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Proper modelling of the gravitational fields of irregularly shaped asteroids and comets is an essential yet challenging part of any spacecraft visit and flyby to these bodies. Accurate density representations provide crucial information for proximity missions, which rely heavily on it to design safe and efficient trajectories. This work explores using a spacecraft swarm to maximise the measured gravitational signal in a hypothetical mission around the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Spacecraft trajectories are simultaneously computed and evaluated using a high-order numerical integrator and an evolutionary optimisation method to maximise overall signal return. The propagation is based on an open-source polyhedral gravity model using a detailed mesh of 67P/C-G and considers the comet’s sidereal rotation. We compare performance on various mission scenarios using one and four spacecraft. The results show that the swarm achieved an expected increase in coverage over a single spacecraft when considering a fixed mission duration. However, optimising for a single spacecraft results in a more effective trajectory. The impact of dimensionality is further studied by introducing an iterative local search strategy, resulting in a generally improved robustness for finding efficient solutions. Overall, this work serves as a testbed for designing a set of trajectories in particularly complex gravitational environments, balancing measured signals and risks in a swarm scenario. / En korrekt modellering av de gravitationsfält som uppstår runt irreguljärt formade asteroider och kometer är en avgörande och utmanande del för alla uppdrag till likartade himlakroppar. Exakta densitetsrepresentationer tillhandahåller viktig information för att säkerställa säkra och effektiva rutter för särsilt närgående rymdfarkoster. I denna studie utforskar vi användningen av en svärm av rymdfarkoster för att maximera den uppmätta gravitationssignalen i ett hypotetisk uppdrag runt kometen 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Rymdfarkosternas banor beräknas och utvärderas i parallella scheman med hjälp av en högre ordningens numerisk integration och en evolutionär optimeringsmetod i syfte att maximera den totala uppmätta signalen. Beräkningarna baseras på en öppen källkod för en polyhedral gravitationsmodell som använder ett detaljerat rutnät av triangulära polygoner för att representera 67P/C-G och beaktar kometens egna rotation. Vi jämför sedan prestanden för olika uppdragscenarier med en respektive fyra rymdfarkoster. Resultaten visar att svärmen uppnådde en förväntad ökning i täckning jämfört med en enskild rymdfarkost under en fast uppdragsvaraktighet. Dock resulterar optimering för en enskild rymdfarkost i en mer effektiv bana. Påverkan av dimensionshöjningen hos oberoende variabler studeras vidare genom att introducera en iterativ lokal sökstrategi, vilket resulterar i en generellt förbättrad robusthet samt effektivare lösningar. Sammantaget fungerar detta arbete som en testbädd för att studera och utforma rymdfarkosters banor i särskilt komplexa gravitationsmiljöer, samt för att balansera uppmätta signaler och risker i ett svärmscenario.

The Master Thesis deals with logistic module innovation of information system ERP. The principle of innovation is based on implementation of heuristic algorithms which solve Travel Salesman Problems (TSP). The software MATLAB is used for analysis and tests of these algorithms. The goal of Master Thesis is the comparison of selections algorithm, which are suitable for economic purposes (accuracy of solution, speed of calculation and memory demands).

In my doctoral thesis I have investigated earthquake swarms from two com- pletely different tectonic areas, West Bohemia/Vogtland and Southwest Iceland, with the aim of gaining a deeper insight into the nature of earthquake swarms in diverse tectonic environments. I analysed swarm-like activities from West Bo- hemia and Southwest Iceland from the perspective of statistical characteristics (magnitude-frequency distribution, interevent time distribution), seismic moment release, and space-time distribution of events. I found that the ratio of small to large events and the event rates are similar for all the activities in both areas, while the rate of the seismic moment release is significantly higher for the South- west Icelandic swarms. Seismic moment released step by step is characterised for the West Bohemia swarms, whereas seismic moment released in one dominant short-term phase is typical of Southwest Icelandic earthquake swarms. All the West Bohemian swarms took place in a bounded focal zone Nový Kostel that is fairly complex, consisting of several fault segments. The Southwest Icelandic swarms are distributed at much larger area along the Mid Atlantic Ridge up to its branching in the Hengill triple junction, the individual swarms clearly reflect a tectonic structure of respective focal areas. I have...