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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Análise numérica transiente com validação experimental do escoamento em motores de combustão interna considerando diferentes aberturas de válvula

Soriano, Bruno Souza January 2015 (has links)
Com o crescente aumento dos problemas ambientais relacionados à emissão de poluentes, normas cada vez mais rigorosas estão sendo implementadas para diminuir a emissão de gases nocivos provenientes da queima de hidrocarbonetos em motores de combustão interna. Um importante fator que influencia na geração de gases poluentes em motores é o comportamento do escoamento no cilindro, desde o início da admissão até a fase de combustão. O presente trabalho realiza um estudo numérico com validação experimental do escoamento no motor Honda GX35, considerando diversas aberturas de válvula fixas e diferenças de pressão para gerar o escoamento. A validação da metodologia numérica é realizada através da comparação dos resultados do coeficiente de descarga para todas as aberturas de válvula utilizadas. A medição da vazão de ar na metodologia experimental é realizada com um anemômetro de filme quente de aplicação automotiva, calibrado para as condições do teste. Já a metodologia numérica utiliza dois modelos de turbulência, k-ω SST e k-ε standard. Os resultados numéricos apresentaram boa concordância com os experimentais para ambos os modelos adotados, quanto ao coeficiente de descarga. Entretanto, a diferença de comportamento do escoamento no interior do cilindro é elevada, pois o modelo k-ω SST é capaz de captar a oscilação transiente do jato que se forma na saída da válvula, inexistente no k-ε standard. O comportamento transiente causa uma significativa variação da vorticidade média em um plano perpendicular ao cilindro, com o escoamento trocando de direção principal de rotação em alguns instantes. Dados numéricos médios e de variação ao longo do tempo para swirl e tumble também são apresentados e discutidos. Ao analisar a oscilação da vazão mássica na fronteira de saída do domínio, frequências de aproximadamente 1300 Hz são captadas. Tais frequências são confrontadas com resultados experimentais obtidos pelo presente grupo de pesquisa para medições de oscilação de pressão no coletor de admissão do mesmo motor. O desvio percentual relativo para a frequência de oscilação é de 0,3%, o que demonstra a correta predição, tanto do fenômeno de desprendimento de vórtice quanto do coeficiente de descarga obtido através do modelo de turbulência k-ω SST. / With the increasing environmental problems concerning pollutant emissions, stringent standards have been applied in order to decrease harmful gases produced by the hydrocarbons combustion in internal combustion engines. The flow behaviour within the cylinder is an important factor that affects the emission’s formation in engines, since the intake stroke until the combustion. This work performs a numerical study with experimental validation of fluid flow at Honda GX35 engine, considering different fixed valve lifts and suction pressures to generate the flow. The validation of the numerical methodology is made through the discharge coefficient and flow pattern comparisons for all valve lifts utilized. The mass flow rate in the intake system is measured with an automotive hot film anemometer, calibrated for the test’s conditions. Regarding the computational solution for the turbulent air flow, two turbulence models were utilized: SST k-ω and k-ε standard. Although the numerical results presented a good agreement with the experimental data concerning the discharge coeficient, the flow pattern comparisons presented a high discrepancy among the models utilized. The SST k-ω model is capable to capture the transient behaviour of the jet formed in the valve exit, constituting the main difference between them. The transient oscillation causes a significant difference of mean vorticity in a cylinder section plane, with the bulk flow changing its main rotation along the time. The averaged and transient numerical data of swirl and tumble are presented and discussed. In the frequency analysis of the numerical mass flow rate oscillations, obtained at the outlet boundary, presented an average value about 1300 Hz. Such frequencies, when compared with experimental results obtained by the present research group for the pulsating pressure waves into the intake duct of the same engine, had a relative percentage deviation of 0.3%. The agreement between the results using the SST k-ω model reveals the correct prediction of vortex shedding frequency and discharge coefficient.
122

Análise numérica transiente com validação experimental do escoamento em motores de combustão interna considerando diferentes aberturas de válvula

