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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Synthesis and Characterization of a Hydrolytically Stable Photochromic Copolymer Containing an N-alkylindolylfulgimide

yasmeen, Samina 09 November 2016 (has links)
Fulgides and fulgimides comprise one class of thermally irreversible photochromic organic compounds. Light dependent isomerization, has made these organic molecules promising materials for several applications, including optical memory devices, and switches. Hydrolytic stability of fulgides and fulgimides is crucial for their practical applications in biological systems and humid environments. Fulgimides, the most important derivative of fulgides, have a succinimide ring, which, unlike the anhydride ring, of fulgides, is resistant to hydrolytic degradation. A novel N-alkylindolylfulgimide was synthesized and copolymerized with acrylamide. The photochromic and hydrolytic properties of the copolymer in phosphate (pH 7.4) and acetate (pH 5.0) buffer solutions were characterized. The N-alkylindolylfulgimide based copolymer exhibited significantly enhanced hydrolytic stability (50 times better in phosphate buffer) and similar photochromic properties as a copolymer containing an N-arylindolylfulgimide.
12

Anionic Synthesis of Block Copolymers for Photonics Applications

Garces Cortes, Camila 20 May 2010 (has links)
No description available.
13

The Processing Of Mg-ti Powder For Hydrogen Storage

Cakmak, Gulhan 01 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
A study was carried out on the selection of processing condition that would yield Mg-Ti with most favourable hydrogenation properties. Processing routes under consideration were / mechanical milling under inert atmosphere, reactive milling i.e. milling under hydrogen atmosphere, ECAP (equal channel angular pressing) and thermal plasma synthesis. Structure resulting from each of these processing routes was characterized with respect to size reduction, coherently diffracting volume and the distribution of Ti catalyst. Mechanical milling yielded a particulate structure made up of large Mg agglomerates with embedded Ti fragments with a uniform distribution. Mg agglomerates have sizes larger than 100 &micro / m which arises as a result of a balance between cold welding process and ductile fracture. Repeated folding of Mg particles entraps Ti fragments inside the Mg agglomerates resulting in a very uniform distribution. Coherently diffracting volumes measured by X-ray Rietveld analysis have small sizes ca. 26 nm which implies that the agglomerates typically comprise 1011 crystallites. Mechanical milling under hydrogen, i.e. reactive milling, led to drastic reduction in particle size. Mg and Ti convert to MgH2 and TiH2 which are milled efficiently due to their brittleness resulting in particle sizes of sub-micron range. Hydrogenation experiments carried out on Mg-10 vol % Ti milled under argon yields enthalpy and entropy values of -76.74 kJ/mol-H2 and -138.64 J/K.mol-H2 for absorption and 66.54 kJ/mol H2 and 120.12 J/K.mol H2 for desorption, respectively. For 1 bar of hydrogen pressure, this corresponds to a hydrogen release temperature of 280 &deg / C. This value is not far off the lowest desorption temperature reported for powder processed Mg based alloys. ECAP processing is a bulk process where the powders, consolidated in the first pass, have limited contact with atmosphere. This process which can be repeated many times lead to structural evolution similar to that of milling, but for efficient mixing of phases it was necessary to employ multi-pass deformation. An advantage of ECAP deformation is strain hardening of the consolidated powders which has improved milling ability. Based on this, a new route was proposed for the processing of ductile hydrogen storage alloys. This involves several passes of ECAP deformation carried out in open atmosphere and a final milling operation of short duration under inert atmosphere. The plasma processing yields Mg particles of extremely small size. Evaporation of Mg-Ti powder mixture and the subsequent condensation process yield Mg particles which are less than 100 nm. Ti particles, under the current experimental condition used, have irregular size distribution but some could be quite small, i.e. in the order of a few tens of nanometers. Of the four processing routes, it was concluded that both reactive milling and thermal plasma processing are well suited for the production of hydrogen storage alloys. Reactive milling yield particles in submicron range and plasma processing seems to be capable of yielding nanosize Mg particles which, potentially, could be decorated with even smaller Ti particles.
14

Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas núcleo-casca de poliestireno e polimetacrilato de metila obtidas por polimerização em emulsão sem emulsificante e fotoiniciada. / Synthesis and characterization of core-shell nanoparticles of polystyrene and poly(methyl metacrylate) obtained by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and photopolymerization.

