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No / Great Writers on Organizations presents succinctly each of the contributions made by 80 of the most prominent management thinkers to the understanding of organizational behaviour and managerial thinking. Among those included are early theorists such as Henri Fayol, Frederick W. Taylor and Max Weber, classical writers such as Alfred D. Chandler, Peter Drucker and Frederick Herzberg, through to modern thinkers such as Oliver Williamson, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, and Charles Handy. New writers included in the Third Omnibus Edition are: Lex Donaldson, Stewart Clegg, Richard Whitley, Michel Foucault and Kathleen Eisenhardt. The volume is an indispensable resource for academics, students and managers on what the great writers have to say about the key managerial tasks of how to organize and motivate.

A large epizootic of the vector-borne disease bluetongue occurred in northern Europe from 2006-2009, costing the economies of the infected countries several hundreds of millions of euros. During this time, the United Kingdom (UK) was exposed to the risk of bluetongue by windborne incursions of infected Culicoides biting midges from the northern coast of mainland Europe. The first outbreaks which occurred in the UK in 2007 were attributed to this cause. Although bluetongue virus (BTV) no longer appears to be circulating in northern Europe, it is widely suggested that it and other midge-borne diseases may emerge again in the future, particularly under a changing climate. Spread of BTV is strongly influenced by the weather and climate however limited use has been made of meteorologically based models to generate predictions of its spread to the UK. The extent to which windborne BTV spread can be modelled at timescales from days to decades ahead, to inform tactical and strategic decisions taken to limit its transmission, is therefore examined here. An early warning system has been developed to predict possible incursion events on a daily timescale, based on an atmospheric dispersion model adapted to incorporate flight characteristics of the Culicoides vectors. The system’s warning of the first UK outbreak in September 2007 was found to be greatly beneficial to the UK livestock industry. The dispersion model is also shown to be a useful post-outbreak epidemiological analysis tool. A novel approach has been developed to predict BTV spread into the UK on climate-change timescales as dispersion modelling is not practical over extended periods of time. Using a combination of principal component and cluster analyses the synoptic scale atmospheric circulations which control when local weather conditions are suitable for midge incursions were determined. Changes in the frequency and timing of these large scale circulations over the period 2000 to 2050 were then examined using an ensemble of regional climate model simulations. The results suggest areas of UK under the influence of easterly winds may face a slight increase in risk and the length of the season where temperatures are suitable for BTV replication is likely to increase by around 20 days by 2050. However a high level of uncertainty is associated with these predictions so a flexible decision making approach should be adopted to accommodate better information as it becomes available in the future.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The growth rate of large-scale structure is a key probe of gravity in the accelerating Universe. Standard models of Dark Energy within General Relativity predict essentially the same growth rate, whereas Modified Gravity theories without Dark Energy predict a different growth rate. Redshift-space distortions lead to anisotropy in the power spectrum, and extracting the monopole and quadrupole allows us to determine the growth rate and thus test theories of gravity. We investigate redshift-space distortions in the intensity maps of the 21cm emission line of neutral hydrogen (HI) in galaxies after the Epoch of Reionization: HI intensity mapping delivers very accurate redshifts. We first use the standard approach based on the Fourier power spectrum. Then we explored an alternative approach, based on the spherical-harmonic angular power spectrum. Fisher forecasting was used to make predictions of the accuracy with which MeerKAT will measure the growth rate parameter, via the proposed MeerKAT Large Area Synoptic Survey (MeerKLASS). Then we extend the forecasts to consider the planned HI intensity mapping survey in Phase 1 of the Square Kilometre Array. These forecasts enable us to predict at what level of accuracy General relativity and various alternative theories could be ruled out.