Située au carrefour de la didactique des langues et cultures et de la sociologie de l’éducation, cette thèse porte sur la gestion simultanée, par le professeur, des besoins et intérêts de chacun des apprenants ; à partir de l’observation de la réception enseignante des interventions négociatrices d’apprenants, on s’attache à définir les contours d’une « disposition » (propension) enseignante à satisfaire à la fois les besoins de l’individu qui parle et ceux de ses pairs. A ce titre, le présent travail propose d’apporter une contribution tant aux recherches portant sur les pratiques professionnelles enseignantes qu’aux études concernant l’acquisition des langues en apprentissage collectif. Le dialogisme bakhtinien, le socioconstructivisme vygotskien, le paradigme dispositionnaliste de Lahire, les théories de l’action conjointe développées par Filliettaz, et l’approche connexionniste de la pensée enseignante proposée par Tochon se trouvent entre autres utilisés tant au niveau théorique que méthodologique. A partir de l’analyse d’un corpus recueilli par vidéo au sein d’une classe de FLE pour migrants, en Greta, on observe la manière dont une enseignante s’affilie et se désaffilie des négociations individuelles d’apprenants qui surviennent en activité de « conversation didactique ». A l’aide des outils offerts par l’analyse des conversations, la microsociologie, la linguistique de l’interaction, la pragmatique psychosociale et l’analyse du discours, on décrit finement la régulation de la parole apprenante par l’enseignante (actes de valorisation de l’apprenant, d’encouragement à sa prise de parole ou de désengagement). Ces observations sont enrichies des commentaires que cette même enseignante effectue sur son propre agir, à travers des entretiens d’auto-confrontation et d’explicitation ; les verbalisations recueillies, porte d’accès à la fabrique de l’action enseignante, permettent de définir « la disposition à un agir collectif » comme un puissant critère d’affiliation ou de désaffiliation enseignante : les négociations individuelles d’apprenants sont évaluées par le professeur à la lumière de leur intérêt didactique et pédagogique pour le groupe. Cette disposition, qui amène l’enseignante à établir un lien transversal entre les propos des uns et le fil thématique en cours de co-construction, agit finalement en tant que « connexion fonctionnelle » sur laquelle repose en partie le fonctionnement improvisationnel des enseignants. / The following study discusses the ability of teachers to simultaneously deal with the needs and interests of every learner in the classroom. Through the observation of a teacher’s feedback moves to students’negotiations of meaning, we conducted an exploration of his or her disposition (tendency) to meet both the negotiator and his or her peers’ needs. As such, this study aims at contributing to the field of teaching professional practices and of second language acquisition. The theoretical framework of this study relies on the Bakhtinian dialogism, Vygoskian socioconstructivism, the paradigm of “dispositions” developed by Lahire, the theory of joint action developed by Filliettaz and the connectionist approach to teacher decisionmaking, which has been developed by Tochon. Through the analysis of video recorded data that have been collected during conversational activities in a French classroom for adult migrants, we provide an in-depth investigation of the teacher’s moves of affiliation and disaffiliation from learners’ individual negotiations. Conversation analysis, microsociology, linguistic interactionism, psychosocial pragmatics, and discourse analysis are integrated in the research methodology in order to provide an accurate description of a teacher’s regulation of learners talk (elicitation, incitation or disaffiliation). Stimulated recall methodology has also been used to complete the interaction analysis. The results demonstrate that the teacher’s affiliations to individual negotiations are made in the light of their pedagogical utility for the peers. It is therefore argued that the teacher’s tendency to link each learner’ needs and interests to his or her peers’serves as a powerful functional connection on which the teachers’ improvisational decision-making process during classroom interactions is mostly based.