Carranza Oropeza, María Verónica 19 September 2011 (has links)
O objetivo do trabalho foi sintetizar e caracterizar nanopartículas de poliestireno e polimetacrilato de metila com morfologia núcleo-casca obtidas através da polimerização em emulsão sem emulsificante em dois estágios e através da fotopolimerização. Nos experimentos avaliou-se a influência de diferentes condições operacionais baseadas em fatores cinéticos sobre os dois estágios da polimerização. As condições avaliadas para o primeiro estágio de preparação de núcleos foram: a temperatura do processo, a concentração de iniciador e de monômero, e o efeito de agentes modificadores de superfície (sal, co-monômero e reticulante). Para o segundo estágio de formação da casca as condições avaliadas foram: a concentração e o regime de alimentação de monômero. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que uma relação de co-monômero e reticulante é a melhor alternativa para preparar núcleos estáveis e de diâmetros pequenos. Assim, o revestimento uniforme dos núcleos é obtido no segundo estágio e com isso a morfologia núcleo-casca em equilíbrio é alcançada. Dois sistemas experimentais (reator convencional e reator fotoquímico) foram propostos e avaliados na sua eficiência para obter partículas com este tipo de morfologia no segundo estágio (formação do revestimento). As diversas técnicas de caracterização indicaram a formação de morfologia núcleo-casca na maioria dos casos estudados para os dois sistemas propostos. Por sua vez, as técnicas espectroscópicas (NIR e Raman) permitiram o monitoramento do processo em tempo real e a elaboração de modelos de calibração que correlacionaram o crescimento do tamanho da partícula núcleo. Da mesma forma, os fatores termodinâmicos foram estudados para predizer a morfologia final esperada nos sistemas. Os resultados, experimental e predito são comparados e discutidos em termos de aspectos chave envolvidos no controle da morfologia da partícula. / This work aimed at studying the synthesis and characterization of core-shell nanoparticles of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate obtained in a two-stage emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and photopolymerization. The influence of different operational conditions based on kinetic factors was experimentally evaluated. In the first stage (seed preparation) the process temperature, initiator and monomer concentrations and the effect of surface-modifier agents (acids, salts, co-monomers and crosslinker) were investigated; similarly in the second stage, the concentration and feeding regime of monomer were evaluated with respect to the shell formation. Experimental results showed that both, crosslinker and co-monomer are the best alternative to achieve a stable seed with small diameter; hence, with this core, uniform coating is obtained in the second stage and core-shell morphology is reached. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the preparation of core-shell particles, two experimental systems (conventional and photochemical reactor) were studied. Different characterization techniques indicated that in most of the cases studied particles with the desired core-shell morphology were formed. The use of spectroscopic techniques NIR and Raman were tested for the real-time monitoring of the process using adequate calibration models developed to correlate the average size of the growing core particle with the spectra. In the same way, thermodynamic factors were used to predict the expected final morphology of the particles. Experimental and predicted results were compared and discussed in terms of the key aspects involved in the control of the particle morphology.
15

Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas núcleo-casca de poliestireno e polimetacrilato de metila obtidas por polimerização em emulsão sem emulsificante e fotoiniciada. / Synthesis and characterization of core-shell nanoparticles of polystyrene and poly(methyl metacrylate) obtained by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and photopolymerization.