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:48:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE CARLOS DE LIMA COSTA.pdf: 1220710 bytes, checksum: 098e2c0b33331f3dbe25bb857a94ee42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-21 / This work deals with the influence of the Old Testament prophetism on the actions and words of Jesus, as he is presented by the synoptic Gospels. The present research intends to demonstrate that in the presentation of the life and teaching of Jesus portrayed by the synoptics, the Nazarene partially breaks with most of the religious movements of his time and reclaims ancient prophetic traditions available to him in the TaNaK. Initially, a bibliographical research shall undertake a biblicotheological revision, aiming at understanding Israelite prophetism as presented in the Hebrew Bible. Then, a bibliographical and exegetical study will be done in the principal synoptic texts which present Jesus‟ prophetic praxis. The investigation shall focus on the image of Jesus as seen in the synoptic gospels, in their canonical form. In the final stage, the data of both researches will be analyzed and compared with each other. The common points observed between Old Testament prophetism and Jesus‟ praxis shall be carefully analyzed, in order to establish possible influences. The research‟s final report is made up of three parts: First, according to the synoptic presentation, it becomes clear that Jesus saw himself as a prophet of God, an impression shared by those who knew him; second, so as to understand better this influence, a further investigation of Israelite prophetism is done, as this tradition is presented in the Hebrew Bible; third, an investigation is undertaken of both the deeds and the preaching of Jesus, identifying possible influences that Old Testament prophetism might have exerted upon his actions and words. Finally, this work deals with the implications of prophetic influence on the praxis represented by Jesus. / Este trabalho se propõe a abordar a influência do profetismo veterotestamentário nas ações e palavras de Jesus, conforme a apresentação feita dele nos Evangelhos Sinóticos. A pesquisa pretende demonstrar que na apresentação da vida e ensinos de Jesus feita pelos sinóticos, o Nazareno rompe parcialmente com os principais movimentos religiosos de seu tempo e retoma antigas tradições proféticas, as quais lhe estavam disponíveis na TaNaK. O trabalho consistirá, inicialmente, de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, através da qual se fará um estudo bíblico-teológico, visando compreender o profetismo israelita conforme se apresenta na Bíblia Hebraica. Em seguida, será feito um levantamento bibliográfico e exegético nos principais textos Sinóticos que expressam a práxis profética de Jesus. A presente investigação focalizará a imagem de Jesus apresentada nos Evangelhos Sinóticos, em sua forma canônica. Na etapa final, os dados de ambas as pesquisas serão analisados e comparados. Os pontos comuns observados entre o profetismo veterotestamentário e a práxis de Jesus serão cuidadosamente analisados, a fim de se estabelecer possíveis influências. O relatório final da pesquisa compõe-se de três partes: Primeiramente, demonstra-se que, de acordo com a apresentação sinótica, tanto Jesus quanto aqueles que o conheceram, viram-no primeiramente como profeta de Deus; em seguida, a fim de se compreender melhor esta influência, procede-se com a investigação do profetismo israelita, conforme ele se apresenta na Bíblia Hebraica; por último, investiga-se tanto a atuação quanto a pregação de Jesus, identificando possíveis influências que o profetismo veterotestamentário possa ter exercido sobre suas ações e palavras. Finalizando, o trabalho aborda as implicações que a influência profética na práxis de Jesus representa.

