We are two students at Malmö Högskola, writing our final essay for obtain our teacher diplomas. On our partner schools, we have been facing but little information about how to invite the parents to collaborate with the school. Our thought is that the schoolwork is favorable to the pupils if both school and home are working together side by side. Therefore, we decided to dig deeper into this matter of how one particular school is working with parental collaboration, to be able to see if their method is useful.This particular school is offering studies in a course form so called family class. Here the pupils can get extra help from remedial teachers and their parents are also invited. At these lessons the parents are helping their child side by side with the teachers. We want to look further how this school actually works, whether this way of working is favorable or has a restraining influence on the pupil's education- with focus on a teacher´s perspective. The title “Parental collaboration- how to invite” is a result of our investigation of one school´s family classes. We have been interviewing teachers that are mentors for pupils in the family class, the pupils taking the course and also the responsible remedial teachers giving the course. The purpose of this research is to make a survey of theirs ideas about the school´s method and how the school operates in the relation between home and school. Our aim of making this survey is to point out the prosperity of terms in joint action, which are favorable to pupil´s education. We have been interviewing the mentors and the remedial teachers, but also handed out questionnaires to the students and their parents taking the family class course. The results from our survey has then been compared to a study done by Eriksson (2009), in order to see how the participants are perceiving this experience and what they think about this method. All the results that we have evaluated has then been presented and analyzed, for showing what terms that stand for prosperity in joint action. Finally, in our close-up we have developed our analyses further in an over-all discussion whether this method contributes something like gained collaboration between home and school - or not

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of water and sanitation service delivery in resource-limited settings using two different social theories (modernization and world system). Understanding that barriers to effectiveness are rooted in global structures that tend to present at local levels helps redefine the problem leading to comprehensive policies and practices. The guiding research questions included an identification of an effectiveness gap in services delivered in developed countries compared to those in developing countries. This study included a survey of water and sanitation professionals gauging their opinions on trends within the sector. Survey respondents demonstrated that the sector tends to align with localized (i.e. modernist) approaches. This may explain the perpetuation of differential patterns in water and sanitation access and associated diseases and deaths in developing countries. Through a case study of Partners In Health (PIH), a medical-oriented non-governmental organization used as a proxy for water and sanitation organizations, this work illustrated why personal and organizational philosophies and perspectives influence how we organize and act. It concludes with a discussion of engineering decision making through the lenses offered by modernization and world system theories; presents an organizational structure that allows organizations to overcome theoretical and geographic boundaries; and offers a set of recommendations learned from PIH and those the sector does well. This research shows how water and sanitation organizations, practices, and policies that consider local and global forces are more effective at delivering services in developing countries than those focusing solely on local forces. / Ph. D.