CNPQ / O milho doce (Zea mays L.) possui ampla versatilidade, além de agregar valor ao produto. Este tipo de milho vem sendo consumido em diversos países na forma de espiga cozida “in natura”, congelada ou como grãos enlatados. No Brasil, várias agroindústrias fomentam a produção e comercialização do milho doce enlatado em conserva. Dessa forma, seu cultivo vem crescendo gradativamente, atraindo a atenção dos produtores de milho verde. O presente trabalho possui como objetivos: avaliar caracteres agronômicos, a qualidade e a composição química dos grãos de híbridos simples de milho doce apropriados para consumo "in natura" e, também, pela indústria de milho verde em conserva. As sete linhagens foram selecionadas e fornecidas para o cruzamento dialélico pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, sendo obtidos os 21 híbridos simples. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas no campo foram: altura de plantas, altura de inserção das espigas e massa das espigas sem palha (kg ha-1). As avaliações químicas realizadas foram: determinação de açúcares redutores e totais, amido, proteínas, extrato etéreo, fibras e cinzas. Para as análises estatísticas, foi utilizada a análise de variância e na comparação das médias foi utilizado o teste de agrupamento Scott- Knott (1974) com probabilidade mínima de 5%. Para a análise de combinação entre as linhagens genitoras e os híbridos simples obtidos (capacidade geral de combinação – CGC - e capacidade específica de combinação - CEC) foi utilizado o método 4 de Griffing e o modelo fixo (1956). Os resultados médios obtidos indicam que, para a avaliação da altura de plantas e espigas, não houve diferença significativa x (P>0,05), e para a composição química, houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) pelo teste de agrupamento de médias de Scott-Knott (1974) entre os híbridos avaliados. Na análise combinatória, as linhagens de milho doce que se destacaram para os cruzamentos realizados foram as linhagens L4 e L5. Os híbridos L4xL5 e L3xL7 são os mais indicados para produção, quando se objetiva a maior concentração de açúcares e menor teor de amido na composição. / Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) possesses wide versatility, besides adding value to the product. This corn type has been consumed ‘in natura’ in several countries, in form of cooked ears, or in frozen or canned grains. In Brazil, several agribusinesses foment the production and commercialization of canned sweet corn. Thus, its cultivation has been growing gradually, attracting the attention of green corn producers. The present paper has as objective to evaluate the agronomic characters, the quality and the chemical composition of the grains of sweet corn, simple hybrids, appropriate for consumption ‘in natura’, and the corn to be used in the green corn industry. Seven lineages were selected and supplied for the dialectic crossing by the Program of Genetics Improvement of the State University of Maringá, thus obtaining 21 simple hybrids. The experimental outlining occurred by using complete randomized blocks with four replications. The characteristics appraised in the cultivars were: height of plants, height of ear insertion and mass of corn ears, without straw (kg ha-1). The chemical evaluations carried out were the ones regarding: determination of reducer and total sugars, starch, proteins, ethereal extract, fibers and ashes. Variance analysis was used for the statistical analyses, whereas Scott-Knott cluster test (1974) was used in the comparison of averages, with a minimum probability of 5%. For the combining analysis, between the genitor lineages and the simple hybrids obtained (usual combination capacity - UCC - and specific combination capacity - SCC), both, method 4 and the fixed model by Griffing (1956) were used. The average results obtained showed that there was no significant difference when the evaluating the height of plants and corns ears (P>0.05), but on xii the other hand, of chemical composition showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the test regarding average clustering, by Scott-Knott (1974) for the hybrids appraised. But L4 and L5 sweet corn lineages were the ones highlighted for the crossings accomplished in the combining analysis. Both, L4xL5 and L3xL7 hybrids were the most suitable for production, when aiming at obtaining the largest concentration of sugars, together with the smallest content of starch, in its compound.

