety across all populations.

Swallow, Egg, Chrysanthemum is a sixteen minute work for piano and orchestra. The title refers to symbols from Greek, Western and Asian cultures, with all of the symbols being associated with life, death, or resurrection. Over the course of the piece the interaction of the piano with the orchestra creates a metaphor for the journey of the human soul through the three states of existence. Each of the three contiguous movements carries the name of one of the symbols, whose physical aspects influence the internal form of the movement. In recognition of the conflict between an acceptance of life and death, and a belief in life, death and resurrection, the work contains coexisting two- and three- part forms. At the temporal level, “Swallow” is balanced by “Egg” and “Chrysanthemum”, and this balance is aided by a blurring of the boundary between the last two movements. The musical language of the work is based in part on the use of cyclical, diminishing permutations of pitch collections, which are themselves derived from a master pitch group. The permutations reduce the number of pitches in each collection, creating an apparent “zeroing in” on a single pitch or “tonic goal”. As a result, moving backwards or forwards through the reductive process can increase or decrease the musical tension of a particular passage, by altering the number of pitches present. Twelve harmonic areas are created using this technique, and over the course of the work each of them is touched upon, with certain ones being of greater importance. Foreshadowing has been used in the form of the work as a unifying device and is present at the micro and macro levels. The form of the Introduction can be mapped onto the first two movements, and onto the piece as a whole. In the last movement a process of postshadowing occurs, whereby earlier material is reinterpreted and transformed in a summation of the work. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

Yes / In this study, the evolution process of the swallow-tailed flip bucket water nappe entering into the plunge pool is simulated by using the standard 𝑘-𝜀 turbulence model and the volume of fluid method. The effects of the upstream opening width ratio and downstream bucket angle on the flow pattern, the unit discharge distribution and the impact pressure distribution are studied. Based on the numerical results, the inner and outer jet trajectories are proposed by using the data. Results show that the longitudinal stretching length decreases with the increase of the upstream opening width ratio, and increases with the increase of the downstream bucket angle. The water nappe enters the plunge pool in a long strip shape. Thus, the unit discharge distribution of water nappe entry is consistent with the pressure distribution at the plunge pool bottom. The upstream opening width ratio and downstream bucket angle should be chosen as their intermediate values in order to have a uniform discharge distribution and to reduce the pressure peak at the plunge pool floor, which is effectively to avoid instability and destruction of plunge pool floor. / National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 51625901) and National Nature Science Foundation of China (No: 51579165).

O refluxo gastro-esofágico é considerado fator responsável pela dificuldade alimentar na infância. A ocorrência de experiências negativas como vômitos, regurgitações, muitas vezes associadas a engasgos, esofagite, disfagia, odinofagia, pirose e dor retroesternal geram comportamentos de aversão ou recusa alimentar e desorganizam o processo de deglutição e alimentação. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a deglutição em crianças com diagnóstico clínico de refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE). Foram selecionadas 37 crianças, com diagnóstico clínico de refluxo gastro-esofágico e refluxo gastro-esofágico associado a queixas de dificuldades alimentares, com idades variando de 7 meses a 3 anos e 1 mês, idade média de 15,35 meses, sendo 25 (67,6%) do gênero masculino e 12 (32,4%) do gênero feminino. Participaram do grupo controle 15 crianças, saudáveis (estado geral e nutricional), que foram cuidadosamente triadas para assegurar adequado desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e ausência de sintomas de refluxo gastro-esofágico e problemas respiratórios de repetição, na faixa etária de 6 meses a 3 anos e 2 meses, idade média de 20,5 meses; 9 (60,0%) do gênero feminino e 6 (40,0%) do gênero masculino. Para a avaliação funcional da deglutição foram utilizadas dietas de consistências líquida, pastosa e sólida em volume inicialmente de 5 ml e após em volume livre, habitualmente utilizado pela criança. Na avaliação videofluoroscópica, utilizou-se das dietas de consistências líquida e pastosa, em volume livre para o leite e 5 ml para a dieta pastosa, adicionadas ao contraste de bário. As crianças com refluxo gastro-esofágico apresentaram alterações na avaliação clínica com ingestão menos freqüente de consistência sólida, presença de náusea, recusa alimentar, engasgos e irritabilidade alimentar. Na avaliação objetiva para o alimento de consistência líquida houve penetração laríngea e movimento compensatório de cabeça em extensão, sendo este último também observado para o alimento de consistência pastosa. Entretanto, não houve diferença entre os tempos das fases da deglutição. O estudo permitiu concluir que crianças com RGE apresentam dificuldades relacionadas à aceitação alimentar, porém os tempos da dinâmica orofaríngea da deglutição não se alteram. / Gastroesophageal reflux is considered cause of infants feeding disorder. Negative experience such as vomiting, regurgitation; several times may be associated to choking, dysphagia and painfull swallowing produce aversion or feed refusal and causes a break up in the swallowing and feeding processes. This study evaluated the swallowing process in children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), confirmed clinically and radiographically. We selected 37 children, with GER and GER complaints of feeding disorders, ages range from 7 months to 37 months, mean age of 15,4 months, consisted 25 males (67,6%) and 12 females (32,4%). The control group (GC) consisted of 15 healthy children (general and nourishing states), carefully chosen for not having any symptoms of GER, repetitive breathing disorders or developmental delays. The ages varied form 6 to 38 months, with mean age of 20,5 months, being 6 males (40%) and 9 females (60%). Swallowing evaluation (functional) considered three diets consistency: liquid, semi-solid and solid, beginning with 5 ml followed by free volume taken habitually by children. Free volume of milk and 5 ml of semi-solid, mixed with barium, were used during the videofluoroscopy. Children with GER presented alteration in clinical evaluations on 64,9% (n=24) and the control group on 13,3% (n=2), swallowing less diet solid diet, presents nausea, feeding refusal, choking and irritation. Videofluoroscopy evaluation for liquids, showed laryngeal penetration on 61,8 % (n =21) , GC 33,3% (n=5), and backward compensatory movement in 64,7% (n=22) e GC 0%, it was similar for the semi-solid diet 41,2% (n=14) e GC (n=0). There was no difference in time of the swallowing phases. This study shows that children with GER present difficulties to accepting feeding although no alteration on the oropharyngeal dynamics timing of swallowing was founded.