María Verónica Carranza Oropeza 19 September 2011 (has links)
O objetivo do trabalho foi sintetizar e caracterizar nanopartículas de poliestireno e polimetacrilato de metila com morfologia núcleo-casca obtidas através da polimerização em emulsão sem emulsificante em dois estágios e através da fotopolimerização. Nos experimentos avaliou-se a influência de diferentes condições operacionais baseadas em fatores cinéticos sobre os dois estágios da polimerização. As condições avaliadas para o primeiro estágio de preparação de núcleos foram: a temperatura do processo, a concentração de iniciador e de monômero, e o efeito de agentes modificadores de superfície (sal, co-monômero e reticulante). Para o segundo estágio de formação da casca as condições avaliadas foram: a concentração e o regime de alimentação de monômero. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que uma relação de co-monômero e reticulante é a melhor alternativa para preparar núcleos estáveis e de diâmetros pequenos. Assim, o revestimento uniforme dos núcleos é obtido no segundo estágio e com isso a morfologia núcleo-casca em equilíbrio é alcançada. Dois sistemas experimentais (reator convencional e reator fotoquímico) foram propostos e avaliados na sua eficiência para obter partículas com este tipo de morfologia no segundo estágio (formação do revestimento). As diversas técnicas de caracterização indicaram a formação de morfologia núcleo-casca na maioria dos casos estudados para os dois sistemas propostos. Por sua vez, as técnicas espectroscópicas (NIR e Raman) permitiram o monitoramento do processo em tempo real e a elaboração de modelos de calibração que correlacionaram o crescimento do tamanho da partícula núcleo. Da mesma forma, os fatores termodinâmicos foram estudados para predizer a morfologia final esperada nos sistemas. Os resultados, experimental e predito são comparados e discutidos em termos de aspectos chave envolvidos no controle da morfologia da partícula. / This work aimed at studying the synthesis and characterization of core-shell nanoparticles of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate obtained in a two-stage emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and photopolymerization. The influence of different operational conditions based on kinetic factors was experimentally evaluated. In the first stage (seed preparation) the process temperature, initiator and monomer concentrations and the effect of surface-modifier agents (acids, salts, co-monomers and crosslinker) were investigated; similarly in the second stage, the concentration and feeding regime of monomer were evaluated with respect to the shell formation. Experimental results showed that both, crosslinker and co-monomer are the best alternative to achieve a stable seed with small diameter; hence, with this core, uniform coating is obtained in the second stage and core-shell morphology is reached. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the preparation of core-shell particles, two experimental systems (conventional and photochemical reactor) were studied. Different characterization techniques indicated that in most of the cases studied particles with the desired core-shell morphology were formed. The use of spectroscopic techniques NIR and Raman were tested for the real-time monitoring of the process using adequate calibration models developed to correlate the average size of the growing core particle with the spectra. In the same way, thermodynamic factors were used to predict the expected final morphology of the particles. Experimental and predicted results were compared and discussed in terms of the key aspects involved in the control of the particle morphology.
16

Physical chemical aspects of lanthanide-based nanoparticles: crystal structure, cation exchange, architecture, and ion distribution as well as their utilization as multifunctional nanoparticles.