Soriano, Bruno Souza January 2015 (has links)
Com o crescente aumento dos problemas ambientais relacionados à emissão de poluentes, normas cada vez mais rigorosas estão sendo implementadas para diminuir a emissão de gases nocivos provenientes da queima de hidrocarbonetos em motores de combustão interna. Um importante fator que influencia na geração de gases poluentes em motores é o comportamento do escoamento no cilindro, desde o início da admissão até a fase de combustão. O presente trabalho realiza um estudo numérico com validação experimental do escoamento no motor Honda GX35, considerando diversas aberturas de válvula fixas e diferenças de pressão para gerar o escoamento. A validação da metodologia numérica é realizada através da comparação dos resultados do coeficiente de descarga para todas as aberturas de válvula utilizadas. A medição da vazão de ar na metodologia experimental é realizada com um anemômetro de filme quente de aplicação automotiva, calibrado para as condições do teste. Já a metodologia numérica utiliza dois modelos de turbulência, k-ω SST e k-ε standard. Os resultados numéricos apresentaram boa concordância com os experimentais para ambos os modelos adotados, quanto ao coeficiente de descarga. Entretanto, a diferença de comportamento do escoamento no interior do cilindro é elevada, pois o modelo k-ω SST é capaz de captar a oscilação transiente do jato que se forma na saída da válvula, inexistente no k-ε standard. O comportamento transiente causa uma significativa variação da vorticidade média em um plano perpendicular ao cilindro, com o escoamento trocando de direção principal de rotação em alguns instantes. Dados numéricos médios e de variação ao longo do tempo para swirl e tumble também são apresentados e discutidos. Ao analisar a oscilação da vazão mássica na fronteira de saída do domínio, frequências de aproximadamente 1300 Hz são captadas. Tais frequências são confrontadas com resultados experimentais obtidos pelo presente grupo de pesquisa para medições de oscilação de pressão no coletor de admissão do mesmo motor. O desvio percentual relativo para a frequência de oscilação é de 0,3%, o que demonstra a correta predição, tanto do fenômeno de desprendimento de vórtice quanto do coeficiente de descarga obtido através do modelo de turbulência k-ω SST. / With the increasing environmental problems concerning pollutant emissions, stringent standards have been applied in order to decrease harmful gases produced by the hydrocarbons combustion in internal combustion engines. The flow behaviour within the cylinder is an important factor that affects the emission’s formation in engines, since the intake stroke until the combustion. This work performs a numerical study with experimental validation of fluid flow at Honda GX35 engine, considering different fixed valve lifts and suction pressures to generate the flow. The validation of the numerical methodology is made through the discharge coefficient and flow pattern comparisons for all valve lifts utilized. The mass flow rate in the intake system is measured with an automotive hot film anemometer, calibrated for the test’s conditions. Regarding the computational solution for the turbulent air flow, two turbulence models were utilized: SST k-ω and k-ε standard. Although the numerical results presented a good agreement with the experimental data concerning the discharge coeficient, the flow pattern comparisons presented a high discrepancy among the models utilized. The SST k-ω model is capable to capture the transient behaviour of the jet formed in the valve exit, constituting the main difference between them. The transient oscillation causes a significant difference of mean vorticity in a cylinder section plane, with the bulk flow changing its main rotation along the time. The averaged and transient numerical data of swirl and tumble are presented and discussed. In the frequency analysis of the numerical mass flow rate oscillations, obtained at the outlet boundary, presented an average value about 1300 Hz. Such frequencies, when compared with experimental results obtained by the present research group for the pulsating pressure waves into the intake duct of the same engine, had a relative percentage deviation of 0.3%. The agreement between the results using the SST k-ω model reveals the correct prediction of vortex shedding frequency and discharge coefficient.
123

Simulação numérica de difusores tangenciais com modelo de tensões de Reynolds. / Numerical simulation of swirl diffusers with Reynolds stress model.

Rafael de Freitas Sartori 20 September 2013 (has links)
Difusores de ar é um tema de particular interesse na indústria dos sistemas de ar condicionado e climatização. O difusor swirl (ou tangencial) é um tipo de difusor já utilizado em alguns ambientes climatizados. O seu comportamento é mais conhecido em aplicações no campo da combustão, mas, em aplicações de sistemas de ar condicionado o Número de Reynolds é bem menor, não há a combustão e as condições de contorno são diferentes. Além disso, têm-se poucos estudos voltados para estes difusores num domínio 3D. Com esta motivação, o presente trabalho apresenta as simulações de um difusor tangencial em vazões típicas de aplicações de conforto térmico personalizado, utilizando a modelo de turbulência Reynolds Stress em um domínio 3D. Algumas simulações em um domínio 2D são realizadas a fim de se obter algumas características essenciais do escoamento, como abertura e comprimento do jato. Porém, comparados ao experimento, os resultados 2D precisam ser melhorados. Esquemas de discretização de maior ordem são utilizados para se avaliar o desempenho. Nas simulações no domínio 3D, verifica-se que um resultado melhor é alcançado quando se refina a malha na região central do jato, logo abaixo do difusor. Dois métodos de especificação da condição de contorno de entrada são estudados: o primeiro consiste em utilizar os dados experimentais obtidos na saída do difusor para simular o escoamento sem a geometria do difusor e o segundo simula o difusor completo, aplicando a magnitude da velocidade perpendicularmente à superfície de entrada com base na vazão calculada pelos dados do experimento do PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). Os resultados numéricos são comparados com o experimento. Verifica-se que o método de simulação sem o difusor apresenta resultados mais precisos com relação ao experimento e apresenta maiores vantagens na simulação numérica. / Air diffusers are a topic of particular interest in the industry of acclimatization and air conditioning systems. The swirl (or tangential) diffuser is a type of device already used in some air conditioned environments. Their behavior is best known in combustion applications, but in air conditioning systems applications, the Reynolds number is much lower, there is no combustion and the boundary conditions are different. In addition, there have been few studies on these diffusers in 3D domain. With this motivation, this work presents simulations of a tangential flow diffuser for applications of thermal comfort. The numerical study uses the Reynolds stress turbulence model in a 3D domain. Some simulations in a 2D domain are performed in order to obtain some essential features of the flow, as the width and length of the jet. However, compared to the experiment, the 2D results need to be improved. Higher order discretization schemes are used to evaluate performance. In 3D domain simulations, it is verified that a better result is achieved when the mesh is refined in the jets central region, just below the diffuser. Two methods of the inlet boundary conditions are studied: the first consists of using the experimental data obtained at the exit of the diffuser to simulate the flow without the geometry of the diffuser and the second method simulates the diffuser completely, applying the velocity magnitude perpendicular to the inlet surface based on the calculated flow rate with experimental data of PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). The numerical results are compared with experiment. It is noted that a simulation method without the geometry of the diffuser provides more accurate results with the experiment and has major advantages in the numerical simulation.
124