O refluxo gastro-esofágico é considerado fator responsável pela dificuldade alimentar na infância. A ocorrência de experiências negativas como vômitos, regurgitações, muitas vezes associadas a engasgos, esofagite, disfagia, odinofagia, pirose e dor retroesternal geram comportamentos de aversão ou recusa alimentar e desorganizam o processo de deglutição e alimentação. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a deglutição em crianças com diagnóstico clínico de refluxo gastroesofágico (RGE). Foram selecionadas 37 crianças, com diagnóstico clínico de refluxo gastro-esofágico e refluxo gastro-esofágico associado a queixas de dificuldades alimentares, com idades variando de 7 meses a 3 anos e 1 mês, idade média de 15,35 meses, sendo 25 (67,6%) do gênero masculino e 12 (32,4%) do gênero feminino. Participaram do grupo controle 15 crianças, saudáveis (estado geral e nutricional), que foram cuidadosamente triadas para assegurar adequado desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e ausência de sintomas de refluxo gastro-esofágico e problemas respiratórios de repetição, na faixa etária de 6 meses a 3 anos e 2 meses, idade média de 20,5 meses; 9 (60,0%) do gênero feminino e 6 (40,0%) do gênero masculino. Para a avaliação funcional da deglutição foram utilizadas dietas de consistências líquida, pastosa e sólida em volume inicialmente de 5 ml e após em volume livre, habitualmente utilizado pela criança. Na avaliação videofluoroscópica, utilizou-se das dietas de consistências líquida e pastosa, em volume livre para o leite e 5 ml para a dieta pastosa, adicionadas ao contraste de bário. As crianças com refluxo gastro-esofágico apresentaram alterações na avaliação clínica com ingestão menos freqüente de consistência sólida, presença de náusea, recusa alimentar, engasgos e irritabilidade alimentar. Na avaliação objetiva para o alimento de consistência líquida houve penetração laríngea e movimento compensatório de cabeça em extensão, sendo este último também observado para o alimento de consistência pastosa. Entretanto, não houve diferença entre os tempos das fases da deglutição. O estudo permitiu concluir que crianças com RGE apresentam dificuldades relacionadas à aceitação alimentar, porém os tempos da dinâmica orofaríngea da deglutição não se alteram. / Gastroesophageal reflux is considered cause of infants feeding disorder. Negative experience such as vomiting, regurgitation; several times may be associated to choking, dysphagia and painfull swallowing produce aversion or feed refusal and causes a break up in the swallowing and feeding processes. This study evaluated the swallowing process in children with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), confirmed clinically and radiographically. We selected 37 children, with GER and GER complaints of feeding disorders, ages range from 7 months to 37 months, mean age of 15,4 months, consisted 25 males (67,6%) and 12 females (32,4%). The control group (GC) consisted of 15 healthy children (general and nourishing states), carefully chosen for not having any symptoms of GER, repetitive breathing disorders or developmental delays. The ages varied form 6 to 38 months, with mean age of 20,5 months, being 6 males (40%) and 9 females (60%). Swallowing evaluation (functional) considered three diets consistency: liquid, semi-solid and solid, beginning with 5 ml followed by free volume taken habitually by children. Free volume of milk and 5 ml of semi-solid, mixed with barium, were used during the videofluoroscopy. Children with GER presented alteration in clinical evaluations on 64,9% (n=24) and the control group on 13,3% (n=2), swallowing less diet solid diet, presents nausea, feeding refusal, choking and irritation. Videofluoroscopy evaluation for liquids, showed laryngeal penetration on 61,8 % (n =21) , GC 33,3% (n=5), and backward compensatory movement in 64,7% (n=22) e GC 0%, it was similar for the semi-solid diet 41,2% (n=14) e GC (n=0). There was no difference in time of the swallowing phases. This study shows that children with GER present difficulties to accepting feeding although no alteration on the oropharyngeal dynamics timing of swallowing was founded.