Few elements in surface waters are monitored as closely as phosphorus (P) due to its role in the eutrophication and degradation of surface waters. Limiting P mobilization from source areas is, therefore, a central goal of water quality protection plans. But the work of locating sources in mixed-use watersheds is challenged by the spatial and temporal variability of critical source areas (CSAs) of P. Synoptic sampling is a proven method for capturing the spatial variation of water quality parameters in surface waters, though it's not often used to track temporal dynamics across the same study area. Phosphorus fractionation is an analytical method that divides the total P (TP) in water into fractions, which for this study included total dissolved P (TDP), particulate P (PP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and dissolved organic P (DOP). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of combining temporally repeated synoptic sampling with simple P fractionation as a unique strategy for locating and characterizing CSAs of P. Seven synoptic sampling campaigns were conducted over a two-year period (March 2015 – July 2016) in a rural, montane watershed in north central Utah, USA. In each campaign, we sampled 18 sites across three tributaries (Main Creek, Spring Creek, and Little Hobble Creek) during three distinct, annual hydrologic periods (rising flow, peak flow, and baseflow). Temporal repetition clearly identified the rising flow period as the period with greatest P loading in the watershed. Combining repeated synoptic sampling and P fractionation successfully identified CSAs of P and most probable transfer pathways. Specifically, stream segments along lower Spring Creek and Main Creek were associated with the greatest increases of PP loads during periods of rising flow and peak flow. In the same time periods, the greatest DOP loads stemmed from forested areas as well as areas in the lower watershed associated with winter grazing of cattle. The watershed exhibited a significant background concentration of DRP from groundwater-driven subsurface sources in the lower half of the watershed that persisted year-round. These assessments can be used to develop management practices that limit various P loads from these respective critical source areas. The characterization of CSAs could not have been made using only a traditional synoptic sampling approach. This study demonstrated that the combination of repeated synoptic sampling and P fractionation can be an effective technique for locating and characterizing critical P source areas in order to guide best management practices that improve surface water quality.

The aim of this thesis is to understand spatiotemporal temperature variability in southern South America by identifying overarching temperature variability states and their associated synoptic-scale meteorological patterns. Further, the temporal frequency of occurrence of those temperature variability states is investigated as is the role of recurrent low-frequency modes of climate variability (El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode) on temperature variability. K-means cluster analysis is used to group all months during the period 1980-2015 into four primary categories for summer and winter separately. Monthly maps of temperature anomalies are provided as input to the k-means algorithm and the resulting temperature variability states are the composites of temperature anomaly maps for months assigned to each cluster, illustrating the primary spatial patterns of temperature variability over Southern South America. Composites of synoptic-scale meteorological patterns (wind, geopotential height, and moisture fields) are calculated for months assigned to each cluster to better diagnose the driving meteorology associated with these patterns of temperature variability. Results show that in summer surface wind direction and geopotential height are robust indicators of temperature variability patterns, while in winter jet stream winds are important for diagnosing equatorward excursions of cold air and poleward excursions of warm air. According to the results the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode exhibit some relationship with temperature variability state frequency, with some states more associated with these two modes than others, however they do not appear to be primary drivers of any of the temperature variability states.

Earth's radiation budget is directly influenced by aerosols through the absorption of solar radiation and subsequent heating of the atmosphere. Aerosols modulate the hydrological cycle indirectly by modifying cloud properties, precipitation and ocean heat storage. In addition, polluting aerosols impose health risks in local, regional and global scales. In spite of recent advances in the study of aerosols variability, uncertainty in their spatial and temporal distributions still presents a challenge in the understanding of climate variability. For example, aerosol loading varies not only from year to year but also on higher frequency intraseasonal time scales producing strong variability on local and regional scales. An assessment of the impact of aerosol variability requires long period measurements of aerosols at both regional and global scales. The present dissertation compiles a large database of remotely sensed aerosol loading in order to analyze its spatio-temporal variability, and how this load interacts with different variables that characterize the dynamic and thermodynamic states of the environment. Aerosol Index (AI) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) were used as measures of the atmospheric aerosol load. In addition, atmospheric and oceanic satellite observations, and reanalysis datasets is used in the analysis to investigate aerosol-environment interactions. A diagnostic study is conducted to produce global and regional aerosol satellite climatologies, and to analyze and compare the validity of aerosol retrievals. We find similarities and differences between the aerosol distributions over various regions of the globe when comparing the different satellite retrievals. A nonparametric approach is also used to examine the spatial distribution of the recent trends in aerosol concentration. A significant positive trend was found over the Middle East, Arabian Sea and South Asian regions strongly influenced by increases in dust events. Spectral and composite analyses of surface temperature, atmospheric wind, geopotential height, outgoing longwave radiation, water vapor and precipitation together with the climatology of aerosols provide insight on how the variables interact. Different modes of variability, especially in intraseasonal time scales appear as strong modulators of the aerosol distribution. In particular, we investigate how two modes of variability related to the westward propagating synoptic African Easterly Waves of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean affect the horizontal and vertical structure of the environment. The statistical significance of these two modes is tested with the use of two different spectral techniques. The pattern of propagation of aerosol load shows good correspondence with the progression of the atmospheric and oceanic synoptic conditions suitable for dust mobilization over the Atlantic Ocean. We present extensions to previous studies related with dust variability over the Atlantic region by evaluating the performance of the long period satellite aerosol retrievals in determining modes of aerosol variability. Results of the covariability between aerosols-environment motivate the use of statistical regression models to test the significance of the forecasting skill of daily AOD time series. The regression models are calibrated using atmospheric variables as predictors from the reanalysis variables. The results show poor forecasting skill with significant error growing after the 3rd day of the prediction. It is hypothesized that the simplicity of linear models results in an inability to provide a useful forecast.