Dong, Cunhai 12 December 2011 (has links)
Lanthanide-based nanoparticles are of interest for optical displays, catalysis, telecommunication, bio-imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, multimodal imaging, etc. These applications are possible partly because the preparation of lanthanide-based nanoparticles has made tremendous progress. Now, nanoparticles are routinely being made with a good control over size, crystal phase and even shape. Despite the achievements, little attention is given to the fundamental physical chemistry aspects, such as crystal structure, architecture, cation exchange, etc. The results of the study on the crystal structures of LnF3 nanoparticles show that the middle GdF3 and EuF3 nanoparticles have two crystal phases, which has then been tuned by doping with La3+ ions. However, the required doping level is very different from the bulk. While the results for the bulk are well explained by thermodynamic calculations, kinetics is actually responsible for the results of the undoped and doped GdF3 and EuF3 nanoparticles. The attempt to make LnF3 core-shell nanoparticles led to the finding of cation exchange, a phenomenon that upon exposure of LnF3 nanoparticles to an aqueous solution containing Ln3+ ions, the Ln3+ ions in the nanoparticles are replaced by the Ln3+ ions in the solution. The consequence of the cation exchange is that LnF3 core-shell nanoparticles are unlikely to form in aqueous media using a core-shell synthesis procedure. It has also been verified that nanoparticles synthesized using an alloy procedure do not always have an alloy structure. This means that the core-shell and alloy structure of nanoparticles in the literature may not be true. The investigation of the architecture of nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous media is extended to those synthesized in organic media. The dopant ion distribution in NaGdF4 nanoparticles has been examined. It has been found that they don’t have the generally assumed statistical dopant distribution. Instead, they have a gradient structure with one type of Ln3+ ions more concentrated towards the center and the other type more concentrated towards the surface of the nanoparticles. With the understanding of these physical insights, lanthanide-based core-shell nanoparticles are prepared using the cation exchange. These core-shell nanoparticles containing a photoluminscent core and a paramagnetic shell are promising candidates for multimodal imaging. / Graduate
17

Síntese, caracterização, estudo espectroscópico e termoanalítico de complexos de picratos de terras raras (III) e aminoácidos / Synthesis, characterization, Thermal analysis and spectroscopic study of complexes of rare earth picrates (III) and amino acids

