168 f. / Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-24T15:44:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLER COSTA NETO.pdf: 854224 bytes, checksum: b7704e8b26080fb1e27a62dcc3aa02db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura(anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-24T15:45:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLER COSTA NETO.pdf: 854224 bytes, checksum: b7704e8b26080fb1e27a62dcc3aa02db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T15:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WILLER COSTA NETO.pdf: 854224 bytes, checksum: b7704e8b26080fb1e27a62dcc3aa02db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Essa dissertação buscou demonstrar a importância do respeito à finalidade constitucionalmente qualificada de alguns tributos e da efetiva destinação do produto da arrecadação tributária das contribuições especiais e empréstimos compulsórios para os fins previstos na Constituição. Buscou-se, pois, por meio do estudo do conceito de relação jurídico-tributária, da análise da estrutura da norma jurídica tributária, do estudo da competência tributária e dos modelos de validação normativa extraídos da Constituição, refutar também a possibilidade do desvio de finalidade e da desafetação do produto da arrecadação dos tributos finalísticos, bem como demonstrar que o sujeito passivo da obrigação tributária das referidas exações possui legítimo interesse na legalidade da execução dos gastos cujas receitas são constitucionalmente afetadas a determinados fins. / Salvador

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O fenômeno da globalização vivido nas últimas décadas acirrou a competitividade no mundo e aumentou a importância do marketing para as empresas. Considerando que as estratégias empresarias precisam estar refletidas na decisão das variáveis ditas controláveis de marketing (Produto, Preço, Promoção e Praça), destaca-se a variável preço por sua relevância como elemento estratégico e por ser a única das variáveis geradora de receita. Independente da abordagem de precificação, sendo as principais voltadas para o cliente, para o mercado e de custos, verificam-se distinções importantes no que se refere à precificação de bens ou serviços. Além das diferenças mais evidentes, como a intangibilidade dos serviços, que dificulta a mensuração do custo, chamam a atenção os fatores que são agregados ao preço durante a etapa de produção. Em especial, destacam-se os impostos, por sua relevância no preço final pago pelo consumidor. Levando em consideração que o Brasil utiliza o método de \"impostos em cascata\" e a Itália, como membro da União Europeia, utiliza o IVA (Imposto sobre valor agregado), é importante saber como isso altera o preço final. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica abordando os conceitos de preço e as diferentes abordagens de precificação no que se refere a serviços ou bens e o impacto dos impostos no preço final ao consumidor no Brasil e na Itália. Após a revisão da literatura, realizou-se um estudo exploratório qualitativo internacional por meio de entrevistas em profundidade que seguiram um protocolo previamente estabelecido. Os entrevistados selecionados são profissionais que atuam ou já atuaram diretamente nas áreas de precificação das empresas pesquisadas. Após análises do que foi coletado nas entrevistas, concluiu-se que apesar das diversas abordagens de precificação que este trabalho apresentou e das interações entre elas, ainda não existe um modelo que seja adequado a todos os casos e todos os cenários, em especial quando se trata de serviços. Além disso, a distinção entre os modelos de tributação brasileiro italiano faz dessa componente mais um fator que torna a precificação no Brasil ainda mais complexa, mostrando que o impacto dos impostos na determinação de preços no Brasil é muito maior do que na Itália. / The globalization phenomenon experienced in recent decades has increased competitiveness and the importance of marketing for companies around the world. Considering that business strategies need to be reflected in the decision of marketing controllable variables (Product, Price, Promotion and Square), the price variable stands out due to relevance as a strategic element and because it is the only variable that generates revenue. Regardless of the pricing approach, either focused on the customer, the market or the cost, there are important distinctions regarding the pricing of goods or services. In addition to the more obvious differences, such as the intangibility of services, which makes it difficult to measure costs, more attention is drawn to the factors that are added to price during the production stages. In particular, taxes stand out because of their relevance in the final price paid by the consumer. Taking into account that Brazil uses a \"cascading taxes\" method and Italy, as a member of the European Union, uses VAT (value added tax), it is important to know how this affects the final price. Thus, a theoretical review addressing the concepts of price and the different pricing approaches regarding services or goodsand the impact of taxes on the final consumer price in Brazil and in Italy was performed. After reviewing the literature, an international qualitative exploratory study through in-depth interviews that follow a previously established protocol was conducted. The selected interviewees are professionals who work or have already worked directly in pricing of the companies participating in the study. After the analysis of the interviews, it is concluded that despite the various pricing approaches that this work presented and the interactions between them, there is still no model that is adequate for all cases and all scenarios, especially when it comes to services. Moreover, the distinction between the Brazilian and Italian taxation models makes this component one more factor that makes pricing even more complex in Brazil, showing that the impact of taxes over pricing in Brazil is much more important than in Italy.