The Georgia General Assembly, like many states, has enacted pre-defined, comprehensive, drought-mitigation apparatus, but they need rainfall outlooks. Global circulation models (GCMs) provide rainfall outlooks, but they are too spatially course for jurisdictional impact assessment. To wed these efforts, spatially averaged, time-smoothed, daily precipitation observations from the National Weather Service cooperative network are fitted to eight points of 700 mbar atmospheric data from the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project for climate downscaling and drought prediction in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river basin. The domain is regionalized with a factor analysis to create specialized models. All models complied well with mathematical assumptions, though the residuals were somewhat skewed and flattened. All models had an R-squared > 0.2. The models revealed map points to the south to be especially influential. A leave-one-out cross-validation showed the models to be unbiased with a percent error of < 20%. Atmospheric parameters are estimated for 2008–2011 with GCMs and empirical extrapolations. The transfer function was invoked on both these data sets for drought predictions. All models and data indicate drought especially for 2010 and especially in the south.

Numerous studies have analyzed isotopic variation of meteoric and dripwater in karst environments for paleoclimate reconstructions or aquifer recharge capacity. What is poorly understood is how the isotopic signal of δ18O and δ2H is transferred through the hydrologic cycle based upon storm type, frequency, intensity, and teleconnection activity in the tropical karst areas. At Harrison’s Cave, Barbados, a Hobo Onset event data logger was attached to a tipping bucket rain gauge to count the tips and record the total rainfall every 10 minutes. In the cave a Hobo data logger was used to record relative humidity and temperature at 10-minute intervals. Rainwater, dripwater, and stream water samples were collected at a weekly resolution and refrigerated before sample analysis. The study period was from July, 2012 to October, 2013, with data from the data loggers only until June, 2013 due to inability to reach the study site. The samples were analyzed using the Picarro Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Unit-Water L1102-I through laboratories at the University of Kentucky and the University of Utah. The samples were reported in per mil and calibrated. The teleconnection (NAO, AMO, and ENSO) and other atmospheric data were obtained from the Climate Prediction Center or the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory-Physical Sciences Division. The weekly isotope signatures were linearly regressed against total rainfall for Harrison’s Cave and surface temperature with no statistically significant correlation, indicating the amount effect was not present at a weekly resolution. The amountweighted precipitation δ18O values were calculated on a monthly basis and compared to TRMM monthly rainfall and island-wide monthly rainfall, and a statistically significant negative correlation was found between both datasets. This confirmed that the amount effect dominates the island’s rainfall isotopic signature at a monthly resolution, and that specific atmospheric influences represented in weekly rainfall were less influential on a weekly basis. It is hypothesized that the variation in weekly rainfall is due to quick initiating, rain-out, and dissipation of convective storm systems over the island. In terms of evaporative influences, the samples do not deviate much from the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), indicating minimal evaporation, which is typical for tropical locations. When the d-excess parameters were calculated, there were distinct variations with minimal evaporation occurring in the 2013 calendar year. This is attributed to coastal storm formation in the tropics.