CNPQ / O milho doce (Zea mays L.) possui ampla versatilidade, além de agregar valor ao produto. Este tipo de milho vem sendo consumido em diversos países na forma de espiga cozida “in natura”, congelada ou como grãos enlatados. No Brasil, várias agroindústrias fomentam a produção e comercialização do milho doce enlatado em conserva. Dessa forma, seu cultivo vem crescendo gradativamente, atraindo a atenção dos produtores de milho verde. O presente trabalho possui como objetivos: avaliar caracteres agronômicos, a qualidade e a composição química dos grãos de híbridos simples de milho doce apropriados para consumo "in natura" e, também, pela indústria de milho verde em conserva. As sete linhagens foram selecionadas e fornecidas para o cruzamento dialélico pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, sendo obtidos os 21 híbridos simples. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas no campo foram: altura de plantas, altura de inserção das espigas e massa das espigas sem palha (kg ha-1). As avaliações químicas realizadas foram: determinação de açúcares redutores e totais, amido, proteínas, extrato etéreo, fibras e cinzas. Para as análises estatísticas, foi utilizada a análise de variância e na comparação das médias foi utilizado o teste de agrupamento Scott- Knott (1974) com probabilidade mínima de 5%. Para a análise de combinação entre as linhagens genitoras e os híbridos simples obtidos (capacidade geral de combinação – CGC - e capacidade específica de combinação - CEC) foi utilizado o método 4 de Griffing e o modelo fixo (1956). Os resultados médios obtidos indicam que, para a avaliação da altura de plantas e espigas, não houve diferença significativa x (P>0,05), e para a composição química, houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) pelo teste de agrupamento de médias de Scott-Knott (1974) entre os híbridos avaliados. Na análise combinatória, as linhagens de milho doce que se destacaram para os cruzamentos realizados foram as linhagens L4 e L5. Os híbridos L4xL5 e L3xL7 são os mais indicados para produção, quando se objetiva a maior concentração de açúcares e menor teor de amido na composição. / Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) possesses wide versatility, besides adding value to the product. This corn type has been consumed ‘in natura’ in several countries, in form of cooked ears, or in frozen or canned grains. In Brazil, several agribusinesses foment the production and commercialization of canned sweet corn. Thus, its cultivation has been growing gradually, attracting the attention of green corn producers. The present paper has as objective to evaluate the agronomic characters, the quality and the chemical composition of the grains of sweet corn, simple hybrids, appropriate for consumption ‘in natura’, and the corn to be used in the green corn industry. Seven lineages were selected and supplied for the dialectic crossing by the Program of Genetics Improvement of the State University of Maringá, thus obtaining 21 simple hybrids. The experimental outlining occurred by using complete randomized blocks with four replications. The characteristics appraised in the cultivars were: height of plants, height of ear insertion and mass of corn ears, without straw (kg ha-1). The chemical evaluations carried out were the ones regarding: determination of reducer and total sugars, starch, proteins, ethereal extract, fibers and ashes. Variance analysis was used for the statistical analyses, whereas Scott-Knott cluster test (1974) was used in the comparison of averages, with a minimum probability of 5%. For the combining analysis, between the genitor lineages and the simple hybrids obtained (usual combination capacity - UCC - and specific combination capacity - SCC), both, method 4 and the fixed model by Griffing (1956) were used. The average results obtained showed that there was no significant difference when the evaluating the height of plants and corns ears (P>0.05), but on xii the other hand, of chemical composition showed significant difference (P<0.05) in the test regarding average clustering, by Scott-Knott (1974) for the hybrids appraised. But L4 and L5 sweet corn lineages were the ones highlighted for the crossings accomplished in the combining analysis. Both, L4xL5 and L3xL7 hybrids were the most suitable for production, when aiming at obtaining the largest concentration of sugars, together with the smallest content of starch, in its compound.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 coimbra_ra_dr_botfca.pdf: 316416 bytes, checksum: 1fc855b79ca4fb0bac2b5aed8f06e98a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O milho-doce difere do milho comum quanto ao elevado teor de açúcares acumulados no endosperma e menor espessura do pericarpo. Esses fatores contribuem para os baixos índices de germinação e vigor apresentados por suas sementes e para uma resposta distinta a do milho comum aos testes de vigor utilizados. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência do teste de envelhecimento acelerado, e suas variações, para a avaliação da qualidade de sementes de milho-doce, dez lotes do híbrido de milho-doce DO-04 shrunken- 2 (sh2), foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações: teste de envelhecimento acelerado na temperatura de 42°C em água destilada (100% UR), solução saturada de cloreto de potássio (87% UR) e solução saturada de cloreto de sódio (76% UR), avaliando-se quatro períodos de exposição (24, 48, 72 e 96 horas), teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, precocidade de emissão de raiz primária, emergência de plântulas em campo, teste de frio e condutividade elétrica. Após essas avaliações amostras dos dez lotes de sementes foram armazenadas por dezesseis meses e em intervalos quadrimestrais foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e a emergência das plântulas em campo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com a comparação das médias realizada por meio do teste Tukey, a 5% de significância. 2 Os resultados permitiram concluir que os testes de envelhecimento acelerado por 48 e 72 horas com água destilada, por 72 e 96 horas com solução salina de cloreto de potássio e por 96 horas com solução salina de cloreto de sódio, avaliados em conjunto com os testes de germinação, precocidade de emissão da raiz primária e condutividade elétrica mostram-se promissores na avaliação da qualidade das sementes de milho-doce (sh2). / Sweet corn differs from the usual one concerning the high level of sugar accumulated in endosperm and a lower pericarp thickness. These characteristics contribute to lower germination rates and vigor shown by its seeds and to a specific response of usual corn to vigor tests used. Aimed at verifying the efficiency of accelerated aging test, and their variations, for the quality evaluation of sweet-corn, ten lots of DO-04 shrunken-2 (sh2) hybrid sweet corn seeds were subjected to the following evaluations: accelerated aging test under 42°C in distilled water (100% UR), potassium chloride saturated solution (87% UR) and sodium chloride saturated solution (76% UR), evaluating four exposition periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), seed water content, standard germination, first counting, earliness of primary root emission, field seedlings emergency, cold test and electrical conductivity. After those evaluations seed samples of ten lots they were stored by sixteen months and in intervals of four months they were evaluated as standard germination and field seedlings emergency. The experimental design used was totally randomized where comparison between medians of lots was performed by Tukey test, at 5% of significance. Results concluded that accelerated aging tests with water for 48 and 72 hours, with potassium chloride saline solution for 72 and 96 hours and sodium chloride for 96 hours evaluated together with standard germination, earliness of primary root emission and electrical conductivity they are show promising in quality evaluation of sweet corn seeds (sh2).