Popis nestacionárních provozních stavů násoskové vírové turbiny / Description unsteady operating conditions of siphon swirl turbine

Krejčiřík, Stanislav January 2017 (has links)
The master´s thesis focuses on the behavior of the siphon turbine during unsteady flow. There are two possible conditions. The first condition involves commissioning the turbine. In this situation turbine works like a pump. In the second case, it includes shutting down the turbine by aerating the siphon and thereby breaking the water column. This thesis deals with the second case, where the results of the experiment and the mathematical model are compared.
125

Vliv otevření difuzoru na dynamické vlastnosti spirální vírové struktury / Influence of difuser's opening angle on the dynamic properties of spiral vortex structure

Hazucha, Jan January 2019 (has links)
This master’s thesis deals with CFD simulation of spiral vortex structure in the diffuser of swirl generator. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate influence of change in diffuser opening angle on frequency and amplitude of pressure pulsation. All results are compared in charts which shows courses of frequencies and amplitudes along the diffuser. Two different turbulence models and several types of mesh were tested
126

Vliv nastavitelných vestaveb v savce turbiny na charakteristiku a tlakové pulzace / Influence of adjustable installations in the turbine draft tube on the characteristics and pressure pulsations

Šuráň, David January 2021 (has links)
This master’s thesis deals with the draft tube and its optimization for various operating conditions. The research investigates the theoretical description and function of the draft tube and explains known methods of suppressing pressure pulsation so far. In the computational part, the author proposes a new method and designs optimal geometry of adjustable installations (ribs) for the draft tube. Finally, the comparison with the default geometry without ribs is performed.
127

Návrh vírové turbiny / Swirl turbine design

Šperka, Oldřich January 2008 (has links)
The purpose of this diploma work is to predict the action of the swirl turbine in a siphonal configuration using the potential energy provided by the river Úpa near the city Jaroměř. The hydraulic predictions of the turbine impellor were based on calculation made using the CFD program Fluent. The measurement of the draft tube and the strength calculations of the turbine blade and spindle are based upon the theories, experiments and finally on the knowledge gained from the test models constructed. The results of this project can be used when considering the viability of a small hydraulic power plant.
128

Vliv velikosti náboje na hltnost a účinnost vírové turbiny / The influence of the hub on discharge and efficiency of the swirl turbine

Husák, Martin January 2012 (has links)
The aim is to determine by numerical modeling the influence of the hub on discharge and efficiency of the swirl turbine. The first part summarizes the theoretical knowledge about water turbines. In the main part is done hydraulic design of turbine, create model in Inventor, export geometry in Gambit and build mesh. Then it is described the solution methodology in Fluent, evaluation of computed data and their presentation in the form of tables and graphs
129

Konstrukční řešení vírové turbiny s protiběžnými koly / The construction of swirl turbine with counter-rotating runners

Pokorný, Tomáš January 2012 (has links)
The construction of swirl turbine with counter-rotating runners. Master's thesis of master's studies of 2th years. This master's thesis is a technical report. The content of this technical report is engineering design of turbine, strength calculation of designed parts, design of bearings and development drawings for production.
130

Hydraulické charakteristiky proudění v kavitačních tryskách / Hydraulic characteristics of the cavitation nozzles

Gríger, Milan January 2013 (has links)
The main goal of this thesis is the examination of hydraulic characteristics for different cavity nozzles, influence of liquid rotation and visualization of cavitating flow. Thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. Theoretical part deals with the description of cavity - creation, development and its extinction. This part also contains description of vortex flow and basic vertex models. Practical part compares nozzles performance experimentally. The aim of experiment was to measure hydraulic characteristics and their comparison. Jet performance was judged using visualizations and measured data was processed in Microsoft Excel and Parametr.

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