Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2010. / Lolu lucwaningo loluphatselene nekuvetwa kwesibekandzaba etindzabeni Ta - J.J Ncongwane. Luhleleke ngetehluko letisihlanu Sehluko sekucala: Setfulo selucwaningo Lesehluko siphatselene netinhloso nemkhawulo welucwaningo, tindlela telucwaningo, kuchazwa kwemagama nekutfutfuka kwetindzaba letimfisha tesiSwati. Sehluko sesibil: Indzawo Kulesehluko kwetfulwa indzawo yasemakhaya yasemadolobheni, lesuselwa enhloko,levetwe esihlokweni nalevetwe esingenisweni. Sehluko sesitsatfu: Sikhatsi Kulesehluko kwetfulwa tikhatsi temnyaka, tikhatsi telusuku nemalanga eliviki. Sehluko sesine: Simonhlalo Kulesehluko kuvetwa simonhlalo lesifana nenjabulo, lusizi,buchawe, bucili,kuvana, butsa,kubeketela nekucasuka. Sehluko sesihlanu: Siphetfo Lesehluko siphatselene nesiphetfo ngendzawo,ngesikhatsi, ngesimonhlalo kanye netincomo.

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2005. / Lomsebenti ucwaninga ngekubaluleka kwetangoma nemisebenti yato ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati. Kulapho kuvela khona kutsi buyini bungoma tutsi bubaluleke ngani emphilweni yesive ngekwemisebenti nangekwelulwimi. Sehlukosekucala setfula tinhloso telucwaningo, indzima noma umkhawulo welucwaningo, tindlela tekucwaninga letiluhlolomibuto (interview) nekufundvwa kwetincwadzi. Imigudvu yelucwaningo i1andzela indlela yemisebenti (Functional approach) nendlela yeluchumano (Communicative approach). Kulapho kuchazwe khona lokushiwo ngemagama lasisekelo salolucwaningo latana nalawa: sangoma, inyanga, lldloti, lugedla, kutfwasa/litfwasa nendumba. 5ehluko sesibili siniketa inchazelo ngalokuphatselene netangoma kusukela ekutfwaseni, timphawu tekutfwasa, kubhoboka kwelidloti, tinhlola, sangoma nebuhlobo, sangoma nemabitongco kanye nemabitomuntfu, sangoma naleminye imikhakha yemphilo, sangoma netinanatelo, sangoma nesitsembu, umtsakatsi, umtembi, sangoma nenhlonipho. Sehluko sesitsatfu setfula tingcikitsi letehlukene tetingoma tetangoma letihlelwe ngalendlela: A. Kufundzisa, kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi. B. Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo. -ivC. Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano. D. lnkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo. E. Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo. Emasu ekwakheka kwetingoma letehlukene acwaningiwe. Sehluko sesine sicwaninga ngetangoma, tihlahla netifo. Kubukwe imitsi leyakhiwe ngetilwane tasendle, ngetilwane tasekhaya, tinyoni netimila letehlukene. Lapha kutsintfwenetinhlobo tetifo letimbalwa letelaphekako nembulalave loseseyinkinga lenkhulu kubelaphi. Sehluko sesihlanu siligcogca Iwalokucwaningiwe. Kulapho kuniketwe tincomo ngekubuka kuhleleka kwelucwaningo, tingoma nelulwimL imitsi nelulwimi kanye netifo nelulwimi. -

This thesis is a comparative study of Pai and Swati. The Pai language is spoken in the easten1 parts of the Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South Africa. The study concentrates on the correspondences and differences of the speech sounds of these two languages and reference is also made to the morphology. The previous comprehensive work on Pai was by Ziervogel (1956) where he classified the Pai language as one of the three dialects of Eastern Sotho. He also considered the Swati elements present in Pai to be merely borrowings. The present investigation into the history of the Pai people indicates that Pai may have had links with languages other than those belonging to the Sotho group and, from the evidence, an Nguni connection has become a distinct possibility. The speech sounds of Pai are described in detail in chapter two and corresponding speech sounds in Swati are included. The vowels of both languages receive special attention because Pai apparently has a seven-vowel system and Swati a five-vowel system. The corresponding consonants in these two languages soon points towards a relationship that is based on more than just borrowed items. In chapter three the Ur-Bantu sounds of Meinhof and their reflexes in Swati and Pai are described and compared. The wide variety of attestations in Pai and the instability of some phonemes are indicative of a language that has been subjected to many outside influences and that is at the moment in a state of flux. In chapter four some aspects of the morphology are described in order to highlight the peculiar characteristics of Pai as an individual language. The relationship with Swati is again emphasized by the findings in this chapter. A statistical analysis of the speech sounds of Pai and Swati in chapter five indicates that an Nguni core of sounds exists that is shared by both these languages. A re-classification of Pai within the language context of that area may therefore be necessary. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

This thesis is a comparative study of Pai and Swati. The Pai language is spoken in the easten1 parts of the Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South Africa. The study concentrates on the correspondences and differences of the speech sounds of these two languages and reference is also made to the morphology. The previous comprehensive work on Pai was by Ziervogel (1956) where he classified the Pai language as one of the three dialects of Eastern Sotho. He also considered the Swati elements present in Pai to be merely borrowings. The present investigation into the history of the Pai people indicates that Pai may have had links with languages other than those belonging to the Sotho group and, from the evidence, an Nguni connection has become a distinct possibility. The speech sounds of Pai are described in detail in chapter two and corresponding speech sounds in Swati are included. The vowels of both languages receive special attention because Pai apparently has a seven-vowel system and Swati a five-vowel system. The corresponding consonants in these two languages soon points towards a relationship that is based on more than just borrowed items. In chapter three the Ur-Bantu sounds of Meinhof and their reflexes in Swati and Pai are described and compared. The wide variety of attestations in Pai and the instability of some phonemes are indicative of a language that has been subjected to many outside influences and that is at the moment in a state of flux. In chapter four some aspects of the morphology are described in order to highlight the peculiar characteristics of Pai as an individual language. The relationship with Swati is again emphasized by the findings in this chapter. A statistical analysis of the speech sounds of Pai and Swati in chapter five indicates that an Nguni core of sounds exists that is shared by both these languages. A re-classification of Pai within the language context of that area may therefore be necessary. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)