Martins, Tereza da Silva 25 November 2004 (has links)
O estudo envolvendo a interação entre picratos de terras raras (III) hidratados e aminoácidos é reportado no presente trabalho. Este estudo consiste na preparação dos compostos de adição entre esses sais e os aminoácidos Larginina (Arg), L-lisina (Lys) e L-Ieucina (Leu), bem como a caracterização dos mesmos utilizando várias técnicas físico-químicas e analíticas. Os compostos foram preparados na relação molar 1:2 entre os respectivos sais hidratados e os ligantes (Arg, Lys e Leu) utilizando rotas de sínteses específicas para cada um desses aminoácidos. Os compostos obtidos são sólidos pouco cristalinos e higroscópicos. Os compostos com Arg e Lys são aparentemente, parcialmente solúveis em água e insolúveis em etanol, metanol, acetonitrila e nitrometano. Os compostos com Leu são aparentemente, solúveis em água, acetona, etanol, metanol, nitrometano, parcialmente solúveis em acetonitrila e comportam-se como não-eletrólitos em soluções de acetona e nitrometano. As fórmulas gerais dos compostos foram propostas tomando-se como base os teores de terras raras obtidos por análise complexométrica com EDTA e termogravimetria, dos teores de água também obtidos por termogravimetria, além dos teores de C, N e H obtidos por análise elementar. Através da combinação desses resultados foi possível sugerir as seguintes fórmulas gerais: TR(pic)32AA.2H2O e TR(pic)32Leu.5H2O (TR = La - Lu e Y, pic = picrato, AA = Arg e Lys). Em todos os compostos, os aminoácidos estão coordenados aos íons terras raras através do átomo de nitrogênio do grupo amino do carbono α e os picratos, pelos menos em parte, estão coordenados de forma bidentada, através do átomo de oxigênio do grupo fenólico e um átomo de oxigênio de um dos grupos orto-nitro, conforme evidenciado por espectros de absorção no infravermelho. Todos os compostos de lisina são isomorfos entre si. Os compostos TR(pic)3.2Arg.2H2O (TR = La - Nd e Gd - Lu) formam uma série isomorfa, porém os compostos TR(pic)32Arg.2H2O (TR = Sm, Eu e Y) não pertencem a série citada e também não são isomorfos entre si. Os compostos de leucina formam três séries isomorfas. A primeira série corresponde aos compostos dos elementos La - Nd, a segunda Tb e Gd e a terceira Ho - Lu e Y. Os compostos de Sm, Eu e Dy não pertencem as séries citadas e também não são isomorfos entre si. Através dos parâmetros obtidos dos espectros de absorção na região do visível dos compostos de neodímio, foi verificado que as ligações metais-ligantes são de baixo caráter covalente. Os compostos de európio apresentam luminescência à temperatura ambiente e 77 K, já os compostos com térbio não mostram luminescência devido a seu estado emissor estar acima do estado tripleto do ligante, sendo este determinado utilizando o espectro de fosforescência do picrato, no complexo de gadolínio. As características espectrais e o comportamento biexponencial dos compostos de európio mostram que existe a presença de mais de um ambiente químico ao redor do íon Eu3+, ou seja, os compostos podem formar estruturas poliméricas. A estabilidade e o comportamento térmico dos compostos foram estudados por meio das técnicas de termogravimetrialtermogravimetria derivada (TG/DTG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). A estabilidade térmica dos compostos dentro de cada série é semelhante e comparando os compostos com os três aminoácidos, verifica-se que os compostos com o aminoácido Lys são os mais estáveis e os com Arg os menos estáveis. A decomposição térmica dos compostos com os três aminoácidos é distinta, porém dentro de cada série o processo ocorre de forma similar. Através das curvas termogravimétricas, além de informações quanto à estabilidade e os processos de decomposição térmica, foi possível também determinar a quantidade de moléculas de água, bem como as percentagens dos íons terras raras. / A study involving the interaction of rare-earth (III) hydrated picrates and amino acids is reported in this work. The addition compounds with L-arginine (Arg), L-Iysine (Lys) and L-Ieucine (Leu) were prepared and characterized by severaI common techniques. The compounds were prepared in the molar ratio 1:2 (hydrated salts: ligands, Arg, Lys and Leu) using specific synthetic routes for each amino acid. The Arg and Lys complexes are partially soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol, methanol,acetonitrile and nitromethane. The Leu complexes are soluble in water, acetone, ethanol, methanol and nitromethane; they are partially soluble in acetonitrile and they are non-electrolytes in acetone and nitromethane. The general formulae for the complexes, determined by EOTA titrations, elemental analyses and thermogravimetry, are RE(pic) 3.2AA.2H2O and RE(pic) 3.2Leu.5H2) (RE =La-Lu and Y, pic =picrate, AA =Arg and Lys). In all compounds, the amino acids are bonded to RE(III) ions through the αaminogroup nitrogen atom and picrates, at least partially, are coordinated as bidentate ligands, through the phenoxy oxygen and one o-nitrogroup oxygen atom, as evidenced by IR absorption spectra. The Arg and Lys complexes display only one isomorphous series, but the Leu compounds present three isomorphous series. Parameters obtained from visible absorption spectra of the Nd complexes indicate that ligand-metal bonds are weakly covalent. Eu complexes are luminescent, both at room temperature and at 77K. Tb complexes are not luminescent, since their upper emitting state is above the Iigand\'s triplet state. The position of this state was determined by the picrate phosphorescence spectra of the Gd compound. Spectral characteristics, as well as the biexponential decay of Eu luminescence suggest that there is more than one coordination environment around the Eu(III) ion and that these complexes have polymeric structures. The stability and thermal behavior of these compounds were studied by thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the three series of complexes thermal stability is similar, but the Lys complexes are the most stable and the Arg complexes the least stable ones. Thermal decompositions differ, but in each series the decomposition is similar. From TG curves it was possible also to determine water contents and the RE percent compositions.
18

Síntese, caracterização, estudo espectroscópico e termoanalítico de complexos de picratos de terras raras (III) e aminoácidos / Synthesis, characterization, Thermal analysis and spectroscopic study of complexes of rare earth picrates (III) and amino acids

