This dissertation consists of three chapters discussing the effects of changing trade barriers for Canadian firms and a final chapter investigating hazardous waste trade, one of the important environmental issues in international business. The first three chapters use simple theoretical structures and firm level data to examine the evolution of Canadian manufacturing following the tariff changes imposed by the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement. Chapter one considers the influence of falling tariffs on firm survival, chapter two investigates how trade liberalization effects firm growth in terms of size and productivity, and the third chapter considers the implication o f falling trade barriers for firm financial structure. The fourth chapter diverges from the first three to explore the determinants of international shipments in hazardous waste using a gravity model with factor endowment conditions and waste trade data from 89 countries.

The sharp decline of tariff trade barriers has been one of the achievements of the world trading system. However, the reduction in tariffs has exposed the many non-tariff barriers that remain. As tariffs continue to fall, there seems to be a corresponding reliance on SPS measures as a source of protection for domestic producers. This underscores the need for a legal framework that can address the fundamental issue of whether a measure validly exists to protect consumers or is merely a 'sham' to protect domestic producers. This thesis argues that the protectionist use of SPS measures undermines the promised benefits of agricultural trade liberalization. Developing countries face numerous problems with regard to SPS measures. This thesis examines these problems and argues that there is a need to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to establish and implement SPS measures; meet the SPS requirements of trade partners; and participate fully in the work of standard setting organizations in the establishment of international standards, guidelines and recommendations. In addition, despite the proposed reductions in tariff barriers stipulated in the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, a lot remains to be done to fully liberalize trade in agriculture. Several issues still need to be addressed in order to enable developing countries to reap the benefits of trade liberalization in agriculture. These issues include market access, domestic and export support, food security and special and differential treatment.

No description available.

由於關稅調升是一個具普遍性且常見於世界各地的關稅結構現象，以及海洋漁業資源蘊藏量日益耗竭亦為一個具有急迫性的國際性重要議題，同時又經由觀察得知上述二者之間具有顯著關聯性但至今尚無任何人從事研究過，因此本文建立一個四階段賽局模型，勾勒出一個兼具有簡單貿易模型以及漁場資源模型的架構，在僅有出口國漁民得以在漁場進行漁撈作業的假設之下，探討進口國政府在制訂不同的關稅級距之時，對該國的社會福利水準影響性以及對漁場之資源蘊藏量的影響性分別為何。此外，亦在給定範圍內的最適均衡狀態之下，探討當漁場的外生漁業生物、經濟參數變動時，對進口國的福利水準衝擊性分別為何。 由本文研究得知，當進口國政府所訂定的關稅級距增加時，該國福利水準變化情形將會先遞增至最高點後才逐步遞減，所以在追求進口國福利水準極大化的前提下將可求得最適關稅級距。其次，當進口國政府所制訂的關稅級距增加時，將形成漁場之魚生物資源存量逐漸增加，於此得知，關稅級距增加將會造成海洋生物資源蘊藏量提升之保育效果。再著，能使進口國福利水準達到極大化的最適關稅級距與可使漁業海洋資源保育效果達到極大化的關稅級距其兩者並不相同。因此，當進口國政府欲訂定出最適關稅級距時，需要權衡考量該國福利水準極大化與海洋生物資源蘊藏量之保育，其二者之間的取捨。所以，進口國政府應該如何選擇關稅級距，須端視該國政策目標而定。最後，當漁場的外生漁業參數如內生成長率、環境承載量以及捕獲係數增加時，將使進口國福利水準增加，此三項參數與進口國福利水準之間的關聯性為正相關；然而當漁獲努力投入量的單位成本增加時，將造成進口國福利水準降低，其二者的關聯性則為負相關。

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-160) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-269).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 154-160) Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1929. / Vita. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [185]-189.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1929. / Vita. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [185]-189.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1942. / Reproduced from type-written copy. "This study ... is part of a projected full length biography of David A. Wells."--Pref. Vita. Bibliography: p. [317]-330.