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Many have chosen to divide the world of fiction into literary and genre. I do not believe these have to be mutually exclusive. Writers such as Shirley Jackson, Stephen King, and Benjamin Percy note the importance of literary devices while simultaneously creating plots that elicit emotional responses from readers. It is my goal to accomplish the same, and bridge the gap between literary and genre fiction in my collection of short stories by using symbolism and imagery to create a sense of the foreboding.

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<p>This study examines L.P. Hartley's male protagonists who provide the focus for his major fiction. The male characters' difficulties in understanding themselves, and the world which confronts them, are issues discussed by the few serious critics of Hartley's work. The book-length criticism, however, has tended to rely heavily upon figures like Freud and Jung, and upon Romantic and Judaeo-Christian thinking and symbolism, in order to establish its views. My study constitutes an attempt to avoid the overt application of "schools" to Hartley's work, although like Hartley himself I cannot claim to have been completely untainted, for example, by our Freudian climate. Specifically, I am interested in demonstrating the complex processes by which Hartley's sensitive male protagonists near self-understanding, and how Hartley uses detailed, even intricate, symbolism to express those developments.</p> <p>Using the Eustace and Hilda trilogy, I thoroughly examine Eustace Cherrington's growth toward self-understanding in order to demonstrate the special problems confronted by a typical Hartleian male. Leo Colston, in The Go-Between, and Stephen Leadbitter, in The Hireling, are then included in the discussion, and the three males' associations with fantasy worlds, and with manipulative women, are seen to contribute to the difficulties faced by these protagonists. In a final chapter, by examining the earlier fiction in the light of some of Hartley's less symbolic later novels, in particular The Harness Room, I indicate how Hartley's symbolism has been used, in the past, to conceal his interest in male homosexual relationships.</p> <p>Hartley, in addressing the issue of self-knowledge in his fiction, also makes a statement concerning the difficulty faced by the individual who, after the Second World War, was especially confronted with the task of securing an identity for himself in an increasingly egalitarian, fast-paced "modern" world. Hartley's canon is a metaphoric expression of how what Hartley terms the "Great Man" of Victorian fiction becomes the weak, victimised, but in many ways "greater" twentieth century man; for all his insecurity and failure, the Hartleian male of the 1970's is one who has painfully explored both himself and his environment in an attempt to survive, and to establish for himself, however temporarily, a "unique personality" appropriate to his time.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The conflict between ethnic minorities and nation-states has been subject to one of the most searching debates in the study of ethno-nationalism. The dominant approach among scholars is that ethnic conflicts stem from states' failure to recognize minority rights. Within the framework of this approach, it is assumed that ethnic conflicts occur due to the discriminatory policies on the part of the state. As a reaction to those policies, ethnic groups resist with rebellious elements. However this assimilation-resistance paradigm only considers the civic integration efforts of the state and fails to acknowledge the role of state's territorial integrity efforts and ethnic groups' demands to self-government in generating the conflict. Anchored in an ethno-symbolist framework, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the historical interpretational obstacles over the ownership of homeland between the states and ethnic groups when working towards a conflict resolution. Through a case study of Kurdish-Turkish conflict, this thesis addresses the different meanings of territory held by the state and the ethnic groups as one of the major causes of ethnic conflicts. / Master of Arts

This dissertation consists of a novel, The Buddha on Page 13 and a dissertation of limited extent, "Buddhist symbolism and metaphoric, and the perception of sin, guilt and punishment in The Buddha on Page 13." In the dissertation of limited extent the role that guilt plays in the motivation of an individual's actions is investigated. The Christian and Buddhist views of sin are compared, and the conclusion is made that neither Christianity nor Buddhism can explain why mankind experiences the feeling of guilt. The central character, Toit Brink, finally accepts this "so-ness" of things: "thathatha". The dissertation explains how the style of the text wishes to be neutral, and how this neutrality is harnessed for Buddhist reasons. The Buddhist element in the novel's symbolism and metaphoric is illuminated, as well as the apparent contradiction of some of the metaphors. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

by Law Donny Chi-leung. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references.