This report presents research into policy implications in the Hex River Valley in the Western Cape Province. The research aims to understand how key policy interventions introduced by the democratic national government have performed over the past 20 years in this specific geographic area. The policy examined relate specifically to of agriculture, labour, housing, land reform, black economic empowerment, and substance abuse. The findings show mixed results. Some policy has gone a long way in improving the lives of people in the valley. In other instances it has been woefully inadequate. Often, policy is simply unable to keep up with the changing landscape and the new problems that continue to develop. All the while the table grape industry at the heart of this settlement has proved to be incredibly flexible in adapting. This report consists of two sections. The first is a long-form journalistic piece presenting the research and its findings in a narrative writing style which is intended to engage the reader. The second section is the scholarly methods document sets out the academic research supporting this work. It also analyses on the manner in which the research was conducted and the reasons therefore. / GR2017

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-18T13:52:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE VERSÃO FINAL (1).pdf: 1652142 bytes, checksum: 8cfa7d7aa0a1bb490bcc59124133eeba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T13:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE VERSÃO FINAL (1).pdf: 1652142 bytes, checksum: 8cfa7d7aa0a1bb490bcc59124133eeba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-17 / CETENE / Frutas são ricas em vitaminas, minerais, fibras e outros compostos que trazem benefícios à saúde. O conhecimento desses benefícios tem proporcionado aumento no consumo nos últimos anos, pois, além do interesse em fitoconstituintes os consumidores têm buscado produtos de elevada qualidade e seguros para o consumo. Devido à alta perecibilidade da matéria-prima e às falhas ocorridas nas diferentes fases da cadeia pós-colheita, grande parte dos vegetais produzidos no Brasil são desperdiçados. Dentre os diversos fatores envolvidos as doenças ocasionadas por fungos fitopatógenos se destacam. O controle de doenças fúngicas pós-colheita é comumente realizado através da aplicação de fungicidas, de elevado custo de produção e apresentados como ameaça à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente. Tendo em vista a problemática apresentada, no presente estudo foi avaliada a eficácia de revestimentos elaborados com quitosana (QUI) e óleos essenciais de Mentha piperita L. (MPOE) ou Mentha x villosa Huds (MVOE) como alternativa para o controle de infecções causadas pelos fungos Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum e Rhizopus stolonifer em tomates cereja e uvas de mesa durante o armazenamento em temperatura ambiente e em baixas temperaturas. A quitosana foi obtida da carapaça do camarão Litopenaus vannamei, em meio alcalino. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por arraste de vapor. Para o preparo do revestimento, o polímero de quitosana foi diluído em ácido acético sob agitação por 6 horas, seguido da adição do óleo e agitação por mais 18 horas em presença de glicerol como agente dispersante. As Concentrações Inibitórias Mínima da quitosana e de cada óleo foram determinadas por meio da macrodiluição em caldo. Os efeitos dos revestimentos sobre as características fúngicas (crescimento micelial radial e germinação espórica), físico-químicas (perda de peso, firmeza, cor, acidez e sólidos solúveis) e sensoriais (aceitação e intenção de compra) dos frutos durante a armazenagem também foram avaliados. A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de QUI contra todos os fungos-teste foi de 8 mg / mL, ao passo que a CIM para ambos MPOE e MVOE foi de 5 μL / mL. Combinações de QUI (8 e 4 mg/mL) e MPOE (QUI-MPOE) ou (QUI-MVOE) (5, 2,5 e 1,25 μL/mL) inibiu fortemente a germinação de esporos e o crescimento micelial dos fungos estudados. Os revestimentos compostos de QUI-MPOE ou QUI-MVOE retardaram o crescimento dos fungos causadores de mofos ensaiados em frutos artificialmente infectados durante a armazenagem em temperatura ambiente (12 dias) ou em baixa temperatura (24 dias). Os revestimentos ensaiados também preservaram a qualidade de frutos de tomate cereja e uvas de mesa durante a armazenagem, em termos de características físico-químicas e sensoriais. Nas uvas de mesa, houve uma melhoria nos valores de firmeza, cor L* e cor h* indicando frutos mais brilhosos e um possível retardo no desenvolvimento do "browning" das uvas revestidas com QUI-MPOE ou QUI-MVOE em relação aos frutos controle. Estes resultados indicam que os revestimentos que compreendem CHI-MPOE ou CHI-MVOE, apresentam-se como alternativa promissora para inibir a infecção de fungos pós-colheita em tomate cereja e uvas de mesa durante o armazenamento sem afetar a qualidade desses frutos. / Fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber and other compounds that provide health benefits. Knowledge of these benefits has provided an increase in vegetable consumption in recent years because in addition to the interest in phytochemicals that benefit the health and nutritional value, consumers have sought high quality products and safe for consumption. Due to the high perishability of the raw material and the failures occurred in different stages of post-harvest chain, most of the vegetables produced in Brazil are wasted. Among the many factors involved diseases caused by fungi pathogens in fruits stand out, they result in significant economic losses. Control of post-harvest fungal diseases commonly is achieved through the application of fungicides, increase the cost of production and presented to public health and the environment. In view of the problems presented, in the present study we evaluated the efficacy comprising shrimp chitosan (CHI) and Mentha piperita L. (MPEO) or Mentha x villosa Huds (MVEO) essential oils as an alternative for the control mold infections caused by Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Rhizopus stolonifer of cherry tomatoes and table grapes during storage at room temperature and low temperatures. Chitosan was obtained from the shell of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in alkaline medium. The essential oils were obtained by vapor dragging. To prepare the coating, the polymer chitosan was diluted acetic acid with stirring for 6 hours, followed by addition of the oil and shaken for 18 more hours in the presence of glycerol as a dispersing agent. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in chitosan and each oil were determined by the broth macrodilution. The effects of the coatings on the fungal characteristics (radial mycelial growth and esporic germination), physico-chemical (weight loss, firmness, color, acidity and soluble solids) and sensory (acceptance and purchase intention) of the fruit during storage were also evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHI against all the test fungi were 8 mg / mL, whereas the MIC for both MPOE and MVOE was 5 uL / mL. Combinations CHI (8 and 4 mg / mL) and MPOE (CHI-MPOE) or (CHI-MVOE) (5, 2.5 and 1.25 uL / mL) strongly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of of target fungi. The coatings comprising CHI-MPEO or CHI-MVEO delayed the growth of mold-causing fungi in artificially infected fruits during storage at either room (12 days) or low temperatures (24 days). The assayed coatings preserved the quality of cherry tomato fruits and table grapes during storage, in terms of physical, physicochemical and sensory attributes. In table grapes, there was an improvement in the firmness values, color L * and h * color indicating more glossy fruit and a possible delay in the development of "browning" of grapes coated with CHI-CHI-MPOE or MVOE compared to control fruits. These results indicate that coatings comprising CHI-MPEO or CHI-MVEO represent promising post-harvest treatments to inhibit common postharvest mold infections in cherry tomato fruits and in table grapes during storage without affecting the quality of these fruits.