Tereza da Silva Martins 25 November 2004 (has links)
O estudo envolvendo a interação entre picratos de terras raras (III) hidratados e aminoácidos é reportado no presente trabalho. Este estudo consiste na preparação dos compostos de adição entre esses sais e os aminoácidos Larginina (Arg), L-lisina (Lys) e L-Ieucina (Leu), bem como a caracterização dos mesmos utilizando várias técnicas físico-químicas e analíticas. Os compostos foram preparados na relação molar 1:2 entre os respectivos sais hidratados e os ligantes (Arg, Lys e Leu) utilizando rotas de sínteses específicas para cada um desses aminoácidos. Os compostos obtidos são sólidos pouco cristalinos e higroscópicos. Os compostos com Arg e Lys são aparentemente, parcialmente solúveis em água e insolúveis em etanol, metanol, acetonitrila e nitrometano. Os compostos com Leu são aparentemente, solúveis em água, acetona, etanol, metanol, nitrometano, parcialmente solúveis em acetonitrila e comportam-se como não-eletrólitos em soluções de acetona e nitrometano. As fórmulas gerais dos compostos foram propostas tomando-se como base os teores de terras raras obtidos por análise complexométrica com EDTA e termogravimetria, dos teores de água também obtidos por termogravimetria, além dos teores de C, N e H obtidos por análise elementar. Através da combinação desses resultados foi possível sugerir as seguintes fórmulas gerais: TR(pic)32AA.2H2O e TR(pic)32Leu.5H2O (TR = La - Lu e Y, pic = picrato, AA = Arg e Lys). Em todos os compostos, os aminoácidos estão coordenados aos íons terras raras através do átomo de nitrogênio do grupo amino do carbono α e os picratos, pelos menos em parte, estão coordenados de forma bidentada, através do átomo de oxigênio do grupo fenólico e um átomo de oxigênio de um dos grupos orto-nitro, conforme evidenciado por espectros de absorção no infravermelho. Todos os compostos de lisina são isomorfos entre si. Os compostos TR(pic)3.2Arg.2H2O (TR = La - Nd e Gd - Lu) formam uma série isomorfa, porém os compostos TR(pic)32Arg.2H2O (TR = Sm, Eu e Y) não pertencem a série citada e também não são isomorfos entre si. Os compostos de leucina formam três séries isomorfas. A primeira série corresponde aos compostos dos elementos La - Nd, a segunda Tb e Gd e a terceira Ho - Lu e Y. Os compostos de Sm, Eu e Dy não pertencem as séries citadas e também não são isomorfos entre si. Através dos parâmetros obtidos dos espectros de absorção na região do visível dos compostos de neodímio, foi verificado que as ligações metais-ligantes são de baixo caráter covalente. Os compostos de európio apresentam luminescência à temperatura ambiente e 77 K, já os compostos com térbio não mostram luminescência devido a seu estado emissor estar acima do estado tripleto do ligante, sendo este determinado utilizando o espectro de fosforescência do picrato, no complexo de gadolínio. As características espectrais e o comportamento biexponencial dos compostos de európio mostram que existe a presença de mais de um ambiente químico ao redor do íon Eu3+, ou seja, os compostos podem formar estruturas poliméricas. A estabilidade e o comportamento térmico dos compostos foram estudados por meio das técnicas de termogravimetrialtermogravimetria derivada (TG/DTG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). A estabilidade térmica dos compostos dentro de cada série é semelhante e comparando os compostos com os três aminoácidos, verifica-se que os compostos com o aminoácido Lys são os mais estáveis e os com Arg os menos estáveis. A decomposição térmica dos compostos com os três aminoácidos é distinta, porém dentro de cada série o processo ocorre de forma similar. Através das curvas termogravimétricas, além de informações quanto à estabilidade e os processos de decomposição térmica, foi possível também determinar a quantidade de moléculas de água, bem como as percentagens dos íons terras raras. / A study involving the interaction of rare-earth (III) hydrated picrates and amino acids is reported in this work. The addition compounds with L-arginine (Arg), L-Iysine (Lys) and L-Ieucine (Leu) were prepared and characterized by severaI common techniques. The compounds were prepared in the molar ratio 1:2 (hydrated salts: ligands, Arg, Lys and Leu) using specific synthetic routes for each amino acid. The Arg and Lys complexes are partially soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol, methanol,acetonitrile and nitromethane. The Leu complexes are soluble in water, acetone, ethanol, methanol and nitromethane; they are partially soluble in acetonitrile and they are non-electrolytes in acetone and nitromethane. The general formulae for the complexes, determined by EOTA titrations, elemental analyses and thermogravimetry, are RE(pic) 3.2AA.2H2O and RE(pic) 3.2Leu.5H2) (RE =La-Lu and Y, pic =picrate, AA =Arg and Lys). In all compounds, the amino acids are bonded to RE(III) ions through the αaminogroup nitrogen atom and picrates, at least partially, are coordinated as bidentate ligands, through the phenoxy oxygen and one o-nitrogroup oxygen atom, as evidenced by IR absorption spectra. The Arg and Lys complexes display only one isomorphous series, but the Leu compounds present three isomorphous series. Parameters obtained from visible absorption spectra of the Nd complexes indicate that ligand-metal bonds are weakly covalent. Eu complexes are luminescent, both at room temperature and at 77K. Tb complexes are not luminescent, since their upper emitting state is above the Iigand\'s triplet state. The position of this state was determined by the picrate phosphorescence spectra of the Gd compound. Spectral characteristics, as well as the biexponential decay of Eu luminescence suggest that there is more than one coordination environment around the Eu(III) ion and that these complexes have polymeric structures. The stability and thermal behavior of these compounds were studied by thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the three series of complexes thermal stability is similar, but the Lys complexes are the most stable and the Arg complexes the least stable ones. Thermal decompositions differ, but in each series the decomposition is similar. From TG curves it was possible also to determine water contents and the RE percent compositions.
19

Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Studies of Porphyrin and N-Confused Porphyrin Derivatives and Self-assembled Nano-Morphologies

Acharya, Rajendra 19 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
20

Homoatomic cations: From [P₅]⁺ to [P₉]⁺

Frötschel-Rittmeyer, Julia, Holthausen, Michael, Friedmann, Christian, Röhner, David, Krossing, Ingo, Weigand, Jan J. 04 April 2024 (has links)
Recent synthetic approaches to a series of [P₉]X salts (X = [F{Al(ORꜰ)₃}₂], [Al(ORꜰ)₄], and (Rꜰ = C(CF₃)₃); Ga₂Cl₇) overcome limitations in classical synthesis methods that proved unsuitable for phosphorus cations. These salts contain the homopolyatomic cation [P₉]⁺ via (I) oxidation of P₄ with NO[F{Al(ORꜰ)₃}₂], (II) the arene-stabilized Co(I) sandwich complex [Co(arene)₂][Al(ORꜰ)₄] [arene = ortho-difluorobenzene (o-DFB) and fluorobenzene (FB)], or (III) the reduction of [P₅Cl₂][Ga₂Cl₇] with Ga[Ga₂Cl₇] as Ga(I) source in the presence of P₄. Quantum chemical CCSD(T) calculations suggest that [P₉]⁺ formation from [Co(arene)2]⁺ occurs via the nido-type cluster [(o-DFB)CoP₄]⁺, which resembles the isoelectronic, elusive [P₅]⁺. Apparently, the nido-cation [P₅]⁺ forms intermediately in all reactions, particularly during the Ga(I)-induced reduction of [P₅Cl₂]⁺ and the subsequent pick up of P₄ to yield the final salt [P₉][Ga₂Cl₇]. The solid-state structure of [P₉][Ga₂Cl₇] reveals the anticipated D₂d-symmetric Zintl-type cage for the [P₉]⁺ cation. Our approaches show great potential to bring other [Pn]⁺ cations from the gas to the condensed phase.

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