Resumo: O milho-doce difere do milho comum quanto ao elevado teor de açúcares acumulados no endosperma e menor espessura do pericarpo. Esses fatores contribuem para os baixos índices de germinação e vigor apresentados por suas sementes e para uma resposta distinta a do milho comum aos testes de vigor utilizados. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência do teste de envelhecimento acelerado, e suas variações, para a avaliação da qualidade de sementes de milho-doce, dez lotes do híbrido de milho-doce DO-04 shrunken- 2 (sh2), foram submetidos às seguintes avaliações: teste de envelhecimento acelerado na temperatura de 42°C em água destilada (100% UR), solução saturada de cloreto de potássio (87% UR) e solução saturada de cloreto de sódio (76% UR), avaliando-se quatro períodos de exposição (24, 48, 72 e 96 horas), teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, precocidade de emissão de raiz primária, emergência de plântulas em campo, teste de frio e condutividade elétrica. Após essas avaliações amostras dos dez lotes de sementes foram armazenadas por dezesseis meses e em intervalos quadrimestrais foram avaliadas quanto à germinação e a emergência das plântulas em campo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com a comparação das médias realizada por meio do teste Tukey, a 5% de significância. 2 Os resultados permitiram concluir que os testes de envelhecimento acelerado por 48 e 72 horas com água destilada, por 72 e 96 horas com solução salina de cloreto de potássio e por 96 horas com solução salina de cloreto de sódio, avaliados em conjunto com os testes de germinação, precocidade de emissão da raiz primária e condutividade elétrica mostram-se promissores na avaliação da qualidade das sementes de milho-doce (sh2). / Abstract: Sweet corn differs from the usual one concerning the high level of sugar accumulated in endosperm and a lower pericarp thickness. These characteristics contribute to lower germination rates and vigor shown by its seeds and to a specific response of usual corn to vigor tests used. Aimed at verifying the efficiency of accelerated aging test, and their variations, for the quality evaluation of sweet-corn, ten lots of DO-04 shrunken-2 (sh2) hybrid sweet corn seeds were subjected to the following evaluations: accelerated aging test under 42°C in distilled water (100% UR), potassium chloride saturated solution (87% UR) and sodium chloride saturated solution (76% UR), evaluating four exposition periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), seed water content, standard germination, first counting, earliness of primary root emission, field seedlings emergency, cold test and electrical conductivity. After those evaluations seed samples of ten lots they were stored by sixteen months and in intervals of four months they were evaluated as standard germination and field seedlings emergency. The experimental design used was totally randomized where comparison between medians of lots was performed by Tukey test, at 5% of significance. Results concluded that accelerated aging tests with water for 48 and 72 hours, with potassium chloride saline solution for 72 and 96 hours and sodium chloride for 96 hours evaluated together with standard germination, earliness of primary root emission and electrical conductivity they are show promising in quality evaluation of sweet corn seeds (sh2). / Orientador: Cibele Chalita Martins / Coorientador: Sívio José Bicudo / Banca: João Nakagawa / Banca: Marco Eustáquio de Sá / Banca: Claudemir Zucareli / Banca: Ana D. L. Coelho Novembre / Doutor