This master thesis was developed within the Line of Research Education and Arts (LR4) from the Postgraduate Program in Education at Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) and is part of the research group FAPEM Formation, Action and Research in Musical Education of UFSM. The research had as overall objective to investigate the thinking of four music teachers, graduates from the Music Major Teaching degree of UFSM, in the constitution process of teaching with the recorder. As specific objectives, the study aimed at knowing what the music teachers think about the recorder teaching; understanding the meaning of this musical instrument in their lives and in their teaching practice; and reflecting upon the recorder teaching in the field of musical education. In order to do that, the theoretical framework was based on studies about teacher s thinking (PACHECO, 1995; BRAZ, 2006, 2007; MARUJO, 2004; BEINEKE, 2000; DEL BEN, 2001; among others) which allowed us to reflect upon the meanings and connections among thinking, memory and narrative in the interrelation between the teacher s thinking and doing towards the recorder. Metodologically, the research was held by the thematic oral history method (MEIHY, 2005; FREITAS, 2006), making use of procedures of data production and analysis, respectively, narrative interview (JOVCHELOVITCH; BAUER, 2008) and some strategies of grounded theory (CHARMAZ, 2009). Though this investigation, we were able to know the music teachers histories and their thinking, represented by some of their constructs, ideas, beliefs, knowledge, values, perspectives, etc., which are expressed in their memories-references (JOSSO, 2010) to teach the recorder. In this process, we realized that their thoughts are connected to ratio-affective factors (BAGGIO; OLIVEIRA, 2008) that permeate their experiences with this musical instrument in different moments of their lives, as both music students and teachers, who advance in and give meanings to their current pedagogic-musical practices. Finally, we have understood that these teacher s thinking, about the recorder teaching, constitutes an important dimension in each teacher s formative process, affecting and constituting them, because only in the relation between thinking and doing these professionals learn how to be music teachers with the recorder. / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida na Linha de Pesquisa Educação e Artes (LP4) do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) e vincula-se ao grupo de estudos e pesquisas FAPEM Formação, Ação e Pesquisa em Educação Musical da UFSM. A pesquisa teve o objetivo geral de investigar o pensamento de quatro professores de música, egressos do curso de Música - Licenciatura Plena da UFSM, no processo de constituição da docência com a flauta doce. Como objetivos específicos, buscou-se conhecer o que pensam os professores de música sobre o ensino de flauta doce; compreender o significado desse instrumento musical em suas vidas e em sua prática docente; e refletir sobre o ensino de flauta doce no âmbito da educação musical. Para tanto, o aporte teórico constituiu-se de estudos sobre o pensamento do professor (PACHECO, 1995; BRAZ, 2006, 2007; MARUJO, 2004; BEINEKE, 2000; DEL BEN, 2001; entre outros) que possibilitaram refletir sobre os significados e as conexões entre o pensamento, a memória e a narrativa na interrelação entre o pensar e o fazer docente com a flauta doce. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida pelo método da história oral temática (MEIHY, 2005; FREITAS, 2006), utilizando como procedimentos de produção e análise dos dados, respectivamente, a entrevista narrativa (JOVCHELOVITCH; BAUER, 2008) e algumas estratégias da teoria fundamentada (CHARMAZ, 2009). Através da investigação, foi possível conhecer as histórias dos professores de música e seus pensamentos, representados por alguns de seus construtos, ideias, crenças, conhecimentos, valores, perspectivas, etc., os quais estão expressos em suas recordaçõesreferências (JOSSO, 2010) para ensinar flauta doce. Neste processo, observou-se que seus pensamentos estão ligados a fatores racioafetivos (BAGGIO; OLIVEIRA, 2008) que permearam as suas vivências com esse instrumento musical em diferentes períodos de suas vidas, tanto enquanto alunos como quando professores de música, os quais movem e dão sentidos as suas atuais práticas pedagógicomusicais. Por fim, chegou-se a compreensão de que o pensamento desses professores, sobre o ensino de flauta doce, constitui-se em uma dimensão importante no processo formativo docente de cada um, afetando-o e constituindo-o, visto que é na relação entre o pensar e o fazer, que esses profissionais estão aprendendo a ser professores de música com a flauta doce.