Die chirurgische und strahlentherapeutische Behandlung oropharyngealer Tumoren führt häufig zu einer Beeinträchtigung des Schluckens und Sprechens. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung des Schweregrades der Schluck- und Sprechprobleme bei Patienten, die wegen Tumoren der Regio tonsillaris nach unterschiedlichen Operationsmethoden behandelt wurden. 54 Patienten mit oropharyngealen Tumoren (unterteilt nach den Operationsmethoden: A: Tumortonsillektomie; B: Oropharynxteilresektion mit primärem Wundverschluß; C: Oro-pharynxteilresektion mit plastischer Rekonstruktion) wurden mittels Befragung, mit einem standarisierten Fragebogen, einem kompletten HNO-Status inklusive transnasaler Endo-skopie, mit drei unterschiedlichen Sprachverständlichkeitstests und einer Röntgenkine-matographie untersucht. Die besten funktionellen Resultate (sowohl der Schluck- als auch der Sprechfunktion) zeigten sich in Gruppe A, während sich in den Gruppen B und C deutlich schlechtere Ergebnisse fanden. Zwischen den Gruppen B und C ließen sich nur geringe Unterschiede feststellen. Die statistische Analyse konnte eine positive Korrelation der Ergebnisse innerhalb der Sprach-verständlichkeitstests sowie der drei Tests untereinander nachweisen. Die Arbeit zeigt, daß durch Oropharynxteilresektionen mit primärem Wundverschluß und mit plastischer Rekonstruktion annähernd gleichwertige Resultate erzielt werden, obwohl der operationsbedingte Gewebedefekt vor plastischer Rekonstruktion deutlich größer ist. Diese Ergebnisse widersprechen einigen Literaturangaben, die schlechtere funktionelle Ergebnisse nach plastischer Rekonstruktion beschreiben. Die Arbeit zeigt außerdem, daß sich die drei verwendeten Sprachverständlichkeitstests für die Untersuchung der beeinträchtigten Sprech-funktion nach operativer Behandlung oropharyngealer Tumoren eignen. / The surgical and radiotherapeutical treatment of oropharyngeal tumors often results in swallowing and speech malfunction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the severity of swallowing and speech malfunction in patients with tumors of the tonsillar region, which were treated by different surgical strategies. 54 Patients with oropharyngeal tumors (seperated according to the surgical strategy: A: radical tonsillectomy; B: partial oropharyngectomy and primary closure; C: partial oropharyngectomy and plastic reconstruction) were investigated by interrogation, a standardized questionaire, a full otorhinolaryngological examination including transnasal endoscopy, three different speech tests and a radiographic swallow examination. The best functional results (regarding swallow- as well as speech function) were found in group A. The functional results in group B and C were distinctly worse, but only minimal differences could be found between these two groups. Statistical analysis confirmed a positive correlation of the results of the three speech tests and beetween the three speech tests. The study shows very similar functional results after partial oropharyngectomy with primary closure and partial oropharyngectomy with plastic reconstruction, although the tissue defect before plastic reconstruction was distinctly greater. These results differ from some results in the literature, which describe worse functional results after plastic reconstruction. The study also shows the usability of the three speech tests to assess variant degrees of speech malfunction after surgical and radiotherapeutical treatment of oropharyngeal tumors.

No description available.