The effects of black polyethylene (PE) mulch alone and in combination with plastic film tunnels (Agronet, Reemay, whiteperforated, clear, and clear-slitted) were studied on morphology and yield of sweet corn in North Logan, Utah. Yields of "Miracle" sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were increased significantly by using black PE mulch and with a combination of various types of plastic row covers, as compared to unmulched soil. Standard-growth analysis procedures were conducted to verify responses among treatments. Treatment effects were determined by measuring days to first flowering, ear weight, number of side tillers, cob length, cob circumference, cob fill length, number of rows, and number of kernels missing per cob. Leaf area, plant height, and total shoot dry mass were significantly larger for mulched than for unmulched plants.

No description available.

Supply and synchronization of plant-available nitrogen (N) to the soil is a major challenge for organic farmers, especially when growing crops in soils that are in transition from conventional to organic systems. This research evaluated the effects of site produced cover crops and application of soil amendments on N uptake and crop yield of organic Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) and sweet corn (Zea mays). Cover crops were crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) and forage radish (Raphanus sativus). Soil amendments included in-row application of commercially produced dehydrated compost tea absorbed on charcoal (Soil Biology Innovations) and post-plant sidedressing with organic N fertilizer. Irish potato and sweet corn were grown at the Kentland Agricultural Research Farm near Blacksburg, VA in an organic transition soil during the summers of 2006 and 2007. Nitrogen uptake and crop yield were not affected by cover crop species in either year. SBI increased yield of sweet corn, but not Irish potato for both years; SBI had no effect on N uptake of either crop. Post-plant N sidedressing increased N uptake and crop yield of Irish potato and sweet corn in 2007, but had no effect on crop yield in 2006, presumably because pre-plant organic fertilizer was applied at planting in 2006, but not in 2007. This study shows that the combination of site produced cover crops and applied soil amendments may be required to produce high marketable yields of organic Irish potato and sweet corn in the transition soil used in these experiments. / Master of Science

Carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. Royal Chantenay) and sweet corn vi (Zea mays L. cv. Iochief) were grown rm the Utah State University's Greenville farm in 1969 and 1970. The soil was fumigated with Telone (a mixture of 1, 3-dichloropropene and other chlorinated hydrocarbons) at the rates of 10, 20, and 30 gal/acre and Nemagon (1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) at the rates of 1, 2, and 3 gal/acre one week before planting. Samples of uniformly mature carrot roots were taken for the studies of total carotenes, β-carotene, total and reducing sugars, respiration, and ultrastructural changes; and those of sweet corn seeds for the studies of total carotenoids , starch, total sugar, and total nitrogen changes. Compared to the controls, carrots grown on fumigated soil had a significantly higher content of total carotenes, β-carotene, and total sugars, and a lower rate of respiration. The electron microscopic study indicated that the carrots from Telone (30 gal/acre) and Nemagon (3 gal/acre) fumigated soil had larger chromoplasts that contained more globuli and crystals than those of the controls. The soil fumigations with Telone and Nemagon also brought about the increase in total carotenoid content in sweet corn seeds.

Graduation date: 2004

Fall-planted forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. longipinnatus) cover crops have shown successful weed suppression and recycling of fall-captured nutrients. This research evaluated the nutrient cycling and weed suppressive benefits of forage radish cover crop mixtures to develop an integrated system for no-till sweet corn (Zea mays L. var rugosa) production that improves crop yield and soil health. Treatments included forage radish (FR), oats (Avena sativa L.) and forage radish (OFR), a mixture of peas (Pisum sativum subsp arvense L.), oats and forage radish (POFR), and no cover crop control (NCC). Subplots were assigned to nitrogen fertilizer treatments to evaluate N sufficiency and timing: 0 kg N ha-1 as the control, 28 kg N ha-1 at side-dress, and 56 kg N ha-1 with application split between planting and side-dress. Results indicated that POFR and OFR provided improved N cycling and sweet corn yield compared with FR and NCC. Early season N from decomposing cover crop residue was sufficient to eliminate the need for N fertilizer at sweet corn planting, thereby reducing input costs and risks of environmental pollution.