M.Comm. ( Accounting) / Globally, the temperature is rising and some of the consequences are starting to show. This effect is known as global warming. The issue of global warming and environmental pollution is more serious than people realise as it is the starting point of potentially catastrophic events to come. The implementation of global emission reductions is imperative in order to prevent further global warming. All countries should be actively involved in the prevention of further global warming and the reduction of pollution. With the use of a comparative analysis of various environmental taxes internationally, the countries with established environmental tax frameworks can be used as a basis for the development of effective environmental tax frameworks in developing countries. This will ensure that developed as well as developing countries will be held accountable for their emissions and hopefully will make efforts to reduce their emissions. South Africa has very few environmental tax policies and the existing acts are not sufficient to ensure the effective reduction and management of its emissions. Successful environmental tax policies are those that are economically viable and easy to implement. This is achieved through successful implementation by the tax authorities as well as the taxpayers’ cooperation and acknowledgement of these policies.

Tourism - concept and history. Turism market in Czech Republic. Charakteristics of tour as a main tour operator's product. Legal regulations in turism business. Accounting in tour operators and travel agencies. Special regulation of value added tax in the field of tourism.

This essay is focused on redistribution of wealth in Czech republic. The essay explained the role of public finance, state budget, tax system, social security and public health insurance. The goal is to analyze revenues and expenses of employees and self-employed.

The aim of this thesis is to describe financial accounting in existing advertising agency, which has to report financial information to parent company placed in USA. The parent company use the US GAAP principles and prepares consolidated financial statements for all the comapnies in the group.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the tax system with a focus on value-added tax at the Central Region, which has become a VAT payer to 1.4.2009. The result is an analysis of the impact of this tax accounting, budget and management of the Central Region.

<p>This study examines whether taxpayers intentionally avoid IRS third-party reports. In 2017 an IRS amendment created an exogenous shock that impacted how third parties report gambling winnings to the IRS. In thoroughbred racing, this shock had a substantial impact on certain types of wagers. This paper considers how gamblers reallocated their money following the shock. Using a difference-in-differences research design that compares U.S. tracks to Canadian tracks, I find that gamblers increased their investment in wager types that had become less likely to trigger third-party reports by 27 percent. In the U.S., over $400 billion in tax revenue goes uncollected annually, largely due to unreported income. Third-party IRS reporting is considered the most effective way to reduce underreporting, but there is limited understanding of how taxpayers interact with third-party reporting rules. This paper provides evidence on this interaction, showing that taxpayers purposefully avoid third-party reports to facilitate tax evasion.</p>

This paper explores the implications of tax policy on the migration habits of the wealthiest of tax paying groups in certain U.S. states, and quantifies those implications for readers so they have a better understanding of how human behavior and tax systems interact. This is done so by examining the general phenomena of tax related migration as it manifests itself in specific real- world examples. As such, this paper projects the number of high-income taxpayers lost based on increases to the rates of personal income tax, and the associated tax dollar gains/losses (i.e. to what extent are top-tax bracket filers "voting with their feet"?). The paper provides calculations for three different rates of population sensitivity, and the corresponding numbers of lost tax payers in relation to a tax increase. The paper then goes on to show the diminishing returns of tax rate increases on top-tax bracket payers by calculating the amount of time needed for migration to completely offset the original gains from the high rate of taxation. The findings of this paper, which examine the states of New York, California, and Connecticut, conclude that these states will exhaust tax gains from a 5% income tax increases on top-tax bracket payers in the long term (46 - 142 years), and further concentrate their top-tax...