This diploma work consists of the study of chosen species of vegetables of an Asian origin. The focus is put on the technology of growing these vegetables and also on their nutritive qualities. Three species of pigweed (Amaranthus sp L.), two species of asparagus lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana L. H. Bailey), indian lettuce (Lactuca indica L.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), jewels of opar (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.) a sweet corn (Zea mays L.) were included in the experiment. The evaluation of growth and profit parameters was made and furthermore, the evaluation of important content elements such as the Vitamin C, antioxidation capacity, the content of minerals et cetera. The experiment was carried out in the area of Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice in 2014. Based on the results of the experiment the differences between the growth demands of each vegetable species were recognized, as well as the differences of the content elements of each species. As all species were successfully cultivated, we can claim that these types of vegetables are capable of acclimatizing to the conditions of the Czech Republic. Regarding their content they are diverse species with a wide utilization. pigweed, asparagus lettuce and common purslane in particular, have proved to be perspective species of vegetables with an easy growing method and wide nutritive values.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O uso de plantas para a cura de males é um conhecimento milenar, sendo constituinte importante para a formação das bases da medicina atual. Atualmente 25% de todas as drogas mais prescritas no mudo advêm de plantas e o mercado chega a dois bilhões de dólares. As pesquisas na área de produtos naturais dependem da integração de diversas áreas, sendo, portanto multidisciplinar. As principais áreas envolvidas são a botânica, a química, farmacologia incluindo a toxicologia, bem como o emprego de avançadas técnicas analíticas. Em decorrência dessa integração surgiu a análise elementar em plantas como alvo de pesquisas pelo mundo, já que muitos desses elementos químicos participam dos constituintes ativos responsáveis pelas propriedades curativas. Estes constituintes ativos, em sua maior parte advêm do metabolismo secundário das plantas e são chamados de metabólitos secundários. Assim buscar relações entre a composição química elementar e os produtos de metabolismo secundário é etapa fundamental na compreensão das ações terapêuticas e curativas das plantas. Neste contexto a planta Talinum patens da família portulacaceae é utilizada pela cultura popular no tratamento de feridas e cortes, problemas gastrintestinais, edemas, coceiras, fadigas e cansaço mental. As folhas são utilizadas como hortaliças em alimentação humana. Com o objetivo de contribuir na elucidação das relações entre composição química elementar e metabólitos secundários da planta Talinum patens, realizou-se prospecção fitoquímica e análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental de amostras in-natura e amostras de extratos preparados com solventes de polaridade crescente. Os resultados mostraram tendência de concentração de certos elementos químicos em determinados extratos em detrimento de outros, evidenciando que a composição química elementar encontra-se interagida ou ligada a diferentes moléculas extraídas. Foi possível ainda avaliar as contribuições nutricionais das formas populares de uso e os resultados sugerem estudos epidemiológicos. / The use of plants for many diseases treatment is a millenary knowledge. These are the great importance for the formation of actual medicine bases. Actually, more than 25 % of the all drugs prescribed in the world are obtained from plants. The medicinal plants and other vegetable materials market reach to around two billions dollars. The researches of natural products depend on different scientific areas integration, therefore with multidisciplinary aspects. The mainly areas involved in these researches are botany, chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. In all cases are necessary the use of advanced analytical techniques. From the integration of these different areas appears the use of elemental analysis to determine the presence of some inorganic elements other than hydrogen, carbon and oxygen in plants. This analyze became a target of many researches because chemical elements are components of biologically active compounds, including those with curative properties. The bigger part of these active compounds, called secondary metabolites, is derived from the secondary plant metabolism. Than, search relations between chemical element composition and secondary metabolites represents fundamental step to understand the therapeutic actions of curative plants. Inserted in these context, Talinum patens of the Portulacaceae family is popularly used by the Patos de Minas peoples, for the cuts and wounds treatment, gastrointestinal problems, edemas, body and mental fatigue. The leaves of this plant are used in salads in human nutrition. To contribute for the relationships between elemental composition and secondary metabolites, the T. patens was submitted to phytochemical and elemental analyses. The phytochemical studies employed extraction methods using solvent of different polarity as well as chromatographic techniques. For the elemental analyses was used instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The results showed a chemical elemental concentration tendency in some extract relatively to others. The data obtained demonstrated that elemental chemicals are included in the structure of molecules encountered in the extracts. It was possible evaluate the nutrition contributions for the popular use forms. The results suggests a realization of epidemiological study to verify the real nutrition contribution and/or undesirable effects of Talinum patens.